1
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Wang L, Yi Z, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Wang S. Stretchable conductors for stretchable field-effect transistors and functional circuits. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:795-835. [PMID: 36562312 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00837h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics have received intense attention due to their broad application prospects in many areas, and can withstand large deformations and form close contact with curved surfaces. Stretchable conductors are vital components of stretchable electronic devices used in wearables, soft robots, and human-machine interactions. Recent advances in stretchable conductors have motivated basic scientific and technological research efforts. Here, we outline and analyse the development of stretchable conductors in transistors and circuits, and examine advances in materials, device engineering, and preparation technologies. We divide the existing approaches to constructing stretchable transistors with stretchable conductors into the following two types: geometric engineering and intrinsic stretchability engineering. Finally, we consider the challenges and outlook in this field for delivering stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengran Yi
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
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2
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Kim MH, Jeong MW, Kim JS, Nam TU, Vo NTP, Jin L, Lee TI, Oh JY. Mechanically robust stretchable semiconductor metallization for skin-inspired organic transistors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade2988. [PMID: 36542706 PMCID: PMC9770969 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent remarkable advances in stretchable organic thin-film field-effect transistors (OTFTs), the development of stretchable metallization remains a challenge. Here, we report a highly stretchable and robust metallization on an elastomeric semiconductor film based on metal-elastic semiconductor intermixing. We found that vaporized silver (Ag) atom with higher diffusivity than other noble metals (Au and Cu) forms a continuous intermixing layer during thermal evaporation, enabling highly stretchable metallization. The Ag metallization maintains a high conductivity (>104 S/cm) even under 100% strain and successfully preserves its conductivity without delamination even after 10,000 stretching cycles at 100% strain and several adhesive tape tests. Moreover, a native silver oxide layer formed on the intermixed Ag clusters facilitates efficient hole injection into the elastomeric semiconductor, which transcends previously reported stretchable source and drain electrodes for OTFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hyouk Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Min Woo Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Jun Su Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Tae Uk Nam
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Ngoc Thanh Phuong Vo
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Lihua Jin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tae Il Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, Seong-nam, Gyeonggi 13120, Korea
| | - Jin Young Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
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3
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High density integration of stretchable inorganic thin film transistors with excellent performance and reliability. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4963. [PMID: 36002441 PMCID: PMC9402572 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32672-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Transistors with inorganic semiconductors have superior performance and reliability compared to organic transistors. However, they are unfavorable for building stretchable electronic products due to their brittle nature. Because of this drawback, they have mostly been placed on non-stretchable parts to avoid mechanical strain, burdening the deformable interconnects, which link these rigid parts, with the strain of the entire system. Integration density must therefore be sacrificed when stretchability is the first priority because the portion of stretchable wirings should be raised. In this study, we show high density integration of oxide thin film transistors having excellent performance and reliability by directly embedding the devices into stretchable serpentine strings to defeat such trade-off. The embedded transistors do not hide from deformation and endure strain up to 100% by themselves; thus, integration density can be enhanced without sacrificing the stretchability. We expect that our approach can create more compact stretchable electronics with high-end functionality than before. Transistors with inorganic semiconductors have superior performance than organics. However, they are brittle and thus unfavorable for building deformable electronics. Here, authors directly embed such inorganic thin film transistors into serpentine strings to realize highly stretchable and miniaturized electronic circuits.
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4
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Wang Y, Zhou Y, Xia Z, Zhou W, Zhang M, Yeung FSY, Wong M, Kwok HS, Zhang S, Lu L. Compact Integration of Hydrogen–Resistant a–InGaZnO and Poly–Si Thin–Film Transistors. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13060839. [PMID: 35744453 PMCID: PMC9227547 DOI: 10.3390/mi13060839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The low–temperature poly–Si oxide (LTPO) backplane is realized by monolithically integrating low–temperature poly–Si (LTPS) and amorphous oxide semiconductor (AOS) thin–film transistors (TFTs) in the same display backplane. The LTPO–enabled dynamic refreshing rate can significantly reduce the display’s power consumption. However, the essential hydrogenation of LTPS would seriously deteriorate AOS TFTs by increasing the population of channel defects and carriers. Hydrogen (H) diffusion barriers were comparatively investigated to reduce the H content in amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide (a–IGZO). Moreover, the intrinsic H–resistance of a–IGZO was impressively enhanced by plasma treatments, such as fluorine and nitrous oxide. Enabled by the suppressed H conflict, a novel AOS/LTPS integration structure was tested by directly stacking the H–resistant a–IGZO on poly–Si TFT, dubbed metal–oxide–on–Si (MOOS). The noticeably shrunken layout footprint could support much higher resolution and pixel density for next–generation displays, especially AR and VR displays. Compared to the conventional LTPO circuits, the more compact MOOS circuits exhibited similar characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Wang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yuheng Zhou
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zhihe Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics and Technologies, Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Z.X.); (W.Z.); (F.S.Y.Y.); (M.W.); (H.S.K.)
