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Chen M, Han X, Xing K, Song Y, Cao S, Zou B, Zheng J, Zhao J. Exciton-to-Dopant Energy Transfer Dynamics in Mn 2+ Doped CsPbBr 3 Nanowires Synthesized by Diffusion Doping. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11543-11549. [PMID: 38095940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Mn2+ doped perovskite nanocrystals have garnered significant attention in optoelectronic applications. However, the synthesis of Mn2+ doped perovskite nanowires (NWs) poses challenges, and the dynamics of energy transfer from the exciton to Mn2+ remains unexplored, which is crucial for optimizing Mn2+ luminescence efficiency. Herein, we present a method to synthesize Mn2+ doped CsPbBr3 NWs with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 52% by diffusing Mn2+ into seed CsPbBr3 NWs grown via a hot injection method. We control the solution and lattice chemical potentials of Pb2+ and Mn2+ to enable Mn2+ to diffuse into the CsPbBr3 NWs while minimizing Ostwald ripening. Variable temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals that the energy transfer from the exciton to Mn2+ in Mn2+ doped CsPbBr3 NWs is temperature dependent. A dynamic competition is observed between energy transfer and backward energy transfer, resulting in stronger Mn2+ photoluminescence at 80 K. This work provides a specific synthesis pathway for Mn2+ doped CsPbBr3 NWs and sheds light on their exciton-to-Mn2+ energy transfer dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xinxin Han
- School of Physical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ke Xing
- School of Physical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yusheng Song
- School of Physical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Sheng Cao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Bingsuo Zou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jinju Zheng
- Institute of Micro/Nano Materials and Devices, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jialong Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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2
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Dehnel J, Harchol A, Barak Y, Meir I, Horani F, Shapiro A, Strassberg R, de Mello Donegá C, Demir HV, Gamelin DR, Sharma K, Lifshitz E. Optically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses on the role of magnetic ions in colloidal nanocrystals. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:071001. [PMID: 37581419 DOI: 10.1063/5.0160787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Incorporating magnetic ions into semiconductor nanocrystals has emerged as a prominent research field for manipulating spin-related properties. The magnetic ions within the host semiconductor experience spin-exchange interactions with photogenerated carriers and are often involved in the recombination routes, stimulating special magneto-optical effects. The current account presents a comparative study, emphasizing the impact of engineering nanostructures and selecting magnetic ions in shaping carrier-magnetic ion interactions. Various host materials, including the II-VI group, halide perovskites, and I-III-VI2 in diverse structural configurations such as core/shell quantum dots, seeded nanorods, and nanoplatelets, incorporated with magnetic ions such as Mn2+, Ni2+, and Cu1+/2+ are highlighted. These materials have recently been investigated by us using state-of-the-art steady-state and transient optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy to explore individual spin-dynamics between the photogenerated carriers and magnetic ions and their dependence on morphology, location, crystal composition, and type of the magnetic ion. The information extracted from the analyses of the ODMR spectra in those studies exposes fundamental physical parameters, such as g-factors, exchange coupling constants, and hyperfine interactions, together providing insights into the nature of the carrier (electron, hole, dopant), its local surroundings (isotropic/anisotropic), and spin dynamics. The findings illuminate the importance of ODMR spectroscopy in advancing our understanding of the role of magnetic ions in semiconductor nanocrystals and offer valuable knowledge for designing magnetic materials intended for various spin-related technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dehnel
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Adi Harchol
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yahel Barak
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Itay Meir
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Faris Horani
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
| | - Arthur Shapiro
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rotem Strassberg
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Celso de Mello Donegá
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Luminous Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University-NTU Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
| | - Kusha Sharma
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Efrat Lifshitz
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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3
