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Wang H, Lin G, Lin Y, Cui Y, Chen G, Peng Z. Developing excellent plantar pressure sensors for monitoring human motions by using highly compressible and resilient PMMA conductive iongels. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 668:142-153. [PMID: 38669992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Based on real-time detection of plantar pressure, gait recognition could provide important health information for rehabilitation administration, fatigue prevention, and sports training assessment. So far, such researches are extremely limited due to lacking of reliable, stable and comfortable plantar pressure sensors. Herein, a strategy for preparing high compression strength and resilience conductive iongels has been proposed by implanting physically entangled polymer chains with covalently cross-linked networks. The resulting iongels have excellent mechanical properties including nice compliance (young's modulus < 300 kPa), high compression strength (>10 MPa at a strain of 90 %), and good resilience (self-recovery within seconds). And capacitive pressure sensor composed by them possesses excellent sensitivity, good linear response even under very small stress (∼kPa), and long-term durability (cycles > 100,000) under high-stress conditions (133 kPa). Then, capacitive pressure sensor arrays have been prepared for high-precision detection of plantar pressure spatial distribution, which also exhibit excellent sensing performances and long-term stability. Further, an extremely sensitive and fast response plantar pressure monitoring system has been designed for monitoring plantar pressure of foot at different postures including upright, forward and backward. The system achieves real-time tracking and monitoring of changes of plantar pressure during different static and dynamic posture processes. And the characteristics of plantar pressure information can be digitally and photography displayed. Finally, we propose an intelligent framework for real-time detection of plantar pressure by combining electronic insoles with data analysis system, which presents excellent applications in sport trainings and safety precautions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Wang
- Center for Stretchable Electronics and NanoSensors, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Guanhua Lin
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Yang Lin
- Center for Stretchable Electronics and NanoSensors, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yang Cui
- Center for Stretchable Electronics and NanoSensors, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Zhengchun Peng
- Center for Stretchable Electronics and NanoSensors, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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2
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Qin R, Nong J, Wang K, Liu Y, Zhou S, Hu M, Zhao H, Shan G. Recent Advances in Flexible Pressure Sensors Based on MXene Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312761. [PMID: 38380773 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
In the past decade, with the rapid development of wearable electronics, medical health monitoring, the Internet of Things, and flexible intelligent robots, flexible pressure sensors have received unprecedented attention. As a very important kind of electronic component for information transmission and collection, flexible pressure sensors have gained a wide application prospect in the fields of aerospace, biomedical and health monitoring, electronic skin, and human-machine interface. In recent years, MXene has attracted extensive attention because of its unique 2D layered structure, high conductivity, rich surface terminal groups, and hydrophilicity, which has brought a new breakthrough for flexible sensing. Thus, it has become a revolutionary pressure-sensitive material with great potential. In this work, the recent advances of MXene-based flexible pressure sensors are reviewed from the aspects of sensing type, sensing mechanism, material selection, structural design, preparation strategy, and sensing application. The methods and strategies to improve the performance of MXene-based flexible pressure sensors are analyzed in details. Finally, the opportunities and challenges faced by MXene-based flexible pressure sensors are discussed. This review will bring the research and development of MXene-based flexible sensors to a new high level, promoting the wider research exploitation and practical application of MXene materials in flexible pressure sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzhan Qin
- College of Automation, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Juan Nong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Keqiang Wang
- College of Automation, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Yishen Liu
- Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Modern Control Technology, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Songbin Zhou
- Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Modern Control Technology, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Mingjun Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Guangcun Shan
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 10068, China
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3
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Jiang Y, Zhao S, Wang F, Zhang X, Su Z. Highly Stretchable Double Network Ionogels for Monitoring Physiological Signals and Detecting Sign Language. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:227. [PMID: 38785701 PMCID: PMC11118894 DOI: 10.3390/bios14050227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
