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Zhang W, Xu Y, Guo R, Zhuang P, Hong H, Tan H, Wang M. Theranostic Bottle-Brush Polymers Tailored for Universal Solid-Tumor Targeting. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11688-11702. [PMID: 38665009 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Designing an efficient nanocarrier to target multiple types of cancer remains a major challenge in the development of cancer nanomedicines. The majority of systemically administered nanoparticles (NPs) are rapidly cleared by the liver, resulting in poor tumor-targeting efficiency and severe side effects. Here, we present a delicately tailored design and synthesis of fluorescent bottle-brush polymers and screen nine derived NPs, each varying in size and surface coatings, for tumor imaging and targeted delivery. Our optimized polymer bearing (oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) in the side chains shows reduced macrophage uptake, prolonged blood-circulation time (up to 27 h), and exceptionally high accumulation in the tumor compared to the liver, elucidating an immune-evasion-induced tumor-targeting mechanism. High tumor accumulation significantly improved the antitumor efficacy. The outstanding tumor-targeting ability has been further validated across five distinct tumor models, including orthotopic glioblastoma and pancreatic cancer, which demonstrate the universality of our polymeric nanocarrier for tumor-targeting delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanwen Xu
- Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongjun Guo
- Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiling Zhuang
- Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Huixia Hong
- College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Hui Tan
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518026, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingfeng Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, China
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Parkin HC, Street STG, Gowen B, Da-Silva-Correa LH, Hof R, Buckley HL, Manners I. Mechanism of Action and Design of Potent Antibacterial Block Copolymer Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5128-5141. [PMID: 38356186 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembled polymer nanoparticles are promising antibacterials, with nonspherical morphologies of particular interest as recent work has demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity relative to their spherical counterparts. However, the reasons for this enhancement are currently unclear. We have performed a multifaceted analysis of the antibacterial mechanism of action of 1D nanofibers relative to nanospheres by the use of flow cytometry, high-resolution microscopy, and evaluations of the antibacterial activity of pristine and tetracycline-loaded nanoparticles. Low-length dispersity, fluorescent diblock copolymer nanofibers with a crystalline poly(fluorenetrimethylenecarbonate) (PFTMC) core (length = 104 and 472 nm, height = 7 nm, width = 10-13 nm) and a partially protonated poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) corona (length = 12 nm) were prepared via seeded growth living crystallization-driven self-assembly. Their behavior was compared to that of analogous nanospheres containing an amorphous PFTMC core (diameter of 12 nm). While all nanoparticles were uptaken into Escherichia coli W3110, crystalline-core nanofibers were observed to cause significant bacterial damage. Drug loading studies indicated that while all nanoparticle antibacterial activity was enhanced in combination with tetracycline, the enhancement was especially prominent when small nanoparticles (ca. 15-25 nm) were employed. Therefore, the identified differences in the mechanism of action and the demonstrated consequences for nanoparticle size and morphology control may be exploited for the future design of potent antibacterial agents for overcoming antibacterial resistance. This study also reinforces the requirement of morphological control over polymer nanoparticles for biomedical applications, as differences in activity are observed depending on their size, shape, and core-crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley C Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Steven T G Street
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Brent Gowen
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Luiz H Da-Silva-Correa
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Rebecca Hof
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Heather L Buckley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
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He ZJ, Huang B, Cai LH. Bottlebrush polyethylene glycol nanocarriers translocate across human airway epithelium via molecular architecture enhanced endocytosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.15.580508. [PMID: 38405944 PMCID: PMC10888750 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.15.580508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary drug delivery is critical to the treatment of respiratory diseases. However, the human airway surface presents multiscale barriers to efficient drug delivery. Here we report a bottlebrush polyethylene glycol (PEG-BB) nanocarrier that can translocate across all barriers within the human airway surface. Guided by the molecular theory, we design a PEG-BB molecule consisting of a linear backbone densely grafted by many (∼1,000) low molecular weight (∼1000 g/mol) PEG chains; this results in a highly anisotropic, wormlike nanocarrier featuring a contour length of ∼250 nm, a cross-section of ∼20 nm, and a hydrodynamic diameter of ∼40 nm. Using the classic air-liquid-interface culture system to recapitulate essential biological features of the human airway surface, we show that PEG-BB rapidly penetrates through endogenous airway mucus and periciliary brush layer (mesh size of 20-40 nm) to be internalized by cells across the whole epithelium. By quantifying the cellular uptake of polymeric carriers of various molecular architectures and manipulating cell proliferation and endocytosis pathways, we show that the translocation of PEG-BB across the epithelium is driven by bottlebrush architecture enhanced endocytosis. Our results demonstrate that large, wormlike bottlebrush PEG polymers, if properly designed, can be used as a novel carrier for pulmonary and mucosal drug delivery. Table of Contents