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Walsh KM, Pressler K, Crane MJ, Gamelin DR. Ferromagnetism and Spin-Polarized Luminescence in Lead-Free CsEuCl 3 Perovskite Nanocrystals and Thin Films. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2569-2576. [PMID: 35072451 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of next-generation spintronic and spin-photonic technologies will be aided by the development of materials showing strongly coupled magnetic, electronic, and optical properties. Through a combination of magneto-photoluminescence and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopies we demonstrate strong magneto-optical responses from CsEuCl3 perovskite nanocrystals and thin films in the near-UV/visible region, stemming from the f-d transitions centered at the B-site Eu2+ cations. We show that this material undergoes a ferromagnetic phase transition at ∼3 K in both the nanocrystal and thin-film samples, resulting in complete spin alignment and indicating intrinsic ferromagnetism. We also report the observation of spin-polarized photoluminescence in the presence of a magnetic field at cryogenic temperatures, saturating with a large polarization ratio (ΔI/I = (IL - IR)/(IL + IR)) of nearly 30% at modest magnetic fields (∼2 T). These results highlight CsEuCl3 as an intrinsically ferromagnetic, luminescent metal-halide perovskite with potentially interesting implications for future spin-based technologies using perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Kimo Pressler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Matthew J Crane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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4
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Rtimi S, Kiwi J, Nadtochenko V. Photo-induced environmental remediation, biomedical imaging, and microbial inactivation by Mn-doped semiconductors: critical issues. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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Qiao T, Liu X, Rossi D, Khurana M, Lin Y, Wen J, Cheon J, Akimov AV, Son DH. Magnetic Effect of Dopants on Bright and Dark Excitons in Strongly Confined Mn-Doped CsPbI 3 Quantum Dots. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9543-9550. [PMID: 34762431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the magnetic effect of Mn2+ ions on an exciton of Mn-doped CsPbI3 quantum dots (QDs), where we looked for the signatures of an exciton magnetic polaron known to produce a large effective magnetic field in Mn-doped CdSe QDs. In contrast to Mn-doped CdSe QDs that can produce ∼100 T of magnetic field upon photoexcitation, manifested as a large change in the energy and relaxation dynamics of a bright exciton, Mn-doped CsPbI3 QDs exhibited little influence of a magnetic dopant on the behavior of a bright exciton. However, a μs-lived dark exciton in CsPbI3 QDs showed 40% faster decay in the presence of Mn2+, equivalent to the effect of ∼3 T of an external magnetic field. While further study is necessary to fully understand the origin of the large difference in the magneto-optic property of an exciton in two systems, we consider that the difference in antiferromagnetic coupling of the dopants is an important contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 777843, United States
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 777843, United States
| | - Daniel Rossi
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science and Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering, Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohit Khurana
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 777843, United States
| | - Yulin Lin
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jinwoo Cheon
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science and Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering, Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 777843, United States
| | - Dong Hee Son
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 777843, United States
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science and Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering, Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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6
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Ultrafast Quenching of Excitons in the Zn xCd 1-xS/ZnS Quantum Dots Doped with Mn 2+ through Charge Transfer Intermediates Results in Manganese Luminescence. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11113007. [PMID: 34835771 PMCID: PMC8618633 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, a specific time-delayed peak was registered in the femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectra of ZnxCd1−xS/ZnS (x~0.5) alloy quantum dots (QDs) doped with Mn2+, which was interpreted as the electrochromic Stark shift of the band-edge exciton. The time-delayed rise and decay kinetics of the Stark peak in the manganese-doped QDs significantly distinguish it from the kinetics of the Stark peak caused by exciton–exciton interaction in the undoped QDs. The Stark shift in the Mn2+-doped QDs developed at a 1 ps time delay in contrast to the instantaneous appearance of the Stark shift in the undoped QDs. Simultaneously with the development of the Stark peak in the Mn2+-doped QDs, stimulated emission corresponding to 4T1-6A1 Mn2+ transition was detected in the subpicosecond time domain. The time-delayed Stark peak in the Mn2+-doped QDs, associated with the development of an electric field in QDs, indicates the appearance of charge transfer intermediates in the process of exciton quenching by manganese ions, leading to the ultrafast Mn2+ excitation. The usually considered mechanism of the nonradiative energy transfer from an exciton to Mn2+ does not imply the development of an electric field in a QD. Femtosecond TA data were analyzed using a combination of empirical and computational methods. A kinetic scheme of charge transfer processes is proposed to explain the excitation of Mn2+. The kinetic scheme includes the reduction of Mn2+ by a 1Se electron and the subsequent oxidation of Mn1+ with a hole, leading to the formation of an excited state of manganese.
