1
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Zimnicka MM. Structural studies of supramolecular complexes and assemblies by ion mobility mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:526-559. [PMID: 37260128 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in instrumentation and development of computational strategies for ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) studies have contributed to an extensive growth in the application of this analytical technique to comprehensive structural description of supramolecular systems. Apart from the benefits of IM-MS for interrogation of intrinsic properties of noncovalent aggregates in the experimental gas-phase environment, its merits for the description of native structural aspects, under the premises of having maintained the noncovalent interactions innate upon the ionization process, have attracted even more attention and gained increasing interest in the scientific community. Thus, various types of supramolecular complexes and assemblies relevant for biological, medical, material, and environmental sciences have been characterized so far by IM-MS supported by computational chemistry. This review covers the state-of-the-art in this field and discusses experimental methods and accompanying computational approaches for assessing the reliable three-dimensional structural elucidation of supramolecular complexes and assemblies by IM-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M Zimnicka
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Nagy K, Gellén G, Papp D, Schlosser G, Révész Á. Optimum collision energies for proteomics: The impact of ion mobility separation. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2023; 58:e4957. [PMID: 37415399 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a widespread separation technique used in various research fields. It can be coupled to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods providing an additional separation dimension. During IMS, ions are subjected to multiple collisions with buffer gas, which may cause significant ion heating. The present project addresses this phenomenon from the bottom-up proteomics point of view. We performed LC-MS/MS measurements on a cyclic ion mobility mass spectrometer with varied collision energy (CE) settings both with and without IMS. We investigated the CE dependence of identification score, using Byonic search engine, for more than 1000 tryptic peptides from HeLa digest standard. We determined the optimal CE values-giving the highest identification score-for both setups (i.e., with and without IMS). Results show that lower CE is advantageous when IMS separation is applied, by 6.3 V on average. This value belongs to the one-cycle separation configuration, and multiple cycles may supposedly have even larger impact. The effect of IMS is also reflected in the trends of optimal CE values versus m/z functions. The parameters suggested by the manufacturer were found to be almost optimal for the setup without IMS; on the other hand, they are obviously too high with IMS. Practical consideration on setting up a mass spectrometric platform hyphenated to IMS is also presented. Furthermore, the two CID (collision induced dissociation) fragmentation cells of the instrument-located before and after the IMS cell-were also compared, and we found that CE adjustment is needed when the trap cell is used for activation instead of the transfer cell. Data have been deposited in the MassIVE repository (MSV000090944).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Nagy
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Gellén
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Dávid Papp
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Révész
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
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3
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Pfrunder MC, Marshall DL, Poad BLJ, Stovell EG, Loomans BI, Blinco JP, Blanksby SJ, McMurtrie JC, Mullen KM. Exploring the Gas-Phase Formation and Chemical Reactivity of Highly Reduced M 8 L 6 Coordination Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212710. [PMID: 36102176 PMCID: PMC9827999 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Coordination cages with well-defined cavities show great promise in the field of catalysis on account of their unique combination of molecular confinement effects and transition-metal redox chemistry. Here, three coordination cages are reduced from their native 16+ oxidation state to the 2+ state in the gas phase without observable structural degradation. Using this method, the reaction rate constants for each reduction step were determined, with no noticeable differences arising following either the incorporation of a C60 -fullerene guest or alteration of the cage chemical structure. The reactivity of highly reduced cage species toward molecular oxygen is "switched-on" after a threshold number of reduction steps, which is influenced by guest molecules and the structure of cage components. These new experimental approaches provide a unique window to explore the chemistry of highly-reduced cage species that can be modulated by altering their structures and encapsulated guest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Pfrunder
- Centre for Materials Science (CFMS)Queensland University of Technology (QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQueensland4000Australia,School of Chemistry and PhysicsQueensland University of Technology2 George StreetBrisbaneQueensland4000Australia
