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Shin H, Hong L, Park W, Shin J, Park JB. Frequency dependence of nanorod self-alignment using microfluidic methods. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:305603. [PMID: 38636472 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad403d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis is a potential candidate for aligning nanorods on electrodes, in which the interplay between electric fields and microfluidics is critically associated with its yield. Despite much of previous work on dielectrophoresis, the impact of frequency modulation on dielectrophoresis-driven nanorod self-assembly is insufficiently understood. In this work, we systematically explore the frequency dependence of the self-alignment of silicon nanorod using a microfluidic channel. We vary the frequency from 1kHz to 1000 kHz and analyze the resulting alignments in conjunction with numerical analysis. Our experiment reveals an optimal alignment yield at approximately 100 kHz, followed by a decrease in alignment efficiency. The nanorod self-alignments are influenced by multiple consequences, including the trapping effect, induced electrical double layer, electrohydrodynamic flow, and particle detachment. This study provides insights into the impact of frequency modulation of electric fields on the alignment of silicon nanorods using dielectrophoresis, broadening its use in various future nanotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosan Shin
- Department of Applied Physics, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Lia Hong
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Woosung Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyoung Shin
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Byung Park
- Department of Applied Physics, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
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2
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Abdulhameed A, Halim MM, Halin IA. Dielectrophoretic alignment of carbon nanotubes: theory, applications, and future. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:242001. [PMID: 36921341 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acc46c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nominated to be the successor of several semiconductors and metals due to their unique physical and chemical properties. It has been concerning that the anisotropic and low controllability of CNTs impedes their adoption in commercial applications. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is known as the electrokinetics motion of polarizable nanoparticles under the influence of nonuniform electric fields. The uniqueness of this phenomenon allows DEP to be employed as a novel method to align, assemble, separate, and manipulate CNTs suspended in liquid mediums. This article begins with a brief overview of CNT structure and production, with the emphasize on their electrical properties and response to electric fields. The DEP phenomenon as a CNT alignment method is demonstrated and graphically discussed, along with its theory, procedure, and parameters. We also discussed the side forces that arise in DEP systems and how they negatively or positively affect the CNT alignment. The article concludes with a brief review of CNT-based devices fabricated using DEP, as well as the method's limitations and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohd Mahadi Halim
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia
| | - Izhal Abdul Halin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia
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3
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Issman L, Kloza PA, Terrones Portas J, Collins B, Pendashteh A, Pick M, Vilatela JJ, Elliott JA, Boies A. Highly Oriented Direct-Spun Carbon Nanotube Textiles Aligned by In Situ Radio-Frequency Fields. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9583-9597. [PMID: 35638849 PMCID: PMC9245349 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) individually exhibit exceptional physical properties, surpassing state-of-the-art bulk materials, but are used commercially primarily as additives rather than as a standalone macroscopic product. This limited use of bulk CNT materials results from the inability to harness the superb nanoscale properties of individual CNTs into macroscopic materials. CNT alignment within a textile has been proven as a critical contributor to narrow this gap. Here, we report the development of an altered direct CNT spinning method based on the floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition process, which directly interacts with the self-assembly of the CNT bundles in the gas phase. The setup is designed to apply an AC electric field to continuously align the CNTs in situ during the formation of CNT bundles and subsequent aerogel. A mesoscale CNT model developed to simulate the alignment process has shed light on the need to employ AC rather than DC fields based on a CNT stiffening effect (z-pinch) induced by a Lorentz force. The AC-aligned synthesis enables a means to control CNT bundle diameters, which broadened from 16 to 25 nm. The resulting bulk CNT textiles demonstrated an increase in the specific electrical and tensile properties (up to 90 and 460%, respectively) without modifying the quantity or quality of the CNTs, as verified by thermogravimetric analysis and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The enhanced properties were correlated to the degree of CNT alignment within the textile as quantified by small-angle X-ray scattering and scanning electron microscopy image analysis. Clear alignment (orientational order parameter = 0.5) was achieved relative to the pristine material (orientational order parameter = 0.19) at applied field intensities in the range of 0.5-1 kV cm-1 at a frequency of 13.56 MHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Issman
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp A. Kloza
- Department
of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Jeronimo Terrones Portas
- Department
of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Collins
- BSC
Associates Ltd, 2 Pilgrims
Way, Ely CB6 3DL, Cambridgeshire, U.K.