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7
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Lohmann SH, Cai T, Morrow DJ, Chen O, Ma X. Brightening of Dark States in CsPbBr 3 Quantum Dots Caused by Light-Induced Magnetism. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101527. [PMID: 34369068 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have shown great potential for optoelectronic and quantum photonic applications. Although controversy remains about the electronic fine structures of bulk perovskites due to the strong spin-orbit coupling affecting the conduction bands, compelling evidence indicates that the ground states of perovskite QDs remain dark, limiting their applications in optoelectronic devices. Here, it is demonstrated that photoexcitation can induce large intrinsic magnetic fields in Mn-doped CsPbBr3 perovskite QDs. Equivalent to applying an external magnetic field, the light-induced field causes giant Zeeman splitting to the bright triplet states and brightens the dark singlet ground state, thus effectively rendering a partially bright ground state in the doped QDs. These findings here may contribute to the understanding of the electronic fine structures in perovskite QDs and demonstrate a potential approach for creating semiconductor nanostructures that can serve as bright light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven-Hendrik Lohmann
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Tong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Darien J Morrow
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Xuedan Ma
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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8
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Lorenz S, Bieniek J, Erickson CS, Gamelin DR, Fainblat R, Bacher G. Orientation of Individual Anisotropic Nanocrystals Identified by Polarization Fingerprint. ACS NANO 2021; 15:13579-13590. [PMID: 34339182 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The polarization of photoluminescence emitted from anisotropic nanocrystals directly reflects the symmetry of the eigenstates involved in the recombination process and can thus be considered as a characteristic feature of a nanocrystal. We performed polarization resolved magneto-photoluminescence spectroscopy on single colloidal Mn2+:CdSe/CdS core-shell quantum dots of wurtzite crystal symmetry. At zero magnetic field, a distinct linear polarization pattern is observed, while applying a magnetic field enforces circularly polarized emission with a characteristic saturation value below 100%. These polarization features are shown to act as a specific fingerprint of each individual nanocrystal. A model considering the orientation of the crystal c⃗ axis with respect to the optical axis and the magnetic field and taking into account the impact of magnetic doping is introduced and quantitatively explains our findings. We demonstrate that a careful analysis of the polarization state of single nanocrystal emission using the full set of Stokes parameters allows for identification of the complete three-dimensional orientation of the crystal anisotropy axis of an individual nanoobject in lab coordinates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin Lorenz
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Bismarckstr. 81, Duisburg 47057 Germany
| | - Jan Bieniek
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Bismarckstr. 81, Duisburg 47057 Germany
| | - Christian S Erickson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Rachel Fainblat
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Bismarckstr. 81, Duisburg 47057 Germany
| | - Gerd Bacher
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Bismarckstr. 81, Duisburg 47057 Germany
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9
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Mimura Y, Fujiki M, Imai Y. Mirror-symmetric magnetic circularly polarized luminescence from CdS/ZnS core-shell quantum dots: Faraday effect in the photoexcited state. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Dehnel J, Barak Y, Meir I, Budniak AK, Nagvenkar AP, Gamelin DR, Lifshitz E. Insight into the Spin Properties in Undoped and Mn-Doped CdSe/CdS-Seeded Nanorods by Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13478-13490. [PMID: 32935976 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the spin degrees of freedom of photogenerated species in semiconductor nanostructures via magnetic doping is an emerging scientific field that may play an important role in the development of new spin-based technologies. The current work explores spin properties in colloidal CdSe/CdS:Mn seeded-nanorod structures doped with a dilute concentration of Mn2+ ions across the rods. The spin properties were determined using continuous-wave optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy recorded under variable microwave chopping frequencies. These experiments enabled the deconvolution of a few different radiative recombination processes: band-to-band, trap-to-band, and trap-to-trap emission. The results uncovered the major role of carrier trapping on the spin properties of elongated structures. The magnetic parameters, determined through spin-Hamiltonian simulation of the steady-state ODMR spectra, reflect anisotropy associated with carrier trapping at the seed/rod interface. These observations unveiled changes in the carriers' g-factors and spin-exchange coupling constants as well as extension of radiative and spin-lattice relaxation times due to magnetic coupling between interface carriers and neighboring Mn2+ ions. Overall, this work highlights that the spin degrees of freedom in seeded nanorods are governed by interfacial trapping and can be further manipulated by magnetic doping. These results provide insights into anisotropic nanostructure spin properties relevant to future spin-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dehnel
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yahel Barak
