1
|
Kim JJ, Shuji K, Zheng J, He X, Sajjad A, Zhang H, Su H, Choy WCH. Tri-system integration in metal-oxide nanocomposites via in-situ solution-processed method for ultrathin flexible transparent electrodes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2070. [PMID: 38453936 PMCID: PMC10920808 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
For stable operation of ultrathin flexible transparent electrodes (uFTEs), it is critical to implement effective risk management during concurrent multi-loading operation of electrical bias and mechanical folding cycles in high-humidity environments. Despite extensive efforts in preparing solution-processed uFTEs with cost-effective and high-throughput means, achieving in-situ nano-adhesion in heterogeneous metal-oxide nanocomposites remains challenging. In this work, we observed by serendipity liquid-like behaviour of transparent metal-oxide-semiconductor zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) onto silver nanowires (AgNWs) developed by in-situ solution processed method (iSPM). This enabled us to address the long-standing issue of vulnerability in the nanocomposite caused by the interface of dissimilar materials between AgNWs and ZnONPs, resulting in a remarkably improved multi-loading operation. Importantly, substrate-integrated uFTEs constituted of the metal-oxide nanocomposite electrode semi-embedded in the polymer matrix of greatly thin <0.5 μm thickness is successfully demonstrated with the smooth surface topography, promoted by the tri-system integration including (i) AgNW-AgNW, (ii) ZnONP-ZnONP, and (iii) AgNW-ZnONP systems. Our finding unveils the complex interfacial dynamics associated with the heterogeneous interface system between AgNWs and ZnONPs and holds great promise in understanding the in-situ nano-adhesion process and increasing the design flexibility of next generation solution-processed uFTEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Jinwook Kim
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kojima Shuji
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiawei Zheng
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinjun He
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ahmad Sajjad
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Haibin Su
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wallace C H Choy
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gong S, Lu Y, Yin J, Levin A, Cheng W. Materials-Driven Soft Wearable Bioelectronics for Connected Healthcare. Chem Rev 2024; 124:455-553. [PMID: 38174868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In the era of Internet-of-things, many things can stay connected; however, biological systems, including those necessary for human health, remain unable to stay connected to the global Internet due to the lack of soft conformal biosensors. The fundamental challenge lies in the fact that electronics and biology are distinct and incompatible, as they are based on different materials via different functioning principles. In particular, the human body is soft and curvilinear, yet electronics are typically rigid and planar. Recent advances in materials and materials design have generated tremendous opportunities to design soft wearable bioelectronics, which may bridge the gap, enabling the ultimate dream of connected healthcare for anyone, anytime, and anywhere. We begin with a review of the historical development of healthcare, indicating the significant trend of connected healthcare. This is followed by the focal point of discussion about new materials and materials design, particularly low-dimensional nanomaterials. We summarize material types and their attributes for designing soft bioelectronic sensors; we also cover their synthesis and fabrication methods, including top-down, bottom-up, and their combined approaches. Next, we discuss the wearable energy challenges and progress made to date. In addition to front-end wearable devices, we also describe back-end machine learning algorithms, artificial intelligence, telecommunication, and software. Afterward, we describe the integration of soft wearable bioelectronic systems which have been applied in various testbeds in real-world settings, including laboratories that are preclinical and clinical environments. Finally, we narrate the remaining challenges and opportunities in conjunction with our perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Gong
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jialiang Yin
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Arie Levin
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li C, Qiu T, Li C, Cheng B, Jin M, Zhou G, Giersig M, Wang X, Gao J, Akinoglu EM. Highly Flexible and Acid-Alkali Resistant TiN Nanomesh Transparent Electrodes for Next-Generation Optoelectronic Devices. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24763-24772. [PMID: 37901960 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Transparent electrodes are vital for optoelectronic devices, but their development has been constrained by the limitations of existing materials such as indium tin oxide (ITO) and newer alternatives. All face issues of robustness, flexibility, conductivity, and stability in harsh environments. Addressing this challenge, we developed a flexible, low-cost titanium nitride (TiN) nanomesh transparent electrode showcasing exceptional acid-alkali resistance. The TiN nanomesh electrode, created by depositing a TiN coating on a naturally cracked gel film substrate via a sputtering method, maintains a stable electrical performance through thousands of bending cycles. It exhibits outstanding chemical stability, resisting strong acid and alkali corrosion, which is a key hurdle for current electrodes when in contact with acidic/alkaline materials and solvents during device fabrication. This, coupled with superior light transmission and conductivity (88% at 550 nm with a sheet resistance of ∼200 Ω/sq), challenges the reliance on conventional materials. Our TiN nanomesh electrode, successfully applied in electric heaters and electrically controlled thermochromic devices, offers broad potential beyond harsh environment applications. It enables alternative possibilities for the design and fabrication of future optoelectronics for advancements in this pivotal field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Zhaoqing 526238, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Qiu
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Cong Li
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoyuan Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Zhaoqing 526238, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Zhaoqing 526238, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Zhaoqing 526238, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Giersig