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics and Technologies, Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Z.X.); (W.Z.); (F.S.Y.Y.); (M.W.); (H.S.K.)
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Fion Sze Yan Yeung
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics and Technologies, Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Z.X.); (W.Z.); (F.S.Y.Y.); (M.W.); (H.S.K.)
| | - Man Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics and Technologies, Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Z.X.); (W.Z.); (F.S.Y.Y.); (M.W.); (H.S.K.)
| | - Hoi Sing Kwok
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics and Technologies, Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Z.X.); (W.Z.); (F.S.Y.Y.); (M.W.); (H.S.K.)
| | - Shengdong Zhang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Gaviria Rojas WA, Hersam MC. Chirality-Enriched Carbon Nanotubes for Next-Generation Computing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905654. [PMID: 32255238 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
For the past half century, silicon has served as the primary material platform for integrated circuit technology. However, the recent proliferation of nontraditional electronics, such as wearables, embedded systems, and low-power portable devices, has led to increasingly complex mechanical and electrical performance requirements. Among emerging electronic materials, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are promising candidates for next-generation computing as a result of their superlative electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. Moreover, their chirality-dependent properties enable a wide range of emerging electronic applications including sub-10 nm complementary field-effect transistors, optoelectronic integrated circuits, and enantiomer-recognition sensors. Here, recent progress in SWCNT-based computing devices is reviewed, with an emphasis on the relationship between chirality enrichment and electronic functionality. In particular, after highlighting chirality-dependent SWCNT properties and chirality enrichment methods, the range of computing applications that have been demonstrated using chirality-enriched SWCNTs are summarized. By identifying remaining challenges and opportunities, this work provides a roadmap for next-generation SWCNT-based computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Gaviria Rojas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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6
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Wang J, Lei T. Separation of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes Using Conjugated Polymer Wrapping. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1548. [PMID: 32668780 PMCID: PMC7407812 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been explored for electronic applications because of their high charge carrier mobility, low-temperature solution processability and mechanical flexibility. Semiconducting SWNTs (s-SWNTs) are also considered an alternative to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. However, large-scale, as-produced SWNTs have poor solubility, and they are mixtures of metallic SWNTs (m-SWNTs) and s-SWNTs, which limits their practical applications. Conjugated polymer wrapping is a promising method to disperse and separate s-SWNTs, due to its high selectivity, high separation yield and simplicity of operation. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of the conjugated polymer wrapping method, and discuss possible separation mechanisms for s-SWNTs. We also discuss various parameters that may affect the selectivity and sorting yield. Finally, some electronic applications of polymer-sorted s-SWNTs are introduced. The aim of this review is to provide polymer chemist a basic concept of polymer based SWNT separation, as well as some polymer design strategies, influential factors and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting Lei
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
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7
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Zhao C, Jia X, Shu K, Yu C, Min Y, Wang C. Stretchability enhancement of buckled polypyrrole electrodes for stretchable supercapacitors via engineering substrate surface roughness. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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8
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Cao PF, Li B, Yang G, Zhao S, Townsend J, Xing K, Qiang Z, Vogiatzis KD, Sokolov AP, Nanda J, Saito T. Elastic Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolytes: Toward a Versatile Approach for Intrinsically Stretchable Functional Polymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Cao
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Bingrui Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Guang Yang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jacob Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Kunyue Xing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | | | - Alexei P. Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jagjit Nanda
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Tomonori Saito
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
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9
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Sim K, Rao Z, Ershad F, Yu C. Rubbery Electronics Fully Made of Stretchable Elastomeric Electronic Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902417. [PMID: 31206819 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics outperform existing rigid and bulky electronics and benefit a wide range of species, including humans, machines, and robots, whose activities are associated with large mechanical deformation and strain. Due to the nonstretchable nature of most electronic materials, in particular semiconductors, stretchable electronics are mostly realized through the strategies of architectural engineering to accommodate mechanical stretching rather than imposing strain into the materials directly. On the other hand, recent development of stretchable electronics by creating them entirely from stretchable elastomeric electronic materials, i.e., rubbery electronics, suggests a feasible a venue. Rubbery electronics have gained increasing interest due to the unique advantages that they and their associated manufacturing technologies have offered. This work reviews the recent progress in developing rubbery electronics, including the crucial stretchable elastomeric materials of rubbery conductors, rubbery semiconductors, and rubbery dielectrics. Thereafter, various rubbery electronics such as rubbery transistors, integrated electronics, rubbery optoelectronic devices, and rubbery sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoseung Sim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Zhoulyu Rao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Faheem Ershad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
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10