At the heart of the non-implantable electronic revolution lies ionogels, which are remarkably conductive, thermally stable, and even antimicrobial materials. Yet, their potential has been hindered by poor mechanical properties. Herein, a double network (DN) ionogel crafted from 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Emim]Cl), acrylamide (AM), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was constructed. Tensile strength, fracture elongation, and conductivity can be adjusted across a wide range, enabling researchers to fabricate the material to meet specific needs. With adjustable mechanical properties, such as tensile strength (0.06-5.30 MPa) and fracture elongation (363-1373%), this ionogel possesses both robustness and flexibility. This ionogel exhibits a bi-modal response to temperature and strain, making it an ideal candidate for strain sensor applications. It also functions as a flexible strain sensor that can detect physiological signals in real time, opening doors to personalized health monitoring and disease management. Moreover, these gels' ability to decode the intricate movements of sign language paves the way for improved communication accessibility for the deaf and hard-of-hearing community. This DN ionogel lays the foundation for a future in which e-skins and wearable sensors will seamlessly integrate into our lives, revolutionizing healthcare, human-machine interaction, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shujing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fengyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhiqiang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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4
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Ghaemmaghami M, Yamini Y. Three-Dimensional Network of Highly Uniform Cobalt Oxide Microspheres/MXene Composite as a High-Performance Electrocatalyst in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:18782-18789. [PMID: 38567820 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Due to its affordable cost, excellent redox capability, and relatively effective resistance to corrosion in alkaline environments, spinel Co3O4 demonstrates potential as a viable alternative to noble-metal-based electrocatalysts. Nevertheless, these materials continue to exhibit drawbacks, such as limited active surface area and inadequate intrinsic conductivity. Researchers have been trying to increase the electrical conductivity of Co3O4 nanostructures by integrating them with various conductive substrates due to the low conductivity of pristine Co3O4. In this study, uniform cobalt glycerate solid spheres are first synthesized as the precursor and subsequently transformed into cobalt oxide microspheres by a simple annealing procedure. Co3O4 grown on the surface of Ti3C2Tx-MXene nanosheets (Co3O4/MXene) was successfully synthesized through electrostatic attraction. In order to create a positively charged surface, the Co3O4 microspheres were treated with aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The Co3O4/MXene exhibited a low overpotential of 118 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and a Tafel slope of 113 mV dec-1 for the hydrogen evolution reaction, which is much lower than the pristine Co3O4 at 232 and 195.3 mV dec-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ghaemmaghami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
| | - Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
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Chen Y, Gao M, Chen K, Sun H, Xing H, Liu X, Liu W, Guo H. MXene-Based Pressure Sensor with a Self-Healing Property for Joule Heating and Friction Sliding. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400593. [PMID: 38529744 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
As a kind of flexible electronic device, flexible pressure sensor has attracted wide attention in medical monitoring and human-machine interaction. With the continuous deepening of research, high-sensitivity sensor is developing from single function to multi-function. However, Current multifunctional sensors lack the ability to integrate joule heating, detect sliding friction, and self-healing. Herein, a MXene/polyurethane (PU) flexible pressure sensor with a self-healing property for joule heating and friction sliding is fabricated. The MXene/PU sensitive layer with special spinosum structure is prepared by a simple spraying method. After face-to-face assembly of the sensitive layers, the MXene/PU flexible pressure sensor is obtained and showed excellent sensitivity (150.65 kPa-1), fast response/recovery speed (75.5/63.9 ms), and good stability (10 000 cycles). Based on the self-healing property of PU, the sensor also has the ability to heal after mechanical damage. In addition, the sensor realizes the joule heating function under low voltage, and has the real-time monitoring ability of sliding objects. Combined with low cost and simple manufacturing method, the multi-functional MXene/PU flexible sensor shows a wide range of application potential in human activity monitoring, thermal management, and slip recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Kun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Huili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Haonan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Haizhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
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Hu Z, Xie F, Yan Y, Lu H, Cheng J, Liu X, Li J. Research progress of flexible pressure sensor based on MXene materials. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9547-9558. [PMID: 38516165 PMCID: PMC10955273 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07772a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors overcome the limitations of traditional rigid sensors on the surface of the measured object, demonstrating broad application prospects in fields such as sports health and vital sign monitoring due to their excellent flexibility and comfort in contact with the body. MXene, as a two-dimensional material, possesses excellent conductivity and abundant surface functional groups. Simultaneously, MXene's unique layered structure and large specific surface area offer a wealth of possibilities for preparing sensing elements in combination with other materials. This article reviews the preparation methods of MXene materials and their performance indicators as sensing elements, discusses the controllable preparation methods of MXene materials and the impact of their physical and chemical properties on their functions, elaborates on the pressure sensing mechanism and evaluation mechanism of MXene materials. Starting from the four specific application directions: aerogel/hydrogel, ink printing, thin film/electronic skin, and fiber fabric, we introduce the research progress of MXene flexible pressure sensors from an overall perspective. Finally, a summary and outlook for developing MXene flexible pressure sensors are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Hu