| | - Afshin Pendashteh
- IMDEA
Materials Institute, c/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe 28906, Madrid Spain
| | - Martin Pick
- Q-Flo
Limited, Buckhurst House, 42/44 Buckhurst Avenue, Sevenoaks TN13 1LZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Juan J. Vilatela
- IMDEA
Materials Institute, c/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe 28906, Madrid Spain
| | - James A. Elliott
- Department
of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Boies
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
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4
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Tailoring Vibrational Signature and Functionality of 2D-Ordered Linear-Chain Carbon-Based Nanocarriers for Predictive Performance Enhancement of High-End Energetic Materials. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071041. [PMID: 35407159 PMCID: PMC9000732 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A recently proposed, game-changing transformative energetics concept based on predictive synthesis and preprocessing at the nanoscale is considered as a pathway towards the development of the next generation of high-end nanoenergetic materials for future multimode solid propulsion systems and deep-space-capable small satellites. As a new door for the further performance enhancement of transformative energetic materials, we propose the predictive ion-assisted pulse-plasma-driven assembling of the various carbon-based allotropes, used as catalytic nanoadditives, by the 2D-ordered linear-chained carbon-based multicavity nanomatrices serving as functionalizing nanocarriers of multiple heteroatom clusters. The vacant functional nanocavities of the nanomatrices available for heteroatom doping, including various catalytic nanoagents, promote heat transfer enhancement within the reaction zones. We propose the innovative concept of fine-tuning the vibrational signatures, functionalities and nanoarchitectures of the mentioned nanocarriers by using the surface acoustic waves-assisted micro/nanomanipulation by the pulse-plasma growth zone combined with the data-driven carbon nanomaterials genome approach, which is a deep materials informatics-based toolkit belonging to the fourth scientific paradigm. For the predictive manipulation by the micro- and mesoscale, and the spatial distribution of the induction and energy release domains in the reaction zones, we propose the activation of the functionalizing nanocarriers, assembled by the heteroatom clusters, through the earlier proposed plasma-acoustic coupling-based technique, as well as by the Teslaphoresis force field, thus inducing the directed self-assembly of the mentioned nanocarbon-based additives and nanocarriers.
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5
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Pan G, Hu L, Zhang F, Chen Q. Out-of-Plane Alignment of Conjugated Semiconducting Polymers by Horizontal Rotation in a High Magnetic Field. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3476-3484. [PMID: 33792335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effective control of film morphology and molecular packing in the out-of-plane direction of semiconductor polymers plays a critical role in governing charge carrier transport in the direction perpendicular to the substrate. In this study, a highly out-of-plane alignment of the n-type polymer P(NDI2OD-T2) film has been successfully achieved by horizontal rotation in a high magnetic field (HR-HMF). The out-of-plane alignment of the P(NDI2OD-T2) film has showed a change from 72% face-on to 98.2% face-on lamellar texture as well as a 1.6-fold increase of the π-π stacking crystalline correlation length compared with that of as-cast polymer films without HR-HMF-induced alignment. Meanwhile, the film with near-perfect face-on molecular packing exhibited more than 18-fold enhancement of electron mobility compared to the unaligned film. The excellent electrical performance achieved with the HR-HMF process indicates its application potential for fabricating high-performance sandwich-type organic electronic devices, such as solar cells and light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Pan
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HMFL), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Lin Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HMFL), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- CAS Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Fapei Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HMFL), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Qianwang Chen
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HMFL), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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6
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Budiman F, Silalahi DK, Muhamad B, Fathurahman MR, Rozana M, Tanaka H. Wirelessly powered dielectrophoresis of metal oxide particles using spark-gap Tesla coil. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:2159-2165. [PMID: 33029799 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Wirelessly powered dielectrophoresis (DEP) of metal oxide particles was performed using a spark-gap Tesla coil (TC). The main contribution of this work is the simplification of the conventional DEP setup that requires attaching wires directly to the electrodes. Wireless power from the TC generates a high output frequency and voltage, which corresponds to that used for the DEP. Therefore, a spark-gap TC was built and utilized to conduct the DEP process. Metal oxides (ZnO and Fe2 O3 ) were used as targets for the assembly. The results showed that the wirelessly powered DEP technique via a TC was successful in assembling the metal oxide particles. Positive and negative DEP phenomena were observed. Positive DEP occurred during ZnO assembly, making particles chain grow 0.92 mm toward the sparks within 60 s. Negative DEP was observed during Fe2 O3 assembly, where the repulsion of particles formed a void around the sparks with a 1.45 mm radius. The mechanism of this wireless DEP system is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Budiman
- School of Electrical Engineering, Telkom University, Jl. Telekomunikasi no. 1, Bandung, West Java, 40257, Indonesia
- Research Center for Internet of Things, Telkom University, Jl. Telekomunikasi no. 1, Bandung, West Java, 40257, Indonesia