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Itay Meir
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Adam K Budniak
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Anjani P Nagvenkar
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry and the Molecular Engineering Materials Center, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Efrat Lifshitz
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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11
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Jin H, Goryca M, Janicke MT, Crooker SA, Klimov VI. Exploiting Functional Impurities for Fast and Efficient Incorporation of Manganese into Quantum Dots. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18160-18173. [PMID: 32927952 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of manganese (Mn) ions into Cd(Zn)-chalcogenide QDs activates strong spin-exchange interactions between the magnetic ions and intrinsic QD excitons that have been exploited for color conversion, sunlight harvesting, electron photoemission, and advanced imaging and sensing. The ability to take full advantage of novel functionalities enabled by Mn dopants requires accurate control of doping levels over a wide range of Mn contents. This, however, still represents a considerable challenge. Specific problems include the difficulty in obtaining high Mn contents, considerable broadening of QD size dispersion during the doping procedure, and large batch-to-batch variations in the amount of incorporated Mn. Here, we show that these problems originate from the presence of unreacted cadmium (Cd) complexes whose abundance is linked to uncontrolled impurities participating in the QD synthesis. After identifying these impurities as secondary phosphines, we modify the synthesis by introducing controlled amounts of "functional" secondary phosphine species. This allows us to realize a regime of nearly ideal QD doping when incorporation of magnetic ions occurs solely via addition of Mn-Se units without uncontrolled deposition of Cd-Se species. Using this method, we achieve very high per-dot Mn contents (>30% of all cations) and thereby realize exceptionally strong exciton-Mn exchange coupling with g-factors of ∼600.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jin
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States.,Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Mateusz Goryca
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Michael T Janicke
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Scott A Crooker
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Victor I Klimov
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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12
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Tarasek S, Chou WC, Fan WC, Thomay T. Excitation power dependent Coulomb induced recombination dynamics in magnetically doped type-II quantum dots. NANO EXPRESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ab86d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We observe that the wavefunction overlap of the carriers in type-II quantum dots (QDs) can be controlled by magnetic doping and strongly depends on the excitation power density. We study two different II-VI magnetic systems; ZnTe/(Zn, Mn)Se QDs with magnetic dopants in the matrix surrounding the dots, and (Zn, Mn)Te/ZnSe QDs doped in the dot core. Both magnetic systems, regardless of the location of the dopant magnetic ions, show a stark contrast in their emission with high excitation power densities (P
ex) when compared to nonmagnetic ZnTe/ZnSe QDs. Using time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL), we observe a saturation in the blue shift for the magnetic systems at a lower P
ex, while additionally exhibiting a limited lifetime shortening over the entire range of P
ex, when compared to the nonmagnetic QDs. The results for the two magnetic systems are very similar, showing no dependence on the location of the magnetic impurities. This suggests that the behavior observed is an effect of the magnetic polaron on the band bending in the high P
ex regime. The ability to use magnetic ions to quickly saturate the charge concentration and control band bending in QDs could potentially aid in optimizing optoelectronic devices which are sensitive to high charge variations.
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13
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Lorenz S, Erickson CS, Riesner M, Gamelin DR, Fainblat R, Bacher G. Directed Exciton Magnetic Polaron Formation in a Single Colloidal Mn 2+:CdSe/CdS Quantum Dot. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:1896-1906. [PMID: 31999124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the most prominent signatures of transition-metal doping in colloidal nanocrystals is the formation of charge carrier-induced magnetization of the dopant spin sublattice, called exciton magnetic polaron (EMP). Understanding the direction of EMP formation, however, is still a major obstacle. Here, we present a series of temperature-dependent photoluminescence studies on single colloidal Mn2+:CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) performed in a vector magnetic field providing a unique insight into the interaction between individual excitons and numerous magnetic impurities. The energy of the QD emission and its full width at half-maximum are controlled by the interplay of EMP formation and statistical magnetic fluctuations, in excellent agreement with theory. Most important, we give the first direct demonstration that anisotropy effects-hypothesized for more than a decade-dominate the direction of EMP formation. Our findings reveal a pathway for directing the orientation of optically induced magnetization in colloidal nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin Lorenz
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Bismarckstr. 81, Duisburg 47057 Germany
