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Zeng J, Zhang J, Dong Y, Wang J. Full-Dimensional Geometric-Phase Spatial Light Metamodulation. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38949164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Full-dimensional spatial light modulation requires simultaneous, arbitrary, and independent manipulation of the spatial phase, amplitude, and polarization. This is crucial for leveraging the complete physical dimension resources of light. However, full-dimensional metamodulation can be challenging due to the need for multiple independent control factors. To address this challenge, here we propose parallel-tasking metasurfaces to enable full-dimensional spatial light metamodulation based fully on the geometric-phase concept. Indeed, the meta-atoms are divided into several subphases, each of which serves as an independent control factor to manipulate light phase, amplitude, and polarization through geometric phase, interference, and orthogonal polarization superposition, respectively. Therefore, the macroscopic group of meta-atoms leads to metasurfaces that can achieve broadband full-dimensional spatial light metamodulation, as demonstrated by various types of structured light generation. This approach paves the way to future wide applications of light manipulation enabled by full-dimensional spatial light metamodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Zeng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, China
| | - Jinrun Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, China
| | - Yajuan Dong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, China
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Li T, Kingsley-Smith JJ, Hu Y, Xu X, Yan S, Wang S, Yao B, Wang Z, Zhu S. Reversible lateral optical force on phase-gradient metasurfaces for full control of metavehicles. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:255-258. [PMID: 36638431 DOI: 10.1364/ol.478979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photonics is currently undergoing an era of miniaturization thanks in part to two-dimensional (2D) optical metasurfaces. Their ability to sculpt and redirect optical momentum can give rise to an optical force, which acts orthogonally to the direction of light propagation. Powered by a single unfocused light beam, these lateral optical forces (LOFs) can be used to drive advanced metavehicles and are controlled via the incident beam's polarization. However, the full control of a metavehicle on a 2D plane (i.e. forward, backward, left, and right) with a sign-switchable LOF remains a challenge. Here we present a phase-gradient metasurface route for achieving such full control while also increasing efficiency. The proposed metasurface is able to deflect a normally incident plane wave in a traverse direction by modulating the plane wave's polarization, and results in a sign-switchable recoil LOF. When applied to a metavehicle, this LOF enables a level of motion control that was previously unobtainable.
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Zeng J, Wang J. Interrogating imaginary optical force by the complex Maxwell stress tensor theorem. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:20. [PMID: 36627276 PMCID: PMC9832022 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The complex Maxwell stress tensor theorem has been developed to relate the imaginary optical force, reactive strength of canonical momentum and total optical force of a nanoparticle, which is essential to perfect optical force efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Zeng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
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Zeng J, Albooyeh M, Rajaei M, Sifat AA, Potma EO, Wickramasinghe HK, Capolino F. Direct detection of photoinduced magnetic force at the nanoscale reveals magnetic nearfield of structured light. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd0233. [PMID: 36351014 PMCID: PMC9645709 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate experimentally the detection of magnetic force at optical frequencies, defined as the dipolar Lorentz force exerted on a photoinduced magnetic dipole excited by the magnetic component of light. Historically, this magnetic force has been considered elusive since, at optical frequencies, magnetic effects are usually overshadowed by the interaction of the electric component of light, making it difficult to recognize the direct magnetic force from the dominant electric forces. To overcome this challenge, we develop a photoinduced magnetic force characterization method that exploits a magnetic nanoprobe under structured light illumination. This approach enables the direct detection of the magnetic force, revealing the magnetic nearfield distribution at the nanoscale, while maximally suppressing its electric counterpart. The proposed method opens up new avenues for nanoscopy based on optical magnetic contrast, offering a research tool for all-optical spin control and optomagnetic manipulation of matter at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Zeng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Mohammad Albooyeh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Mobix Labs Inc., 15420 Laguna Canyon, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | - Mohsen Rajaei
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Abid Anjum Sifat
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Eric O. Potma
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - H. Kumar Wickramasinghe
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Filippo Capolino
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Nieto-Vesperinas M, Xu X. The complex Maxwell stress tensor theorem: The imaginary stress tensor and the reactive strength of orbital momentum. A novel scenery underlying electromagnetic optical forces. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:297. [PMID: 36224170 PMCID: PMC9556612 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00979-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We uncover the existence of a universal phenomenon concerning the electromagnetic optical force exerted by light or other electromagnetic waves on a distribution of charges and currents in general, and of particles in particular. This conveys the appearence of underlying reactive quantities that hinder radiation pressure and currently observed time-averaged forces. This constitutes a novel paradigm of the mechanical efficiency of light on matter, and completes the landscape of the optical, and generally electromagnetic, force in photonics and classical electrodynamics; widening our understanding in the design of both illumination and particles in optical manipulation without the need of increasing the illuminating power, and thus lowering dissipation and heating. We show that this may be accomplished through the minimization of what we establish as the reactive strength of orbital (or canonical) momentum, which plays against the optical force a role analogous to that of the reactive power versus the radiation efficiency of an antenna. This long time overlooked quantity, important for current progress of optical manipulation, and that stems from the complex Maxwell theorem of conservation of complex momentum that we put forward, as well as its alternating flow associated to the imaginary part of the complex Maxwell stress tensor, conform the imaginary Lorentz force that we introduce in this work, and that like the reactive strength of orbital momentum, is antagonistic to the well-known time-averaged force; thus making this reactive Lorentz force indirectly observable near wavelengths at which the time-averaged force is lowered. The Minkowski and Abraham momenta are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nieto-Vesperinas
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
| | - Xiaohao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China.