| | - David L. Marshall
- Centre for Materials Science (CFMS)Queensland University of Technology (QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQueensland4000Australia,Central Analytical Research Facility (CARF)Queensland University of Technology2 George StreetBrisbaneQueensland4000Australia
| | - Berwyck L. J. Poad
- Centre for Materials Science (CFMS)Queensland University of Technology (QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQueensland4000Australia,School of Chemistry and PhysicsQueensland University of Technology2 George StreetBrisbaneQueensland4000Australia,Central Analytical Research Facility (CARF)Queensland University of Technology2 George StreetBrisbaneQueensland4000Australia
| | - Ethan G. Stovell
- School of Chemistry and PhysicsQueensland University of Technology2 George StreetBrisbaneQueensland4000Australia
| | - Benjamin I. Loomans
- Centre for Materials Science (CFMS)Queensland University of Technology (QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQueensland4000Australia,School of Chemistry and PhysicsQueensland University of Technology2 George StreetBrisbaneQueensland4000Australia
| | - James P. Blinco
- Centre for Materials Science (CFMS)Queensland University of Technology (QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQueensland4000Australia,School of Chemistry and PhysicsQueensland University of Technology2 George StreetBrisbaneQueensland4000Australia
| | - Stephen J. Blanksby
- Centre for Materials Science (CFMS)Queensland University of Technology (QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQueensland4000Australia,School of Chemistry and PhysicsQueensland University of Technology2 George StreetBrisbaneQueensland4000Australia,Central Analytical Research Facility (CARF)Queensland University of Technology2 George StreetBrisbaneQueensland4000Australia
| | - John C. McMurtrie
- Centre for Materials Science (CFMS)Queensland University of Technology (QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQueensland4000Australia,School of Chemistry and PhysicsQueensland University of Technology2 George StreetBrisbaneQueensland4000Australia
| | - Kathleen M. Mullen
- Centre for Materials Science (CFMS)Queensland University of Technology (QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQueensland4000Australia,School of Chemistry and PhysicsQueensland University of Technology2 George StreetBrisbaneQueensland4000Australia
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4
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Ibáñez S, Vicent C, Peris E. Clippane: A Mechanically Interlocked Molecule (MIM) Based on Molecular Tweezers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ibáñez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón Spain
| | - Cristian Vicent
- Servei Central d'Instrumentació Científica (SCIC) Universitat, Jaume I Avda. Sos Baynat s/n 12006 Castellón Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón Spain
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5
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Ibáñez S, Vicent C, Peris E. Clippane: A Mechanically Interlocked Molecule (MIM) Based on Molecular Tweezers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112513. [PMID: 34633757 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study we report the preparation of a new mechanically interlocked molecule formed by the self-aggregation of two metallotweezers composed by two pyrene-imidazolylidene gold(I) arms and a pyridine-centered pentacyclic bis-alkynyl linker. The mechanically interlocked nature of this molecule arises from the presence of the bulky tert-butyl groups attached to the sides of the pyrene moieties of the arms of the tweezer, which act as stoppers avoiding the dissociation of the self-aggregated metallotweezer dimer once it is formed. By combining experimental techniques, we were able to confirm the mechanically interlocked nature of this molecule in solution, in the gas phase and in the solid state. The behavior of the tert-butyl substituted tweezer differs greatly form that shown by the tweezer lacking of these bulky groups, whose dimeric structure is in equilibrium with the monomeric structure, therefore not showing any mechanical coercion that avoids the disassembly of the self-aggregated structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ibáñez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Cristian Vicent
- Servei Central d'Instrumentació Científica (SCIC), Universitat, Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12006, Castellón, Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
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6
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Vicent C, Valls A, Escorihuela J, Altava B, Luis S. Unveiling anion-induced folding in tripodal imidazolium receptors by ion-mobility mass spectrometry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8616-8619. [PMID: 34369516 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02818a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The anion-induced folding of tripodal imidazolium receptors has been investigated by NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization ion mobility mass spectrometry and DFT calculations. Such folding can be switched by anion release upon collision induced dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Vicent
- Servei Central d'Instrumentació Científica (SCIC), Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12006 Castellón, Spain.