| | - Christian S Erickson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Maurizio Riesner
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Bismarckstr. 81, Duisburg 47057 Germany
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Rachel Fainblat
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Bismarckstr. 81, Duisburg 47057 Germany
| | - Gerd Bacher
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Bismarckstr. 81, Duisburg 47057 Germany
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14
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Strassberg R, Delikanli S, Barak Y, Dehnel J, Kostadinov A, Maikov G, Hernandez-Martinez PL, Sharma M, Demir HV, Lifshitz E. Persuasive Evidence for Electron-Nuclear Coupling in Diluted Magnetic Colloidal Nanoplatelets Using Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4437-4447. [PMID: 31314537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of magnetic impurities into semiconductor nanocrystals with size confinement promotes enhanced spin exchange interaction between photogenerated carriers and the guest spins. This interaction stimulates new magneto-optical properties with significant advantages for emerging spin-based technologies. Here we observe and elaborate on carrier-guest interactions in magnetically doped colloidal nanoplatelets with the chemical formula CdSe/Cd1-xMnxS, explored by optically detected magnetic resonance and magneto-photoluminescence spectroscopy. The host matrix, with a quasi-type II electronic configuration, introduces a dominant interaction between a photogenerated electron and a magnetic dopant. Furthermore, the data convincingly presents the interaction between an electron and nuclear spins of the doped ions located at neighboring surroundings, with consequent influence on the carrier's spin relaxation time. The nuclear spin contribution by the magnetic dopants in colloidal nanoplatelets is considered here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Strassberg
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Savas Delikanli
- Luminous Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University-NTU Singapore , 639798 Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University , Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Yahel Barak
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Joanna Dehnel
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Alyssa Kostadinov
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Georgy Maikov
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Pedro Ludwig Hernandez-Martinez
- Luminous Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University-NTU Singapore , 639798 Singapore
| | - Manoj Sharma
- Luminous Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University-NTU Singapore , 639798 Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University , Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Luminous Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University-NTU Singapore , 639798 Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University , Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Efrat Lifshitz
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
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15
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Safari M, Najafi S, Arkan E, Amani S, Shahlaei M. Facile aqueous synthesis of Ni-doped CdTe quantum dots as fluorescent probes for detecting pyrazinamide in plasma. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Halder O, Satpati B, Rajput P, Mohapatra N, Jha SN, Suffczyński J, Pacuski W, Rath S. Light Emitting Spin Active Electronic States in Ultra-Thin Mn Doped CdSe Layered Nanosheets. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1804. [PMID: 30755677 PMCID: PMC6372604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38974-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The layered nanosheets exhibit a variety of physical and optical properties originating from amalgamation of intra- and inter- layer electronic interactions, which makes them promising materials for advanced devices with varsatile controlling channels. In particular, the dilute magnetic semiconductor multilayered nanosheets have promising optical, electrical and magnetic properties that have been less explored so far. Here, the spin permissible optical properties from solvothermally grown Mn doped CdSe (thickness ~2.26 nm) multilayered nanosheets are reported on. The presence of multi-phase magnetic orderings with a sharp ferromagnetic transition at temperature ~48 K pertinent to the stabilization and co-existence of Mn2+ and Mn3+ based local phases have been observed from the (Cd,Mn)Se layered nanosheets corroborating to the x-ray absorption near edge structure, electron paramagnetic resonance, Raman scattering and magnetic measurements. The optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) studies at room temperature affirm wide array of optical properties in the visible regime corresponding to the band edge and intriguing dopant-phase mediated spin approved transitions. The circularly polarized magneto-PL and life time analysis exhibits the spin-polarized fast radiative transitions confirming the presence of spin-active electronic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Halder
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Jatni, 752 050, Khurda, India
| | - B Satpati
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700 064, India
| | - P Rajput
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - N Mohapatra
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Jatni, 752 050, Khurda, India
| | - S N Jha
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - J Suffczyński
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5 St., Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - W Pacuski
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5 St., Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - S Rath
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Jatni, 752 050, Khurda, India.