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Arias DH, Sulas-Kern DB, Hart SM, Kang HS, Hao J, Ihly R, Johnson JC, Blackburn JL, Ferguson AJ. Effect of nanotube coupling on exciton transport in polymer-free monochiral semiconducting carbon nanotube networks. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:21196-21206. [PMID: 31663591 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07821e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) are attractive light-harvesting components for solar photoconversion schemes and architectures, and selective polymer extraction has emerged as a powerful route to obtain highly pure s-SWCNT samples for electronic applications. Here we demonstrate a novel method for producing electronically coupled thin films of near-monochiral s-SWCNTs without wrapping polymer. Detailed steady-state and transient optical studies on such samples provide new insights into the role of the wrapping polymer on controlling intra-bundle nanotube-nanotube interactions and exciton energy transfer within and between bundles. Complete removal of polymer from the networks results in rapid exciton trapping within nanotube bundles, limiting long-range exciton transport. The results suggest that intertube electronic coupling and associated exciton delocalization across multiple tubes can limit diffusive exciton transport. The complex relationship observed here between exciton delocalization, trapping, and long-range transport, helps to inform the design, preparation, and implementation of carbon nanotube networks as active elements for optical and electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan H Arias
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
| | - Dana B Sulas-Kern
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Stephanie M Hart
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
| | - Hyun Suk Kang
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
| | - Ji Hao
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
| | - Rachelle Ihly
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
| | - Justin C Johnson
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
| | - Jeffrey L Blackburn
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Andrew J Ferguson
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
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11
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Kim K, Park YG, Hyun BG, Choi M, Park JU. Recent Advances in Transparent Electronics with Stretchable Forms. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804690. [PMID: 30556173 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Advances in materials science and the desire for next-generation electronics have driven the development of stretchable and transparent electronics in the past decade. Novel applications, such as smart contact lenses and wearable sensors, have been introduced with stretchable and transparent form factors, requiring a deeper and wider exploration of materials and fabrication processes. In this regard, many research efforts have been dedicated to the development of mechanically stretchable, optically transparent materials and devices. Recent advances in stretchable and transparent electronics are discussed herein, with special emphasis on the development of stretchable and transparent materials, including substrates and electrodes. Several representative examples of applications enabled by stretchable and transparent electronics are presented, including sensors, smart contact lenses, heaters, and neural interfaces. The current challenges and opportunities for each type of stretchable and transparent electronics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kukjoo Kim
- Nano Science Technology Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Geun Park
- Nano Science Technology Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Gwan Hyun
- Nano Science Technology Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Choi
- Nano Science Technology Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Ung Park
- Nano Science Technology Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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12
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Qiu S, Wu K, Gao B, Li L, Jin H, Li Q. Solution-Processing of High-Purity Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Electronics Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1800750. [PMID: 30062782 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High-purity semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) are of paramount significance for the construction of next-generation electronics. Until now, a number of elaborate sorting and purification techniques for s-SWCNTs have been developed, among which solution-based sorting methods show unique merits in the scale production, high purity, and large-area film formation. Here, the recent progress in the solution processing of s-SWCNTs and their application in electronic devices is systematically reviewed. First, the solution-based sorting and purification of s-SWCNTs are described, and particular attention is paid to the recent advance in the conjugated polymer-based sorting strategy. Subsequently, the solution-based deposition and morphology control of a s-SWCNT thin film on a surface are introduced, which focus on the strategies for network formation and alignment of SWCNTs. Then, the recent advances in electronic devices based on s-SWCNTs are reviewed with emphasis on nanoscale s-SWCNTs' high-performance integrated circuits and s-SWCNT-based thin-film transistors (TFT) array and circuits. Lastly, the existing challenges and development trends for the s-SWCNTs and electronic devices are briefly discussed. The aim is to provide some useful information and inspiration for the sorting and purification of s-SWCNTs, as well as the construction of electronic devices with s-SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Kunjie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Bing Gao
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P.R. China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Hehua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
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13
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Wang C, Xia K, Wang H, Liang X, Yin Z, Zhang Y. Advanced Carbon for Flexible and Wearable Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1801072. [PMID: 30300444 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and wearable electronics are attracting wide attention due to their potential applications in wearable human health monitoring and care systems. Carbon materials have combined superiorities such as good electrical conductivity, intrinsic and structural flexibility, light weight, high chemical and thermal stability, ease of chemical functionalization, as well as potential mass production, enabling them to be promising candidate materials for flexible and wearable electronics. Consequently, great efforts are devoted to the controlled fabrication of carbon materials with rationally designed structures for applications in next-generation electronics. Herein, the latest advances in the rational design and controlled fabrication of carbon materials toward applications in flexible and wearable electronics are reviewed. Various carbon materials (carbon nanotubes, graphene, natural-biomaterial-derived carbon, etc.) with controlled micro/nanostructures and designed macroscopic morphologies for high-performance flexible electronics are introduced. The fabrication strategies, working mechanism, performance, and applications of carbon-based flexible devices are reviewed and discussed, including strain/pressure sensors, temperature/humidity sensors, electrochemical sensors, flexible conductive electrodes/wires, and flexible power devices. Furthermore, the integration of multiple devices toward multifunctional wearable systems is briefly reviewed. Finally, the existing challenges and future opportunities in this field are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Kailun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Yin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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14