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471000 China
| | - Feihu Xie
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471000 China
| | - Yangyang Yan
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471000 China
- Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute, China Shipbuilding Industry 725 Research Institute Luoyang 471000 China
| | - Hanjing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University Haikou 570100 China
| | - Ji Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University Haikou 570100 China
| | - Xiaoran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University Haikou 570100 China
| | - Jinghua Li
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471000 China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University Haikou 570100 China
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7
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Yin H, Liu F, Abdiryim T, Chen J, Liu X. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and MXene reinforced multifunctional conductive hydrogels for multimodal sensors and flexible supercapacitors. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121677. [PMID: 38171688 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
With the growing demand for eco-friendly materials in wearable smart electronic devices, renewable, biocompatible, and low-cost hydrogels based on natural polymers have attracted much attention. Cellulose, as one of the renewable and degradable natural polymers, shows great potential in wearable smart electronic devices. Multifunctional conductive cellulose-based hydrogels are designed for flexible electronic devices by adding sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and MXene into polyacrylic acid networks. The multifunctional hydrogels possess excellent mechanical property (stress: 310 kPa; strain: 1127 %), toughness (206.67 KJ m-3), conductivity (1.09 ± 0.12 S m-1) and adhesion (82.19 ± 3.65 kPa). The multifunctional conductive hydrogels serve as strain sensors (Gauge Factor (GF) = 5.79, 0-700 % strain; GF = 14.0, 700-900 % strain; GF = 40.36, 900-1000 % strain; response time: 300 ms; recovery time: 200 ms) and temperature sensors (Temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) = 2.5755 °C-1 at 35 °C- 60 °C). The sensor detects human activities with clear and steady signals. A distributed array of flexible sensors is created to measure the magnitude and distribution of pressure and a hydrogel-based flexible touch keyboard is also fabricated to recognize writing trajectories, pressures and speeds. Furthermore, a flexible hydrogel-based supercapacitor powers the LED and exhibits good cyclic stability over 15,000 charge-discharge cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Fangfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, PR China.
| | - Tursun Abdiryim
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Jiaying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Xiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, PR China.
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Gu L, Wang Y, Yang M, Xu H, Zhang W, Ren Z, Meng L, Cui N, Liu J. Hierarchical Wrinkles with Piezopotential Enhanced Surface Tribopolarity for High-Performance Self-Powered Pressure Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:3901-3910. [PMID: 38206311 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Achieving both high sensitivity and wide detecting range is significant for the applications of triboelectric nanogenerator-based self-powered pressure sensors (TPSs). However, most of the previous designs with high sensitivity usually struggle in a narrow pressure detection range (<30 kPa) while expanding the detection range normally sacrifices the sensitivity. To overcome this well-known obstacle, herein, piezopotential enhanced triboelectric effect realized by a rationally designed PDMS/ZnO NWs hierarchical wrinkle structure was exploited to develop a TPS (PETPS) with both high sensitivity and wide detecting range. In this PETPS design, the piezopotential derived from the deformation of ZnO NWs enhances its tribo-charge transferring ability; meanwhile, the hierarchical structure helps to establish a dynamically self-adjustable contact area. Benefiting from these advantages, the PETPS simultaneously achieves high sensitivity (0.26 nC cm-2 kPa-1 from 1 to 25 kPa, and 0.02 nC cm-2 kPa-1 from 25 to 476 kPa), fast response (46 ms), wide sensing range (1 to 476 kPa), and good stability (over 4000 cycles). In addition, the output charge density that is independent of the speed rate of driven force was adopted as the sensing signal of PETPS to replace the commonly used peak voltage/current values, enabling it more adaptive to accurately detect pressure variation in real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Gu
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Maosen Yang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Zewei Ren
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Leixin Meng
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Nuanyang Cui
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Jinmei Liu
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
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9
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Zhang H, Chen X, Liu Y, Yang C, Liu W, Qi M, Zhang D. PDMS Film-Based Flexible Pressure Sensor Array with Surface Protruding Structure for Human Motion Detection and Wrist Posture Recognition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2554-2563. [PMID: 38166372 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors have been widely concerned because of their great application potential in the fields of electronic skin, human-computer interaction, health detection, and so on. In this paper, a flexible pressure sensor is designed, with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films with protruding structure as elastic substrate and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as conductive-sensitive material. The flexible pressure sensor has a wide linear detection range (0-100 kPa), outstanding sensitivity (2.32 kPa-1), and stability of more than 2000 cycles. The sensor has been proven to be able to detect a wide range of human movements (finger bending, elbow bending, etc.) and small movements (breathing, pulse, etc.). In addition, the pressure sensor array can detect the pressure distribution and judge the shape of the object. A smart wristband equipped with four flexible pressure sensors is designed. Among them, the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm is used to classify sensor data to achieve high accuracy (99.52%) recognition of seven kinds of wrist posture. This work provides a new opportunity to fabricate simple, flexible pressure sensors with potential applications in the next-generation electronic skin, health detection, and intelligent robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaoya Chen