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17
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Hartstein KH, Erickson CS, Tsui EY, Marchioro A, Gamelin DR. Electron Stability and Negative-Tetron Luminescence in Free-Standing Colloidal n-Type CdSe/CdS Quantum Dots. ACS NANO 2017; 11:10430-10438. [PMID: 28915009 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We examine the effects of CdS shell growth on photochemical reduction of colloidal CdSe quantum dots (QDs) and describe the spectroscopic properties of the resulting n-type CdSe/CdS QDs. CdS shell growth greatly slows electron trapping. Because of this improvement, complete two-electron occupancy of the 1Se conduction-band orbital is achieved in CdSe/CdS QDs and found to be much more stable than in past experiments. Simultaneous photoluminescence at two different energies is now observed from QDs possessing two excess conduction-band electrons, reflecting competing recombination of discretized 1Se and 1Pe conduction-band electrons within photogenerated four-carrier negative tetrons (three electrons and one hole). Stable occupancy of the 1Pe level is not achievable under these conditions, and possible reasons are discussed. The stability and accessibility of these multielectron configurations, and the facile spectroscopic detection of negative tetrons, both make photodoped core/shell QDs attractive for exploring the physical properties of free-standing heavily n-doped colloidal CdSe-based QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly H Hartstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Christian S Erickson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Emily Y Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Arianna Marchioro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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18
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Muckel F, Barrows CJ, Graf A, Schmitz A, Erickson CS, Gamelin DR, Bacher G. Current-Induced Magnetic Polarons in a Colloidal Quantum-Dot Device. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:4768-4773. [PMID: 28653543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrical spin manipulation remains a central challenge for the realization of diverse spin-based information processing technologies. Motivated by the demonstration of confinement-enhanced sp-d exchange interactions in colloidal diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) quantum dots (QDs), such materials are considered promising candidates for future spintronic or spin-photonic applications. Despite intense research into DMS QDs, electrical control of their magnetic and magneto-optical properties remains a daunting goal. Here, we report the first demonstration of electrically induced magnetic polaron formation in any DMS, achieved by embedding Mn2+-doped CdSe/CdS core/shell QDs as the active layer in an electrical light-emitting device. Tracing the electroluminescence from cryogenic to room temperatures reveals an anomalous energy shift that reflects current-induced magnetization of the Mn2+ spin sublattice, that is, excitonic magnetic polaron formation. These electrically induced magnetic polarons exhibit an energy gain comparable to their optically excited counterparts, demonstrating that magnetic polaron formation is achievable by current injection in a solid-state device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Muckel
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University Duisburg-Essen , 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Charles J Barrows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Arthur Graf
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University Duisburg-Essen , 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmitz
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University Duisburg-Essen , 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Christian S Erickson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Gerd Bacher
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University Duisburg-Essen , 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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19
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Biadala L, Shornikova EV, Rodina AV, Yakovlev DR, Siebers B, Aubert T, Nasilowski M, Hens Z, Dubertret B, Efros AL, Bayer M. Magnetic polaron on dangling-bond spins in CdSe colloidal nanocrystals. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:569-574. [PMID: 28288118 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2017.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-magnetic colloidal nanostructures can demonstrate magnetic properties typical for diluted magnetic semiconductors because the spins of dangling bonds at their surface can act as the localized spins of magnetic ions. Here we report the observation of dangling-bond magnetic polarons (DBMPs) in 2.8-nm diameter CdSe colloidal nanocrystals (NCs). The DBMP binding energy of 7 meV is measured from the spectral shift of the emission lines under selective laser excitation. The polaron formation at low temperatures occurs by optical orientation of the dangling-bond spins (DBSs) that result from dangling-bond-assisted radiative recombination of spin-forbidden dark excitons. Modelling of the temperature dependence of the DBMP-binding energy and emission intensity shows that the DBMP is composed of a dark exciton and about 60 DBSs. The exchange integral of one DBS with the electron confined in the NC is ∼0.12 meV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Biadala
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- IEMN, CNRS, Avenue Henri Poincaré, 59491 Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
| | - Elena V Shornikova
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna V Rodina
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitri R Yakovlev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Benjamin Siebers
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tangi Aubert
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Universiteit Gent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michel Nasilowski
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 8213, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, ESPCI Paris, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Zeger Hens
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Universiteit Gent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benoit Dubertret