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Ray TR, Choi J, Bandodkar AJ, Krishnan S, Gutruf P, Tian L, Ghaffari R, Rogers JA. Bio-Integrated Wearable Systems: A Comprehensive Review. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5461-5533. [PMID: 30689360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bio-integrated wearable systems can measure a broad range of biophysical, biochemical, and environmental signals to provide critical insights into overall health status and to quantify human performance. Recent advances in material science, chemical analysis techniques, device designs, and assembly methods form the foundations for a uniquely differentiated type of wearable technology, characterized by noninvasive, intimate integration with the soft, curved, time-dynamic surfaces of the body. This review summarizes the latest advances in this emerging field of "bio-integrated" technologies in a comprehensive manner that connects fundamental developments in chemistry, material science, and engineering with sensing technologies that have the potential for widespread deployment and societal benefit in human health care. An introduction to the chemistries and materials for the active components of these systems contextualizes essential design considerations for sensors and associated platforms that appear in following sections. The subsequent content highlights the most advanced biosensors, classified according to their ability to capture biophysical, biochemical, and environmental information. Additional sections feature schemes for electrically powering these sensors and strategies for achieving fully integrated, wireless systems. The review concludes with an overview of key remaining challenges and a summary of opportunities where advances in materials chemistry will be critically important for continued progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Ray
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Jungil Choi
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Amay J Bandodkar
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Siddharth Krishnan
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arizona Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Limei Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - John A Rogers
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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Son D, Bao Z. Nanomaterials in Skin-Inspired Electronics: Toward Soft and Robust Skin-like Electronic Nanosystems. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11731-11739. [PMID: 30460841 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Skin-inspired wearable electronic/biomedical systems based on functional nanomaterials with exceptional electrical and mechanical properties have revolutionized wearable applications, such as portable Internet of Things, personalized healthcare monitors, human-machine interfaces, and even always-connected precise medicine systems. Despite these advancements, including the ability to predict and to control nanolevel phenomena of functional nanomaterials precisely and strategies for integrating nanomaterials onto desired substrates without performance losses, skin-inspired electronic nanosystems are not yet feasible beyond proof-of-concept devices. In this Perspective, we provide an outlook on skin-like electronics through the review of several recent reports on various materials strategies and integration methodologies of stretchable conducting and semiconducting nanomaterials, which are used as electrodes and active layers in stretchable sensors, transistors, multiplexed arrays, and integrated circuits. To overcome the challenge of realizing robust electronic nanosystems, we discuss using nanomaterials in dynamically cross-linked polymer matrices, focusing on the latest innovations in stretchable self-healing electronics, which could change the paradigm of wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Son
- Biomedical Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02791 , South Korea
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305-5025 , United States
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Herbert R, Kim JH, Kim YS, Lee HM, Yeo WH. Soft Material-Enabled, Flexible Hybrid Electronics for Medicine, Healthcare, and Human-Machine Interfaces. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E187. [PMID: 29364861 PMCID: PMC5848884 DOI: 10.3390/ma11020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Flexible hybrid electronics (FHE), designed in wearable and implantable configurations, have enormous applications in advanced healthcare, rapid disease diagnostics, and persistent human-machine interfaces. Soft, contoured geometries and time-dynamic deformation of the targeted tissues require high flexibility and stretchability of the integrated bioelectronics. Recent progress in developing and engineering soft materials has provided a unique opportunity to design various types of mechanically compliant and deformable systems. Here, we summarize the required properties of soft materials and their characteristics for configuring sensing and substrate components in wearable and implantable devices and systems. Details of functionality and sensitivity of the recently developed FHE are discussed with the application areas in medicine, healthcare, and machine interactions. This review concludes with a discussion on limitations of current materials, key requirements for next generation materials, and new application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Herbert
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA.
| | - Yun Soung Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Hye Moon Lee
- Functional Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 797 Changwondaero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, Gyeongnam 641-831, Korea.
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
- Center for Flexible Electronics, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Bioengineering Program, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Neural Engineering Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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