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yan Liu
- China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401122, China
| | - Chunqing Yang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Wenzhe Liu
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Mingyu Qi
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Dongzhi Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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10
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Yuan YM, Liu B, Adibeig MR, Xue Q, Qin C, Sun QY, Jin Y, Wang M, Yang C. Microstructured Polyelectrolyte Elastomer-Based Ionotronic Sensors with High Sensitivities and Excellent Stability for Artificial Skins. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2310429. [PMID: 38095237 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
High-performance flexible pressure sensors are highly demanded for artificial tactile sensing. Using ionic conductors as the dielectric layer has enabled ionotronic pressure sensors with high sensitivities owing to giant capacitance of the electric double layer (EDL) formed at the ionic conductor/electronic conductor interface. However, conventional ionotronic sensors suffer from leakage, which greatly hinders long-term stability and practical applications. Herein, a leakage-free polyelectrolyte elastomer as the dielectric layer for ionotronic sensors is synthesized. The mechanical and electrical properties of the polyelectrolyte elastomer are optimized, a micropyramid array is constructed, and it is used as the dielectric layer for an ionotronic pressure sensor with marked performances. The obtained sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 69.6 kPa-1 , a high upper detecting limit on the order of 1 MPa, a fast response/recovery speed of ≈6 ms, and excellent stability under both static and dynamic loads. Notably, the sensor retains a high sensitivity of 4.96 kPa-1 at 500 kPa, and its broad sensing range within high-pressure realm enables a brand-new coding strategy. The applications of the sensor as a wearable keyboard and a quasicontinuous controller for a robotic arm are demonstrated. Durable and highly sensitive ionotronic sensors potentialize high-performance artificial skins for soft robots, human-machine interfaces, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Binhong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Mohammad Reza Adibeig
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qiqi Xue
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chu Qin
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yin Sun
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ying Jin
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next-Generation Communications, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Canhui Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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11
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Chu C, Hofman E, Gao C, Li S, Lin H, MacSwain W, Franck JM, Meulenberg RW, Chakraborty A, Zheng W. Inserting an "atomic trap" for directional dopant migration in core/multi-shell quantum dots. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14115-14123. [PMID: 38098727 PMCID: PMC10717451 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04165d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion of atoms or ions in solid crystalline lattice is crucial in many areas of solid-state technology. However, controlling ion diffusion and migration is challenging in nanoscale lattices. In this work, we intentionally insert a CdZnS alloyed interface layer, with small cationic size mismatch with Mn(ii) dopant ions, as an "atomic trap" to facilitate directional (outward and inward) dopant migration inside core/multi-shell quantum dots (QDs) to reduce the strain from the larger cationic mismatch between dopants and host sites. Furthermore, it was found that the initial doping site/environment is critical for efficient dopant trapping and migration. Specifically, a larger Cd(ii) substitutional site (92 pm) for the Mn(ii) dopant (80 pm), with larger local lattice distortion, allows for efficient atomic trapping and dopant migration; while Mn(ii) dopant ions can be very stable with no significant migration when occupying a smaller Zn(ii) substitutional site (74 pm). Density functional theory calculations revealed a higher energy barrier for a Mn(ii) dopant hopping from the smaller Zn substitutional tetrahedral (Td) site as compared to a larger Cd substitutional Td site. The controlled dopant migration by "atomic trapping" inside QDs provides a new way to fine tune the properties of doped nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University Syracuse New York 13244 USA
| | - Elan Hofman
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University Syracuse New York 13244 USA
| | - Chengpeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University Syracuse New York 13244 USA
| | - Shuya Li
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University Syracuse New York 13244 USA
| | - Hanjie Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University Syracuse New York 13244 USA
| | - Walker MacSwain
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University Syracuse New York 13244 USA
| | - John M Franck
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University Syracuse New York 13244 USA
| | - Robert W Meulenberg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Frontier Institute for Research in Sensor Technologies, University of Maine Orono Maine 04469 USA
| | | | - Weiwei Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University Syracuse New York 13244 USA
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12