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 8213, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, ESPCI Paris, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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20
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Das Adhikari S, Dutta SK, Dutta A, Guria AK, Pradhan N. Chemically Tailoring the Dopant Emission in Manganese-Doped CsPbCl 3 Perovskite Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8746-8750. [PMID: 28557185 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Doping in perovskite nanocrystals adopts different mechanistic approach in comparison to widely established doping in chalcogenide quantum dots. The fast formation of perovskites makes the dopant insertions more competitive and challenging. Introducing alkylamine hydrochloride (RNH3 Cl) as a promoting reagent, precise controlled doping of MnII in CsPbCl3 perovskite nanocrystals is reported. Simply, by changing the amount of RNH3 Cl, the Mn incorporation and subsequent tuning in the excitonic as well as Mn d-d emission intensities are tailored. Investigations suggested that RNH3 Cl acted as the chlorinating source, controlled the size, and also helps in increasing the number of particles. This provided more opportunity for Mn ions to take part in reaction and occupied the appropriate lattice positions. Carrying out several reactions with varying reaction parameters, the doping conditions are optimized and the role of the promoting reagent for both doped and undoped systems are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Das Adhikari
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sumit K Dutta
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Anirban Dutta
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Amit K Guria
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Narayan Pradhan
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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21
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Das Adhikari S, Dutta SK, Dutta A, Guria AK, Pradhan N. Chemically Tailoring the Dopant Emission in Manganese-Doped CsPbCl3
Perovskite Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Das Adhikari
- Department of Materials Science; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Sumit K. Dutta
- Department of Materials Science; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Anirban Dutta
- Department of Materials Science; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Amit K. Guria
- Department of Materials Science; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Narayan Pradhan
- Department of Materials Science; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
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22
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Pradhan N, Das Adhikari S, Nag A, Sarma DD. Luminescence, Plasmonic, and Magnetic Properties of Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7038-7054. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Pradhan
- Department of Materials Science; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Samrat Das Adhikari
- Department of Materials Science; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Angshuman Nag
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, IISER; Pune 411008 India
| | - D. D. Sarma
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bengaluru 560012 India
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23
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Pradhan N, Das Adhikari S, Nag A, Sarma DD. Dotierte Halbleiter-Nanokristalle: Lumineszenz, plasmonische und magnetische Eigenschaften. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Pradhan
- Department of Materials Science; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata 700032 Indien
| | - Samrat Das Adhikari
- Department of Materials Science; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata 700032 Indien
| | - Angshuman Nag
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, IISER; Pune 411008 Indien
| | - D. D. Sarma
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bengaluru 560012 Indien
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24
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Rice WD, Liu W, Pinchetti V, Yakovlev DR, Klimov VI, Crooker SA. Direct Measurements of Magnetic Polarons in Cd 1-xMn xSe Nanocrystals from Resonant Photoluminescence. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:3068-3075. [PMID: 28388078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In semiconductors, quantum confinement can greatly enhance the interaction between band carriers (electrons and holes) and dopant atoms. One manifestation of this enhancement is the increased stability of exciton magnetic polarons in magnetically doped nanostructures. In the limit of very strong 0D confinement that is realized in colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, a single exciton can exert an effective exchange field Bex on the embedded magnetic dopants that exceeds several tesla. Here we use the very sensitive method of resonant photoluminescence (PL) to directly measure the presence and properties of exciton magnetic polarons in colloidal Cd1-xMnxSe nanocrystals. Despite small Mn2+ concentrations (x = 0.4-1.6%), large polaron binding energies up to ∼26 meV are observed at low temperatures via the substantial Stokes shift between the pump laser and the resonant PL maximum, indicating nearly complete alignment of all Mn2+ spins by Bex. Temperature and magnetic field-dependent studies reveal that Bex ≈ 10 T in these nanocrystals, in good agreement with theoretical estimates. Further, the emission line widths provide direct insight into the statistical fluctuations of the Mn2+ spins. These resonant PL studies provide detailed insight into collective magnetic phenomena, especially in lightly doped nanocrystals where conventional techniques such as nonresonant PL or time-resolved PL provide ambiguous results.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Rice
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wyoming , Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | | | - V Pinchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Via Cozzi 55, IT-20125 Milano, Italy
| | - D R Yakovlev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund , D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences , 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
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25