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Akash TS, Ishraaq R, Das S. All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Uncharged Linear Polymer Bottlebrushes: Effect of the Brush Sizes and the Number of Side-Chain Monomers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38295136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers (BBPs), characterized by grafted polymer side chains on linear backbone polymer chain, have emerged as a unique and versatile class of macromolecules with extensive applications in the fields of material science, electronics, battery materials, self-healing technology, etc. In this paper, we employ all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to present a comprehensive study of poly(methyl methacrylate)-g-poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PMMA-g-PEtOx) BBP and its structural and hydration properties for varying number of backbone monomers (NBB) and side chain monomers (NSC), as well as properties of water molecules supported by the BBP. We find that the radius of gyration follows a scaling of Rg ∼NSC0.36 for smaller grafts and Rg ∼ NSC0.52-0.58 for longer grafts. We also find that the overall shape of the bottlebrush goes from a rod to sphere-like shape with the increase in NSC. Both the hydration per side chain monomer and hydrogen bonds (HBs) per oxygen and nitrogen of the side chain monomer reduce with an increase in NSC, caused by a corresponding enhancement in localization of the side chain monomers in the interior of the BBP. Furthermore, steric influences ensure the number of water-oxygen HBs is much more than the number of water-nitrogen HBs (with oxygen and nitrogen atoms belonging to the monomer side chains). Also, the BBP-supported water molecules demonstrate two distinctly ordered domains with one more structured and one less structured. The more structured domain disappears with an increase in NSC that causes more side chain monomers to localize in the interior of the BBPs. Finally, we observe that despite the highly negative partial charges of the oxygen and nitrogen atoms (of the side chain monomers), the dipole orientation distributions of water molecules around these atoms exhibit the presence of a neutral environment rather than an anionic environment. Overall, we anticipate that our study will generate significant interest in probing the various BBP systems in greater atomistic detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Sarkar Akash
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Raashiq Ishraaq
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Bhagchandani SH, Vohidov F, Milling LE, Tong EY, Brown CM, Ramseier ML, Liu B, Fessenden TB, Nguyen HVT, Kiel GR, Won L, Langer RS, Spranger S, Shalek AK, Irvine DJ, Johnson JA. Engineering kinetics of TLR7/8 agonist release from bottlebrush prodrugs enables tumor-focused immune stimulation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg2239. [PMID: 37075115 PMCID: PMC10115420 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg2239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Imidazoquinolines (IMDs), such as resiquimod (R848), are of great interest as potential cancer immunotherapies because of their ability to activate Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and/or TLR8 on innate immune cells. Nevertheless, intravenous administration of IMDs causes severe immune-related toxicities, and attempts to improve their tissue-selective exposure while minimizing acute systemic inflammation have proven difficult. Here, using a library of R848 "bottlebrush prodrugs" (BPDs) that differ only by their R848 release kinetics, we explore how the timing of R848 exposure affects immune stimulation in vitro and in vivo. These studies led to the discovery of R848-BPDs that exhibit optimal activation kinetics to achieve potent stimulation of myeloid cells in tumors and substantial reductions in tumor growth following systemic administration in mouse syngeneic tumor models without any observable systemic toxicity. These results suggest that release kinetics can be tuned at the molecular level to provide safe yet effective systemically administered immunostimulant prodrugs for next-generation cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin H. Bhagchandani
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Farrukh Vohidov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lauren E. Milling
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Evelyn Yuzhou Tong
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Christopher M. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michelle L. Ramseier
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Timothy B. Fessenden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hung V.-T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gavin R. Kiel
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lori Won
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert S. Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stefani Spranger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alex K. Shalek
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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