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Zhang Y, Zhu P, Sun H, Sun X, Ye Y, Jiang F. Superelastic Cellulose Sub-Micron Fibers/Carbon Black Aerogel for Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2310038. [PMID: 37963847 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Superelastic aerogels with rapid response and recovery times, as well as exceptional shape recovery performance even from large deformation, are in high demand for wearable sensor applications. In this study, a novel conductive and superelastic cellulose-based aerogel is successfully developed. The aerogel incorporates networks of cellulose sub-micron fibers and carbon black (SMF/CB) nanoparticles, achieved through a combination of dual ice templating assembly and electrostatic assembly methods. The incorporation of assembled cellulose sub-micron fibers imparts remarkable superelasticity to the aerogel, enabling it to retain 94.6% of its original height even after undergoing 10 000 compression/recovery cycles. Furthermore, the electrostatically assembled CB nanoparticles contribute to exceptional electrical conductivity in the cellulose-based aerogel. This combination of electrical conductivity and superelasticity results in an impressive response time of 7.7 ms and a recovery time of 12.8 ms for the SMF/CB aerogel, surpassing many of the aerogel sensors reported in previous studies. As a proof of concept, the SMF/CB aerogel is utilized to construct a pressure sensor and a sensing array, which exhibit exceptional responsiveness to both minor and substantial human motions, indicating its significant potential for applications in human health monitoring and human-machine interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Penghui Zhu
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hao Sun
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xia Sun
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yuhang Ye
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Feng Jiang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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13
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Jia H, Liu Q, Si J, Chen Y, Zhou G, Lan H, He W. Oxidation engineering triggered peroxidase-like activity of VO xC for detection of dopamine and glutathione. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:5799-5809. [PMID: 37881712 PMCID: PMC10597545 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00642e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
MXenes, two-dimensional nanomaterials, are gaining traction in catalysis and biomedicine. Yet, their oxidation instability poses significant functional constraints. Gaining insight into this oxidation dynamic is pivotal for designing MXenes with tailored functionalities. Herein, we crafted VOxC nanosheets by oxidatively engineering V4C3 MXene. Interestingly, while pristine V4C3 displays pronounced antioxidant behavior, its derived VOxC showcases enhanced peroxidase-like activity, suggesting the crossover between antioxidant and pro-oxidant capability. The mixed valence states and balanced composition of V in VOxC drive the Fenton reaction through multiple pathways to continually generate hydroxyl radicals, which was proposed as the mechanism underlying the peroxidase-like activity. Furthermore, this unique activity rendered VOxC effective in dopamine and glutathione detection. These findings underscore the potential of modulating MXenes' oxidation state to elicit varied catalytic attributes, providing an avenue for the judicious design of MXenes and derivatives for bespoke applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University Xuchang Henan 461000 P. R. China
| | - Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University Xuchang Henan 461000 P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Si
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University Xuchang Henan 461000 P. R. China
| | - Yuyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University Xuchang Henan 461000 P. R. China
| | - Guo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University Xuchang Henan 461000 P. R. China
| | - Haihui Lan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Weiwei He
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University Xuchang Henan 461000 P. R. China
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14
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Wang Y, Chen N, Zhou B, Zhou X, Pu B, Bai J, Tang Q, Liu Y, Yang W. NH 3-Induced In Situ Etching Strategy Derived 3D-Interconnected Porous MXene/Carbon Dots Films for High Performance Flexible Supercapacitors. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:231. [PMID: 37851182 PMCID: PMC10584800 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01204-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
2D MXene (Ti3CNTx) has been considered as the most promising electrode material for flexible supercapacitors owing to its metallic conductivity, ultra-high capacitance, and excellent flexibility. However, it suffers from a severe restacking problem during the electrode fabrication process, limiting the ion transport kinetics and the accessibility of ions in the electrodes, especially in the direction normal to the electrode surface. Herein, we report a NH3-induced in situ etching strategy to fabricate 3D-interconnected porous MXene/carbon dots (p-MC) films for high-performance flexible supercapacitor. The pre-intercalated carbon dots (CDs) first prevent the restacking of MXene to expose more inner electrochemical active sites. The partially decomposed CDs generate NH3 for in situ etching of MXene nanosheets toward 3D-interconnected p-MC films. Benefiting from the structural merits and the 3D-interconnected ionic transmission channels, p-MC film electrodes achieve excellent gravimetric capacitance (688.9 F g-1 at 2 A g-1) and superior rate capability. Moreover, the optimized p-MC electrode is assembled into an asymmetric solid-state flexible supercapacitor with high energy density and superior cycling stability, demonstrating the great promise of p-MC electrode for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu, 610200, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu, 610200, People's Republic of China
| | - Ben Pu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Bai
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.