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
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Zhang J, Zeng J, Liu Y, Dong Y, Wang J. Fundamental challenges induced by phase modulation inaccuracy and optimization guidelines of geometric phase metasurfaces with broken rotation symmetry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:34314-34327. [PMID: 34809225 DOI: 10.1364/oe.437650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Geometric phase metasurfaces feature complete phase manipulation of light at the nanoscale. While a majority of prior works assume the structure rotation in a fixed lattice of unit cells as equivalent to the element rotation required by the geometric phase principle, we argue that this assumption is fundamentally challenged for many current schematics which induce phase modulation inaccuracy. Here we take the dielectric nanobar type geometric phase metasurfaces as an example and perform an in-depth analysis about the physical origins of the phase modulation inaccuracy: imperfect structure rotation, resonance, tilted incidence and aperiodic arrays. We clarify the trade-off in phase modulation accuracy, efficiency, broadband property and wide angle acceptance. Furthermore, we present several examples of geometric phase metasurface devices to evaluate the performance degradation under different applications. Finally, based on the research, we provide a set of practical design and optimization guidelines to outperform the present devices of geometric phase metasurface.
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Chernyak VY, Mukamel S. Heisenberg uncertainty of spatially gated electromagnetic fields. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:174110. [PMID: 34241063 DOI: 10.1063/5.0045352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A Heisenberg uncertainty relation is derived for spatially-gated electric ΔE and magnetic ΔH field fluctuations. The uncertainty increases for small gating sizes, which implies that in confined spaces, the quantum nature of the electromagnetic field must be taken into account. Optimizing the state of light to minimize ΔE at the expense of ΔH and vice versa should be possible. Spatial confinements and quantum fields may alternatively be realized without gating by interaction of the field with a nanostructure. Possible applications include nonlinear spectroscopy of nanostructures and optical cavities and chiral signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Y Chernyak
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92614, USA
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Lu X, Han Y, Lv H, Mou Z, Zhou C, Wang S, Teng S. α spiral nanoslit and the higher order plasmonic vortex generation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:305201. [PMID: 32235063 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In view of the conciseness of a spiral nanoslit and the limited order of the generated vortex, a kind of nanometer spiral, named α spirals, is proposed to generate a higher order plasmonic vortex. Theoretical analysis provides the basis for the advancement of an α spiral. The proposed spiral can generate the plasmonic vortex and the extreme order of the generated vortex depends on parameter α. The numerical simulations express the valid region of the plasmonic vortex generated by the α spiral. Discussions about the validity range of the α spiral nanoslit and the influence of the film material are beneficial to generate a high order vortex. This work builds a platform for the generation of the higher order plasmonic vortex using the simple spiral nanostructure and it can extend the potential applications of higher order plasmonic vortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device & Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014 People's Republic of China
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Darvishzadeh-Varcheie M, Kamandi M, Albooyeh M, Capolino F. Optical magnetic field enhancement at nanoscale: a nanoantenna comparative study. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:4957-4960. [PMID: 31613238 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.004957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We show and compare various metallic and dielectric nanostructures for local magnetic field enhancement at optical frequency. We elaborate on the origin of the magnetic field enhancement in each structure and define figures of merit to compare the ability of the structures to enhance the magnetic field. We show that dielectric structures can be a good alternative to their plasmonic counterpart due to their low loss. The magnetic field enhancement of these structures can be utilized in studying magnetic dipole transitions, magnetic imaging, chirality, and enhanced spectroscopy applications.
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Zhang Y, Yue P, Liu JY, Geng W, Bai YT, Liu SD. Ideal magnetic dipole resonances with metal-dielectric-metal hybridized nanodisks. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:16143-16155. [PMID: 31163799 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.016143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonances generated with nonmagnetic nanostructures have been widely used to design various functional nanophotonic devices, and it is important to realize pure magnetic dipole scattering for the unambiguous study of magnetic light-matter interactions. However, the magnetic responses often spectrally overlapping with other multipoles, which is the main obstacle to achieve ideal magnetic dipole resonances. This study proposes and theoretically demonstrates that an ideal magnetic dipole resonance can be excited with metal-dielectric-metal hybridized nanodisks. It is shown that although the generated magnetic dipole scattering around the bonding resonance of the hybridized nanodisk is spectrally overlapping with strong electric dipole and electric quadrupole contributions, an almost perfect current loop can be generated by adjusting the geometry parameters and the refractive index of the dielectric layer, thereby leading to the suppressing of the overlapping multipoles and the formation of an ideal magnetic dipole scattering. What's more important is that both electric and magnetic near-fields are enhanced simultaneously with the increasing of the refractive index of the dielectric layer, which makes the hybridized nanodisk a promising platform for enhanced magnetic light-matter interactions.
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