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Thakur S, Giri A. Pushing the Limits of Heat Conduction in Covalent Organic Frameworks Through High-Throughput Screening of Their Thermal Conductivity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401702. [PMID: 38567486 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Tailor-made materials featuring large tunability in their thermal transport properties are highly sought-after for diverse applications. However, achieving `user-defined' thermal transport in a single class of material system with tunability across a wide range of thermal conductivity values requires a thorough understanding of the structure-property relationships, which has proven to be challenging. Herein, large-scale computational screening of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for thermal conductivity is performed, providing a comprehensive understanding of their structure-property relationships by leveraging systematic atomistic simulations of 10,750 COFs with 651 distinct organic linkers. Through the data-driven approach, it is shown that by strategic modulation of their chemical and structural features, the thermal conductivity can be tuned from ultralow (≈0.02 W m-1 K-1) to exceptionally high (≈50 W m-1 K-1) values. It is revealed that achieving high thermal conductivity in COFs requires their assembly through carbon-carbon linkages with densities greater than 500 kg m-3, nominal void fractions (in the range of ≈0.6-0.9) and highly aligned polymeric chains along the heat flow direction. Following these criteria, it is shown that these flexible polymeric materials can possess exceptionally high thermal conductivities, on par with several fully dense inorganic materials. As such, the work reveals that COFs mark a new regime of materials design that combines high thermal conductivities with low densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Thakur
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Ashutosh Giri
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
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Walwil HM, Zhao Y, Koh YK. Accurate Thermal Conductivity Measurements of Porous Thin Films by Time-Domain Thermoreflectance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2861-2867. [PMID: 38165223 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Accurate measurements of the thermal conductivity (κ) of porous thin films are still limited due to challenges to deposit flat and continuous metal transducers on porous samples, a necessity for many thermal measurement techniques for nanostructures. In this paper, we introduce an approach based on time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) to accurately and conveniently measure κ of porous thin films by transferring a flat and smooth metal film unto porous samples as the transducer for TDTR measurements. We demonstrate our approach by measuring κ of a series of microscale holey SiO2 films with diameters of 1-3.5 μm and porosity of 13-50%. To achieve a measurement uncertainty of <12%, we ensure that the metal transducer films are sufficiently stiff and establish good thermal contact with the holey SiO2 samples. Our κ measurements agree well with calculations of κ from effective medium theory. Our approach could provide a convenient way to further investigate the thermal transport properties of porous films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husam M Walwil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Yunshan Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science (CQTES), School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yee Kan Koh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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Yan M, Hao Q, Diao S, Zhou F, Yichen C, Jiang N, Zhao C, Ren XR, Yu F, Tong J, Wang D, Liu H. Smart Home Sleep Respiratory Monitoring System Based on a Breath-Responsive Covalent Organic Framework. ACS NANO 2024; 18:728-737. [PMID: 38118144 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
A smart home sleep respiratory monitoring system based on a breath-responsive covalent organic framework (COF) was developed and utilized to monitor the sleep respiratory behavior of real sleep apnea patients in this work. The capacitance of the interdigital electrode chip coated with COFTPDA-TFPy exhibits thousands-level reversible responses to breath humidity gases, with subsecond response time and robustness against environmental humidity. A miniaturized printed circuit board, an open-face-mask-based respiratory sensor, and a smartphone app were constructed for the wearable wireless smart home sleep respiratory monitoring system. Leveraging the sensitive and rapid reversible response of COFs, the COF-based respiratory monitoring system can effectively record normal breath, rapid breath, and breath apnea, enabling over a thousand cycles of hour-level continuous monitoring during daily wear. Next, we took the groundbreaking step of advancing the humidity sensor to the clinical trial stage. In clinical experiments on real sleep apnea patients, the COF-based respiratory monitoring system successfully recorded hour-level sleep respiratory data and differentiated the breathing behavior characteristics and severity of sleep apnea patients and subjects with normal sleep function and primary snoring patients. This work successfully advanced humidity sensors into clinical research for real patients and demonstrated the enormous application potential of COF materials in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yichen
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Rui Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuchao Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
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Chen A, Tong H, Wu CW, Li SY, Jia PZ, Zhou WX. First-principles prediction of the thermal conductivity of two configurations of difluorinated graphene monolayer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 26:421-429. [PMID: 38078535 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04923j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Lattice thermal conductivity (κL) plays a crucial role in the thermal management of electronic devices. In this study, we systematically investigate the thermal transport properties of monolayer fluorinated graphene using a combination of machine learning-based interatomic potentials and the phonon Boltzmann transport equation. At a temperature of 300 K, we find that the κL values for chair-configured fluorinated graphene monolayers are 184.24 W m-1 K-1 in the zigzag direction and 205.57 W m-1 K-1 in the armchair direction. For the boat configuration, the κL values are 120.45 W m-1 K-1 and 64.26 W m-1 K-1 in the respective directions. The disparities in κL between these two configurations predominantly stem from differences in phonon relaxation times, which can be elucidated by examining the Grüneisen parameters representing the degree of anharmonicity. A more in-depth analysis of bond strengths, as assessed by the crystal orbital Hamiltonian population, reveals that the stronger in-plane CC bonds in chair-configured fluorinated graphene monolayers are the primary contributors to the observed variations in anharmonicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Hua Tong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Cheng-Wei Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Shi-Yi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Pin-Zhen Jia
- School of Science, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China.
| | - Wu-Xing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
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Thakur S, Giri A. Reversible and high-contrast thermal conductivity switching in a flexible covalent organic framework possessing negative Poisson's ratio. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:5484-5491. [PMID: 37843868 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01417g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The ability to dynamically and reversibly control thermal transport in solid-state systems can redefine and propel a plethora of technologies including thermal switches, diodes, and rectifiers. Current material systems, however, do not possess the swift and large changes in thermal conductivity required for such practical applications. For instance, stimuli responsive materials, that can reversibly switch between a high thermal conductivity state and a low thermal conductivity state, are mostly limited to thermal switching ratios in the range of 1.5 to 4. Here, we demonstrate reversible thermal conductivity switching with an unprecedented 18× change in thermal transport in a highly flexible covalent organic framework with revolving imine bonds. The pedal motion of the imine bonds is capable of reversible transformations of the framework from an expanded (low thermal conductivity) to a contracted (high thermal conductivity) phase, which can be triggered through external stimuli such as exposure to guest adsorption and desorption or mechanical strain. We also show that the dynamic imine linkages endow the material with a negative Poisson's ratio, thus marking a regime of materials design that combines low densities with exceptional thermal and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Thakur
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Ashutosh Giri
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
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