- Research Institute of Frontier Science, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Xu X, Yan B. Bioinspired Luminescent HOF-Based Foam as Ultrafast and Ultrasensitive Pressure and Acoustic Bimodal Sensor for Human-Machine Interactive Object and Information Recognition. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303410. [PMID: 37327479 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bionic sensors have extensively served smart robots, medical equipment, and flexible wearable devices. The luminescent pressure-acoustic bimodal sensor can be treated as a remarkable, multifunctional, integrated bionic device. Here, a blue-emitting hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF-TTA) as luminogen combines with melamine foam (MF), generating the flexible and elastic HOF-TTA@MF (1 and 2) as a pressure-auditory bimodal sensor. In the luminescent pressure sensing process, 1 has excellent maximum sensitivity (132.02 kPa-1 ), low minimum detection limit (0.0 1333 Pa), fast response time (20 ms), high precision and great recyclability. 2 as a luminescent auditory sensor exhibits the highest response to the 520 Hz sound at 255-1453 Hz. In the process of sensing sound at 520 Hz, 2 possesses high sensitivity (1 648 441.3 cps Pa-1 cm-2 ), low detection limit (0.36 dB) and ultrafast response time (10 ms) within 11.47-91.77 dB. The sensing mechanisms toward pressure and auditory are analyzed in detail by finite element simulation. Furthermore, 1 and 2, as a human-machine interactive bimodal sensor, can recognize nine different objects and word information of "Health", "Phone", and "TongJi" with high accuracy and strong robustness. This work provides a facile fabricated method of luminescent HOF-based pressure-auditory bimodal sensors and endows them with new recognition functions and dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China
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16
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Gao FL, Liu J, Li XP, Ma Q, Zhang T, Yu ZZ, Shang J, Li RW, Li X. Ti 3C 2T x MXene-Based Multifunctional Tactile Sensors for Precisely Detecting and Distinguishing Temperature and Pressure Stimuli. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16036-16047. [PMID: 37577988 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Although skin-like sensors that can simultaneously detect various physical stimuli are of fair importance in cutting-edge human-machine interaction, robotic, and healthcare applications, they still face challenges in facile, scalable, and cost-effective production using conventional active materials. The emerging two-dimensional transition metal carbide, Ti3C2Tx MXene, integrated with favorable thermoelectric properties, metallic-like conductivity, and a hydrophilic surface, is promising for solving these problems. Herein, skin-like multifunctional sensors are designed to precisely detect and distinguish temperature and pressure stimuli without cross-talk by decorating elastic and porous substrates with MXene sheets. Because the combination of the thermoelectric and conductive MXene with the thermally insulating, elastic, and porous substrate integrates efficient Seebeck and piezoresistive effects, the resultant sensor exhibits not only an ultralow detection limit (0.05 K), high signal-to-noise ratio, and excellent cycling stability for temperature detection but also high sensitivity, fast response time, and outstanding durability for pressure detection. Based on the impressive dual-mode sensing properties and independent temperature and pressure detections, a multimode input terminal and an electronic skin are created, exhibiting great potential in robotic and human-machine interaction applications. This work provides a scalable fabrication of multifunctional tactile sensors for precisely detecting and distinguishing temperature and pressure stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Lin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ji Liu
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Xiao-Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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