- International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Zhaoqing 526238, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Xin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Zhaoqing 526238, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwei Gao
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Eser Metin Akinoglu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Zhaoqing 526238, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen S, Zhou D, Yu J, Huang Z, Wang L. Porous carbon nanosheets derived from two-dimensional Fe-MOF for simultaneous voltammetric sensing of dopamine and uric acid. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:495102. [PMID: 37604147 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acf225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
It is of great significance for electrochemical sensors to simultaneously detect dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) related to biological metabolism. In this work, two-dimensional (2D) porous carbon nanosheets (CNS) was prepared as electrocatalysts to improve the sensitivity, the selectivity, and the detection limit of the simultaneous detection. First, 2D amorphous iron-metal organic frameworks (Fe-MOF) was synthesized with Fe3+and terephthalic acid via a facile wet chemistry method at room temperature. And then, CNS was prepared by pyrolysis and pickling of Fe-MOF. CNS had large specific surface area, good electrical conductivity and lots of carbon defects. The response currents of the CNS modified electrode was larger than those of the control electrodes in the simultaneous determination. The simultaneous determination was measured via differential pulse voltammetry to reduce the effect of capacitive currents on quantitative analysis. The CNS modified electrodes showed high sensitivity and low detection limit for the simultaneous detection of DA and UA. The modified electrodes have been successfully used to detect DA and UA in normal human serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shouhui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingguo Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhong Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wei J, Yu S, Li L, Wang X, Lu C. Tunable Magnetic Domain Patterns in Thickness-Gradient Nickel Films on Flexible PDMS Substrates. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:31178-31187. [PMID: 37663513 PMCID: PMC10468897 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Flexible magnetoelectronic devices (based on magnetic films) have great application prospects in the fields of information storages, bionic robotics, and electronic skins. The intrinsic stress and external loading are very important to modulate the structures and properties of flexible magnetic films due to the magnetoelastic coupling effect. Here, we report on tunable magnetic domain patterns in thickness-gradient nickel (Ni) films deposited on flexible polydimethylsiloxane substrates. It is found that stripe magnetic domains spontaneously form in the Ni films and their sizes increase with the film thickness. The internal stress evolves from tensile to compressive states with decreasing film thickness, leading to the formation of cracks in thicker regions and wrinkles in thinner regions. Meanwhile, the orientations of stripe magnetic domains change from the gradient direction to the orthogonal direction. The structural features, evolution behaviors, and physical mechanisms of the cracks, wrinkles, and magnetic domains are analyzed based on the stress theory and magnetoelastic coupling. Periodic gradient Ni films with large-scale regulations of stripe magnetic domains are also realized by masking of copper grids. This study helps to better understand the magnetoelastic coupling effect in gradient flexible magnetic films and provides a technique to modulate anisotropic magnetic properties by designing specific film systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wei
- Key
Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College
of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Senjiang Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College
of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Lingwei Li
- Key
Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College
of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College
of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Chenxi Lu
- Key
Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College
of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oh MJ, Son GC, Kim M, Jeon J, Kim YH, Son M. An Aqueous Process for Preparing Flexible Transparent Electrodes Using Non-Oxidized Graphene/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Solution. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2249. [PMID: 37570566 PMCID: PMC10421273 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we prepared flexible and transparent hybrid electrodes based on an aqueous solution of non-oxidized graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes. We used a simple halogen intercalation method to obtain high-quality graphene flakes without a redox process and prepared hybrid films using aqueous solutions of graphene, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant. The hybrid films showed excellent electrode properties, such as an optical transmittance of ≥90%, a sheet resistance of ~3.5 kΩ/sq., a flexibility of up to ε = 3.6% ((R) = 1.4 mm), and a high mechanical stability, even after 103 bending cycles at ε = 2.0% ((R) = 2.5 mm). Using the hybrid electrodes, thin-film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated, which exhibited an electron mobility of ~6.7 cm2 V-1 s-1, a current on-off ratio of ~1.04 × 107, and a subthreshold voltage of ~0.122 V/decade. These electrical properties are comparable with those of TFTs fabricated using Al electrodes. This suggests the possibility of customizing flexible transparent electrodes within a carbon nanomaterial system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jae Oh
- Artificial Intelligence & Energy Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju 61007, Republic of Korea (J.J.)
| | - Gi-Cheol Son
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkook Kim
- Artificial Intelligence & Energy Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju 61007, Republic of Korea (J.J.)
| | - Junyoung Jeon
- Artificial Intelligence & Energy Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju 61007, Republic of Korea (J.J.)
| | - Yong Hyun Kim
- Artificial Intelligence & Energy Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju 61007, Republic of Korea (J.J.)
| | - Myungwoo Son
- Artificial Intelligence & Energy Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju 61007, Republic of Korea (J.J.)
| |
Collapse
|