| | - Desri Kristina Silalahi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Telkom University, Jl. Telekomunikasi no. 1, Bandung, West Java, 40257, Indonesia
| | - Bagaskoro Muhamad
- School of Electrical Engineering, Telkom University, Jl. Telekomunikasi no. 1, Bandung, West Java, 40257, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Rafi Fathurahman
- School of Electrical Engineering, Telkom University, Jl. Telekomunikasi no. 1, Bandung, West Java, 40257, Indonesia
| | - Monna Rozana
- Research Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesia Institute of Science, Jl. Sangkuriang - Komplek LIPI, Bandung, West Java, 40135, Indonesia
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
- Research Center for Neuromorphic AI Hardware, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
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7
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Talebian S, Mehrali M, Taebnia N, Pennisi CP, Kadumudi FB, Foroughi J, Hasany M, Nikkhah M, Akbari M, Orive G, Dolatshahi‐Pirouz A. Self-Healing Hydrogels: The Next Paradigm Shift in Tissue Engineering? ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801664. [PMID: 31453048 PMCID: PMC6702654 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Given their durability and long-term stability, self-healable hydrogels have, in the past few years, emerged as promising replacements for the many brittle hydrogels currently being used in preclinical or clinical trials. To this end, the incompatibility between hydrogel toughness and rapid self-healing remains unaddressed, and therefore most of the self-healable hydrogels still face serious challenges within the dynamic and mechanically demanding environment of human organs/tissues. Furthermore, depending on the target tissue, the self-healing hydrogels must comply with a wide range of properties including electrical, biological, and mechanical. Notably, the incorporation of nanomaterials into double-network hydrogels is showing great promise as a feasible way to generate self-healable hydrogels with the above-mentioned attributes. Here, the recent progress in the development of multifunctional and self-healable hydrogels for various tissue engineering applications is discussed in detail. Their potential applications within the rapidly expanding areas of bioelectronic hydrogels, cyborganics, and soft robotics are further highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Talebian
- Intelligent Polymer Research InstituteARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials ScienceAIIM FacilityUniversity of WollongongNSW2522Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia
| | - Mehdi Mehrali
- DTU NanotechCenter for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of BiopharmaceuticalsTechnical University of DenmarkLyngby2800KgsDenmark
| | - Nayere Taebnia
- DTU NanotechCenter for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of BiopharmaceuticalsTechnical University of DenmarkLyngby2800KgsDenmark
| | - Cristian Pablo Pennisi
- Laboratory for Stem Cell ResearchDepartment of Health Science and TechnologyAalborg UniversityFredrik Bajers vej 3B9220AalborgDenmark
| | - Firoz Babu Kadumudi
- DTU NanotechCenter for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of BiopharmaceuticalsTechnical University of DenmarkLyngby2800KgsDenmark
| | - Javad Foroughi
- Intelligent Polymer Research InstituteARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials ScienceAIIM FacilityUniversity of WollongongNSW2522Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia
| | - Masoud Hasany
- DTU NanotechCenter for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of BiopharmaceuticalsTechnical University of DenmarkLyngby2800KgsDenmark
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- School of Biological Health and Systems Engineering (SBHSE)Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in MicroEngineering (LiME)Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBCV8P 5C2Canada
- Center for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of Victoria3800VictoriaCanada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related TechnologiesUniversity of Victoria3800VictoriaCanada
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel GroupLaboratory of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUPaseo de la Universidad 701006Vitoria‐GasteizSpain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in BioengineeringBiomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN)Vitoria‐Gasteiz28029Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology – UIRMI (UPV/EHU‐Fundación Eduardo Anitua)Vitoria01007Spain
- BTI Biotechnology InstituteVitoria01007Spain
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi‐Pirouz
- DTU NanotechCenter for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of BiopharmaceuticalsTechnical University of DenmarkLyngby2800KgsDenmark
- Department of Dentistry‐Regenerative BiomaterialsRadboud University Medical CenterPhilips van Leydenlaan 25Nijmegen6525EXThe Netherlands
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8
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Abdulhameed A, Abdul Halin I, Mohtar MN, Hamidon MN. The role of medium on the assembly of carbon nanotube by dielectrophoresis. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2019.1631841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Abdulhameed
- Micro and Nano Electronic Systems (MiNES) Unit, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hadhramout University , Mukalla , Yemen
| | - Izhal Abdul Halin
- Micro and Nano Electronic Systems (MiNES) Unit, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nazim Mohtar
- Micro and Nano Electronic Systems (MiNES) Unit, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
- Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nizar Hamidon
- Micro and Nano Electronic Systems (MiNES) Unit, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
- Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang, Malaysia
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9