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Fainblat R, Barrows CJ, Hopmann E, Siebeneicher S, Vlaskin VA, Gamelin DR, Bacher G. Giant Excitonic Exchange Splittings at Zero Field in Single Colloidal CdSe Quantum Dots Doped with Individual Mn 2+ Impurities. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:6371-6377. [PMID: 27646931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Replacing a single atom of a host semiconductor nanocrystal with a functional dopant can introduce completely new properties potentially valuable for "solotronic" information-processing applications. Here, we report successful doping of colloidal CdSe quantum dots with a very small number of manganese ions-down to the ultimate limit of one. Single-particle spectroscopy reveals spectral fingerprints of the spin-spin interactions between individual dopants and quantum-dot excitons. Spectrally well-resolved emission peaks are observed that can be related to the discrete spin projections of individual Mn2+ ions. In agreement with theoretical predictions, the exchange splittings are enhanced by more than an order of magnitude in these quantum dots compared to their epitaxial counterparts, opening a path for solotronic applications at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Fainblat
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University Duisburg-Essen , Bismarckstr. 81, Duisburg, 47057 Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Charles J Barrows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Eric Hopmann
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University Duisburg-Essen , Bismarckstr. 81, Duisburg, 47057 Germany
| | - Simon Siebeneicher
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University Duisburg-Essen , Bismarckstr. 81, Duisburg, 47057 Germany
| | - Vladmir A Vlaskin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Gerd Bacher
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University Duisburg-Essen , Bismarckstr. 81, Duisburg, 47057 Germany
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26
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Muckel F, Yang J, Lorenz S, Baek W, Chang H, Hyeon T, Bacher G, Fainblat R. Digital Doping in Magic-Sized CdSe Clusters. ACS NANO 2016; 10:7135-41. [PMID: 27420556 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Magic-sized semiconductor clusters represent an exciting class of materials located at the boundary between quantum dots and molecules. It is expected that replacing single atoms of the host crystal with individual dopants in a one-by-one fashion can lead to unique modifications of the material properties. Here, we demonstrate the dependence of the magneto-optical response of (CdSe)13 clusters on the discrete number of Mn(2+) ion dopants. Using time-of-flight mass spectrometry, we are able to distinguish undoped, monodoped, and bidoped cluster species, allowing for an extraction of the relative amount of each species for a specific average doping concentration. A giant magneto-optical response is observed up to room temperature with clear evidence that exclusively monodoped clusters are magneto-optically active, whereas the Mn(2+) ions in bidoped clusters couple antiferromagnetically and are magneto-optically passive. Mn(2+)-doped clusters therefore represent a system where magneto-optical functionality is caused by solitary dopants, which might be beneficial for future solotronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Muckel
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University Duisburg-Essen , Bismarckstraße 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Jiwoong Yang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Severin Lorenz
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University Duisburg-Essen , Bismarckstraße 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Woonhyuk Baek
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hogeun Chang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gerd Bacher
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University Duisburg-Essen , Bismarckstraße 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Rachel Fainblat
- Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University Duisburg-Essen , Bismarckstraße 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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27
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Barrows CJ, Chakraborty P, Kornowske LM, Gamelin DR. Tuning Equilibrium Compositions in Colloidal Cd1-xMnxSe Nanocrystals Using Diffusion Doping and Cation Exchange. ACS NANO 2016; 10:910-918. [PMID: 26643033 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The physical properties of semiconductor nanocrystals can be tuned dramatically via composition control. Here, we report a detailed investigation of the synthesis of high-quality colloidal Cd1-xMnxSe nanocrystals by diffusion doping of preformed CdSe nanocrystals. Until recently, Cd1-xMnxSe nanocrystals proved elusive because of kinetic incompatibilities between Mn(2+) and Cd(2+) chemistries. Diffusion doping allows Cd1-xMnxSe nanocrystals to be prepared under thermodynamic rather than kinetic control, allowing access to broader composition ranges. We now investigate this chemistry as a model system for understanding the characteristics of nanocrystal diffusion doping more deeply. From the present work, a Se(2-)-limited reaction regime is identified, in which Mn(2+) diffusion into CdSe nanocrystals is gated by added Se(2-), and equilibrium compositions are proportional to the amount of added Se(2-). At large added Se(2-) concentrations, a solubility-limited regime is also identified, in which x = xmax = ∼0.31, independent of the amount of added Se(2-). We further demonstrate that Mn(2+) in-diffusion can be reversed by cation exchange with Cd(2+) under exactly the same reaction conditions, purifying Cd1-xMnxSe nanocrystals back to CdSe nanocrystals with fine tunability. These chemistries offer exceptional composition control in Cd1-xMnxSe NCs, providing opportunities for fundamental studies of impurity diffusion in nanocrystals and for development of compositionally tuned nanocrystals with diverse applications ranging from solar energy conversion to spin-based photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Barrows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Pradip Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Lindsey M Kornowske
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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