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7
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Lloyd Williams OH, Rijs NJ. Reaction Monitoring and Structural Characterisation of Coordination Driven Self-Assembled Systems by Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. Front Chem 2021; 9:682743. [PMID: 34169059 PMCID: PMC8217442 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.682743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature creates exquisite molecular assemblies, required for the molecular-level functions of life, via self-assembly. Understanding and harnessing these complex processes presents an immense opportunity for the design and fabrication of advanced functional materials. However, the significant industrial potential of self-assembly to fabricate highly functional materials is hampered by a lack of knowledge of critical reaction intermediates, mechanisms, and kinetics. As we move beyond the covalent synthetic regime, into the domain of non-covalent interactions occupied by self-assembly, harnessing and embracing complexity is a must, and non-targeted analyses of dynamic systems are becoming increasingly important. Coordination driven self-assembly is an important subtype of self-assembly that presents several wicked analytical challenges. These challenges are "wicked" due the very complexity desired confounding the analysis of products, intermediates, and pathways, therefore limiting reaction optimisation, tuning, and ultimately, utility. Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry solves many of the most challenging analytical problems in separating and analysing the structure of both simple and complex species formed via coordination driven self-assembly. Thus, due to the emerging importance of ion mobility mass spectrometry as an analytical technique tackling complex systems, this review highlights exciting recent applications. These include equilibrium monitoring, structural and dynamic analysis of previously analytically inaccessible complex interlinked structures and the process of self-sorting. The vast and largely untapped potential of ion mobility mass spectrometry to coordination driven self-assembly is yet to be fully realised. Therefore, we also propose where current analytical approaches can be built upon to allow for greater insight into the complexity and structural dynamics involved in self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole J. Rijs
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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8
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Polewski L, Springer A, Pagel K, Schalley CA. Gas-Phase Structural Analysis of Supramolecular Assemblies. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2445-2456. [PMID: 33900743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry and gas-phase IR action spectroscopy are two structure-sensitive mass-spectrometric methods becoming more popular recently. While ion mobility spectrometry provides collision cross sections as a size and shape dependent parameter of an ion of interest, gas-phase spectroscopy identifies functional groups and is capable of distinguishing different isomers. Both methods have recently found application for the investigation of supramolecular assemblies. We here highlight several aspects.Starting with the characterization of switching states in azobenzene photoswitches as well as redox-switchable lasso-type pseudorotaxanes, structures of isomers can be distinguished and mechanistic details analyzed. Ion mobility mass spectrometry in combination with gas-phase H/D-exchange reactions unravels subtle structural details as described for the chiral recognition of crown ether amino acid complexes. Gas-phase IR spectroscopy allows identification of details of the binding patterns in dimeric amino acid clusters as well as the serine octamer. This research can be extended into the analysis of peptide assemblies that are of medical relevance, for example, in Alzheimer's disease, and into a general hydrophobicity scale for natural as well as synthetic amino acids. The development of ultracold gas-phase spectroscopy that for example makes use of ions trapped in liquid helium droplets provides access to very well resolved spectra. The combination of ion mobility separation of ions with subsequent spectroscopic analysis even permits separation of different isomers and studying them separately with respect to their structure. This represents a great advantage of these gas-phase methods over solution experiments, in which the supramolecular complexes under study typically equilibrate and thus prevent a separate investigation of different isomers. At the end of this overview, we will discuss larger and more complex supramolecules, among them giant halogen-bonded cages and complex intertwined topologies such as molecular knots and Solomon links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Polewski
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20-22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Springer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20-22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20-22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20-22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Hanozin E, Mignolet B, Martens J, Berden G, Sluysmans D, Duwez AS, Stoddart JF, Eppe G, Oomens J, De Pauw E, Morsa D. Radical-Pairing Interactions in a Molecular Switch Evidenced by Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Infrared Ion Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10049-10055. [PMID: 33561311 PMCID: PMC8251753 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The digital revolution sets a milestone in the progressive miniaturization of working devices and in the underlying advent of molecular machines. Foldamers involving mechanically entangled components with modular secondary structures are among the most promising designs for molecular switch‐based applications. Characterizing the nature and dynamics of their intramolecular network following the application of a stimulus is the key to their performance. Here, we use non‐dissociative electron transfer as a reductive stimulus in the gas phase and probe the consecutive co‐conformational transitions of a donor‐acceptor oligorotaxane foldamer using electrospray mass spectrometry interfaced with ion mobility and infrared ion spectroscopy. A comparison of collision cross section distributions for analogous closed‐shell and radical molecular ions sheds light on their respective formation energetics, while variations in their respective infrared absorption bands evidence changes in intramolecular organization as the foldamer becomes more compact. These differences are compatible with the advent of radical‐pairing interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Hanozin