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Current Review on Synthesis, Composites and Multifunctional Properties of Graphene. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2019; 377:10. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-019-0235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Liu L, Chen K, Xiang N, Ni Z. Dielectrophoretic manipulation of nanomaterials: A review. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:873-889. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments; Southeast University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments; Southeast University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments; Southeast University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments; Southeast University; Nanjing P. R. China
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11
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McFarland FM, Liu X, Zhang S, Tang K, Kreis NK, Gu X, Guo S. Electric field induced assembly of macroscopic fibers of poly(3-hexylthiophene). POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Luo B, Smith JW, Wu Z, Kim J, Ou Z, Chen Q. Polymerization-Like Co-Assembly of Silver Nanoplates and Patchy Spheres. ACS NANO 2017; 11:7626-7633. [PMID: 28715193 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly anisometric nanoparticles have distinctive mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties and are therefore appealing candidates for use as self-assembly building blocks. Here, we demonstrate that ultra-anisometric nanoplates, which have a nanoscale thickness but a micrometer-scale edge length, offer many material design capabilities. In particular, we show that these nanoplates "copolymerize" in a predictable way with patchy spheres (Janus and triblock particles) into one- and two-dimensional structures with tunable architectural properties. We find that, on the pathway to these structures, nanoplates assemble into chains following the kinetics of molecular step-growth polymerization. In the same mechanistic framework, patchy spheres control the size distribution and morphology of assembled structures, by behaving as monofunctional chain stoppers or multifunctional branch points during nanoplate polymerization. In addition, both the lattice constant and the stiffness of the nanoplate assemblies can be manipulated after assembly. We see highly anisometric nanoplates as one representative of a broader class of dual length-scale nanoparticles, with the potential to enrich the library of structures and properties available to the nanoparticle self-assembly toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - John W Smith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Zixuan Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Juyeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Zihao Ou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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13
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Sikkema WKA, Metzger AB, Wang T, Tour JM. Physical and electrical characterization of TexasPEG: An electrically conductive neuronal scaffold. Surg Neurol Int 2017; 8:84. [PMID: 28607818 PMCID: PMC5461561 DOI: 10.4103/sni.sni_361_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graphene and its derivatives have been shown to be biocompatible and electrically active materials upon which neurons readily grow. The fusogen poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been shown to improve outcomes after cervical and dorsal spinal cord transection. The long and narrow PEGylated graphene nanoribbon stacks (PEG-GNRs) with their 5 μm × 200 nm × 10 nm dimensions can provide a scaffold upon which neurons can grow and fuse. We disclose here the extensive characterization data for the PEG-GNRs. METHODS PEG-GNRs were chemically synthesized and chemically and electrically characterized. RESULTS The average aspect ratio of the PEG-GNRs was determined to be ~85, which corresponds to a critical percolation value (the point where insulating material becomes conductive by addition of conductive particles) of 1%. However, there was not a sharp increase in AC conductivity at frequencies relevant to action potentials. CONCLUSION A robust characterization of PEG-GNRs is discussed, though the precise origin of efficacy in improving outcomes following spinal cord transection is not known.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James M. Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- The NanoCarbon Center, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Material Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
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14
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Lin F, Zhu Z, Zhou X, Qiu W, Niu C, Hu J, Dahal K, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Ren Z, Litvinov D, Liu Z, Wang ZM, Bao J. Orientation Control of Graphene Flakes by Magnetic Field: Broad Device Applications of Macroscopically Aligned Graphene. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 27862419 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Owing to a large diamagnetism, graphene flakes can respond and be aligned to magnetic field like a ferromagnetic material. Aligned graphene flakes exhibit emergent properties approaching single-layer graphene. Anisotropic optical properties also give rise to a magnetic writing board using graphene suspension and a bar magnet as a pen. This simple alignment technique opens up enormous applications of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Zhuan Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Xufeng Zhou
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
| | - Wenlan Qiu
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Chao Niu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Jonathan Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Keshab Dahal
- Department of Physics and TcSUH, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Yanan Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Zhenhuan Zhao
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Zhifeng Ren
- Department of Physics and TcSUH, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Dimitri Litvinov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China
| | - Jiming Bao
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
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Li P, Zhang J. Preparation of Horizontal Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Arrays. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:85. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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