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, UR MolSys, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Benoit Mignolet
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, UR MolSys, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525, ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525, ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Damien Sluysmans
- NanoChemistry and Molecular Systems, UR MolSys, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne-Sophie Duwez
- NanoChemistry and Molecular Systems, UR MolSys, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, China.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Gauthier Eppe
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, UR MolSys, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525, ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 908, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, UR MolSys, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Denis Morsa
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, UR MolSys, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium.,Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525, ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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10
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Hanozin E, Mignolet B, Martens J, Berden G, Sluysmans D, Duwez A, Stoddart JF, Eppe G, Oomens J, De Pauw E, Morsa D. Radical‐Pairing Interactions in a Molecular Switch Evidenced by Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Infrared Ion Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Hanozin
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory UR MolSys University of Liège 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Benoit Mignolet
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry UR MolSys University of Liège 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials FELIX Laboratory Radboud University Toernooiveld 7 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute for Molecules and Materials FELIX Laboratory Radboud University Toernooiveld 7 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Damien Sluysmans
- NanoChemistry and Molecular Systems UR MolSys University of Liège 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Anne‐Sophie Duwez
- NanoChemistry and Molecular Systems UR MolSys University of Liège 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou 311215 China
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Gauthier Eppe
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory UR MolSys University of Liège 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials FELIX Laboratory Radboud University Toernooiveld 7 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 908 1098XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory UR MolSys University of Liège 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Denis Morsa
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory UR MolSys University of Liège 4000 Liège Belgium
- Institute for Molecules and Materials FELIX Laboratory Radboud University Toernooiveld 7 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
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11
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Marshall DL, Poad BLJ, Luis ET, Da Silva Rodrigues RA, Blanksby SJ, Mullen KM. Stepwise reduction of interlocked viologen-based complexes in the gas phase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13575-13578. [PMID: 33052365 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05115b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We present the first application of electrochemical reduction in an ion trap mass spectrometer as a dual-function tool to synthesise and probe the reactivity of interlocked viologen-based complexes. Compared with non-complexed archetypes, electron-donating macrocyclic porphyrin ethers retard electron transfer reaction rates and stabilise intact structures in low oxidation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Marshall
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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12
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Morsa D, Hanozin E, Eppe G, Quinton L, Gabelica V, Pauw ED. Effective Temperature and Structural Rearrangement in Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4573-4582. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Morsa
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Emeline Hanozin
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Gauthier Eppe
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Loïc Quinton
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Valérie Gabelica
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM and CNRS, Laboratoire Acides Nucléiques: Régulations Naturelles et Artificielles (ARNA, U1212, UMR5320), IECB, Pessac 33600, France
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
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13
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Zhou HY, Zong QS, Han Y, Chen CF. Recent advances in higher order rotaxane architectures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9916-9936. [PMID: 32638726 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03057k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite dramatic advances in the template-directed synthesis of archetypal [2]rotaxanes, higher order rotaxanes with multiple molecular components (rings or dumbbells) are relatively daunting subjects owing to their synthetic challenges. With unique interlocked architectures, higher order rotaxanes have found applications in artificial molecular machines. In this feature article, we will focus on the recent advances in higher order rotaxanes with well-defined structures. Different types of rotaxane architectures will be described, and their synthetic approaches will be highlighted. Moreover, the stimuli-responsive molecular motion with increasing complexity in these diverse architectures will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ye Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian-Shou Zong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Hanozin E, Morsa D, De Pauw E. Two-Parameter Power Formalism for Structural Screening of Ion Mobility Trends: Applied Study on Artificial Molecular Switches. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:8043-8052. [PMID: 31449411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent literature provides increasing samples of structural studies relying on ion mobility coupled to mass spectrometry in view of characterizing gas-phase conformation and energetics properties of biomolecular ions. A typical framework consists in experimentally monitoring the collisional cross sections for various experimental conditions and using them as references to select appropriate candidate structures issued from theoretical modeling. Although it has proved successful for structural assignment, this process is resource costly and lengthy, namely due to intricacies in the selection of appropriate input geometries. In the present work, we propose simplified methodologies dedicated to the systematic screening of ion mobility data acquired on systems built from repetitive subunits and detail their application to challenging artificial molecular switch systems. Capitalizing on coarse-grained design, we first demonstrate how the assimilation of subunits into adequately assembled building-blocks can be used for fast assignments of a system topology. Further focusing on topology-specific differential ion mobility trends, we show that the building-block assemblies can be fused into single fully convex solid figure models, i.e., sphere and cylinder, whose projected areas follow a two-parameter power formalism A × nB. We show that the fitting parameters A and B were assigned as structural descriptors respectively associated with the dimensions of each constitutive subunit, i.e., size parameter, and with their assembled tridimensional arrangement, i.e., shape parameter. The present work provides a ready-to-use method for the screening of IM-MS data sets that is expected to facilitate the eventual design of input structures whenever advanced modeling calculations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Hanozin
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Research Unit , University of Liège , 4000 Liège , Belgium
| | - Denis Morsa
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Research Unit , University of Liège , 4000 Liège , Belgium
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Research Unit , University of Liège , 4000 Liège , Belgium
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Howe ME, Garcia-Garibay MA. The Roles of Intrinsic Barriers and Crystal Fluidity in Determining the Dynamics of Crystalline Molecular Rotors and Molecular Machines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9835-9849. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E. Howe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Miguel A. Garcia-Garibay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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Sluysmans D, Stoddart JF. The Burgeoning of Mechanically Interlocked Molecules in Chemistry. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Schröder HV, Mekic A, Hupatz H, Sobottka S, Witte F, Urner LH, Gaedke M, Pagel K, Sarkar B, Paulus B, Schalley CA. Switchable synchronisation of pirouetting motions in a redox-active [3]rotaxane. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:21425-21433. [PMID: 30427015 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05534c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the crown/ammonium [3]rotaxane R2 is reported which allows a switchable synchronisation of wheel pirouetting motions. The rotaxane is composed of a dumbbell-shaped axle molecule with two mechanically interlocked macrocycles which are decorated with a redox-active tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) unit. Electrochemical, spectroscopic, and electron paramagnetic resonance experiments reveal that rotaxane R2 can be reversibly switched between four stable oxidation states (R2, R2˙+, R22(˙+), and R24+). The oxidations enable non-covalent, cofacial interactions between the TTF units in each state-including a stabilised mixed-valence (TTF2)˙+ and a radical-cation (TTF˙+)2 dimer interaction-which dictate a syn (R2, R2˙+, and R22(˙+)) or anti (R24+) ground state co-conformation of the wheels in the rotaxane. Furthermore, the strength of these wheel-wheel interactions varies with the oxidation state, and thus electrochemical switching allows a controllable synchronisation of the wheels' pirouetting motions. DFT calculations explore the potential energy surface of the counter-rotation of the two interacting wheels in all oxidation states. The controlled coupling of pirouetting motions in rotaxanes can lead to novel molecular gearing systems which transmit rotational motion by switchable non-covalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik V Schröder
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Dynamics of individual molecular shuttles under mechanical force. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4512. [PMID: 30375395 PMCID: PMC6207653 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular shuttles are the basis of some of the most advanced synthetic molecular machines. In these devices a macrocycle threaded onto a linear component shuttles between different portions of the thread in response to external stimuli. Here, we use optical tweezers to measure the mechanics and dynamics of individual molecular shuttles in aqueous conditions. Using DNA as a handle and as a single molecule reporter, we measure thousands of individual shuttling events and determine the force-dependent kinetic rates of the macrocycle motion and the main parameters governing the energy landscape of the system. Our findings could open avenues for the real-time characterization of synthetic devices at the single molecule level, and provide crucial information for designing molecular machinery able to operate under physiological conditions. Molecular shuttles are bi-stable and stimuli-responsive systems that are considered potential elements for molecular machinery. Here, the authors use optical tweezers to measure the force dependent real-time kinetics of individual molecular shuttles under aqueous conditions.
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