1
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Ma J, Majmudar A, Tian B. Bridging the Gap-Thermofluidic Designs for Precision Bioelectronics. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302431. [PMID: 37975642 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronics, the merging of biology and electronics, can monitor and modulate biological behaviors across length and time scales with unprecedented capability. Current bioelectronics research largely focuses on devices' mechanical properties and electronic designs. However, the thermofluidic control is often overlooked, which is noteworthy given the discipline's importance in almost all bioelectronics processes. It is believed that integrating thermofluidic designs into bioelectronics is essential to align device precision with the complexity of biofluids and biological structures. This perspective serves as a mini roadmap for researchers in both fields to introduce key principles, applications, and challenges in both bioelectronics and thermofluids domains. Important interdisciplinary opportunities for the development of future healthcare devices and precise bioelectronics will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Ma
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Aman Majmudar
- The College, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Bozhi Tian
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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2
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Rozati SA, Khriwish MB, Gupta A. Speleothem-Inspired Copper/Nickel Interfaces for Enhanced Liquid-Vapor Transport by Marangoni and Soret Effects. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10745-10758. [PMID: 38717287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Geological formations have superior wickability and support the absorption of water and oils into narrow spaces of Earth's crust without external assistance. In this study, we present speleothem inspired heterogeneous porous and wicked copper (Cu)/nickel (Ni) interfaces for enhanced nucleate boiling of water/ethanol mixtures for energy-efficient separation processes. The incorporation of Ni strands within the copper particle matrix significantly enhanced heat transfer. Compared to plain copper, the Cu/Ni speleothem surfaces exhibited a 61% increase in the heat transfer coefficient for water/ethanol mixtures and a 332% increase for water, with a 58% faster onset of nucleate boiling. This enhancement was attributed to Marangoni and Soret effects at the Cu/Ni interfaces, driven by surface tension and concentration gradients. Furthermore, the synergistic wicking action of the Ni strands facilitated rewetting of the surface, replenishing liquid to the porous nucleation sites and preventing surface dry-out, thereby improving the overall heat transfer performance.
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3
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Xu K, Long L, Chen C, Ye H. Superior Heat and Mass Transfer Performance of Bionic Wick with Finger-like Pores Inspired by the Stomatal Array of Natural Leaf. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10129-10142. [PMID: 38700156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The thermal management of electronics has gained significant attention, with loop heat pipes (LHPs) emerging as an attractive solution for heat dissipation. The heat transfer performance of LHPs is influenced by the heat and mass transfer processes within the wick. However, designing the pore diameter of the wick is challenging due to the different requirements of flow resistance and capillary force. Specifically, the working fluid needs large pores to reduce resistance, while the liquid suction requires small pores to provide a large capillary force. To address this issue, we drew inspiration from the stomatal array of natural leaves used for transpiration and developed an alumina ceramic bionic wick with finger-like pores using the phase-inversion tape casting method. The finger-like pores in the wick resemble the straight hole structure of stomata, which increases the gas-liquid interface area within the wick. This design allows for timely discharge of water vapor generated by boiling, thereby reducing mass transfer resistance. Additionally, numerous micrometer-sized small pores surrounding the finger-like pores provide sufficient capillary force to replenish liquid for the gas-liquid evaporation interface. Experimental results demonstrate that the introduction of finger-like pores in the wick increases gas and water permeabilities by 2.4 and 5.2 times, respectively. Furthermore, the superior heat and mass transfer performance of the bionic wick was demonstrated with an LHP. This work effectively addresses the conflicting demands of capillary force and flow resistance, enhancing the heat transfer performance of LHPs, which holds great promise for addressing heat dissipation challenges in high power density electronic chips and has potential applications in aviation, aerospace, and microelectronics for efficient thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Linshuang Long
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Chusheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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4
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Berce J, Hadžić A, Može M, Arhar K, Gjerkeš H, Zupančič M, Golobič I. Effect of Surface Wettability on Nanoparticle Deposition during Pool Boiling on Laser-Textured Copper Surfaces. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:311. [PMID: 38334582 PMCID: PMC10856959 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Prior studies have evidenced the potential for enhancing boiling heat transfer through modifications of surface or fluid properties. The deployment of nanofluids in pool boiling systems is challenging due to the deposition of nanoparticles on structured surfaces, which may result in performance deterioration. This study addresses the use of TiO2-water nanofluids (mass concentrations of 0.001 wt.% and 0.1 wt.%) in pool boiling heat transfer and concurrent mitigation of nanoparticle deposition on superhydrophobic laser-textured copper surfaces. Samples, modified through nanosecond laser texturing, were subjected to boiling in an as-prepared superhydrophilic (SHPI) state and in a superhydrophobic state (SHPO) following hydrophobization with a self-assembled monolayer of fluorinated silane. The boiling performance assessment involved five consecutive boiling curve runs under saturated conditions at atmospheric pressure. Results on superhydrophilic surfaces reveal that the use of nanofluids always led to a deterioration of the heat transfer coefficient (up to 90%) compared to pure water due to high nanoparticle deposition. The latter was largely mitigated on superhydrophobic surfaces, yet their performance was still inferior to that of the same surface in water. On the other hand, CHF values of 1209 kW m-2 and 1462 kW m-2 were recorded at 0.1 wt.% concentration on both superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces, respectively, representing a slight enhancement of 16% and 27% compared to the results obtained on their counterparts investigated in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jure Berce
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.B.); (A.H.); (M.M.); (K.A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Armin Hadžić
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.B.); (A.H.); (M.M.); (K.A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Matic Može
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.B.); (A.H.); (M.M.); (K.A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Klara Arhar
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.B.); (A.H.); (M.M.); (K.A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Henrik Gjerkeš
- School of Engineering and Management, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia;
| | - Matevž Zupančič
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.B.); (A.H.); (M.M.); (K.A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Iztok Golobič
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.B.); (A.H.); (M.M.); (K.A.); (M.Z.)
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5
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Xu J, Ye W, Yu X, Zhang B. Overcoming the Heat Transfer Paradox: Nano Ridges Induce "Pistol Bubbles" and Reverse the Boiling Curve. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10021-10027. [PMID: 37862557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
To increase the boiling heat transfer limit, we disrupted the previously nonevaporating region and increased the vaporization activity of "inert" liquid molecules by introducing nano ridges on the boiling surface. This solved the paradox of no heat transfer occurring through the thinnest liquid film in boiling bubbles; thus, the internal heat transfer limit of the bubbles was exceeded. We found that vigorous boiling occurred immediately once the nonevaporating region was activated, and the bubble frequency increased by an order of magnitude, reaching 1186 Hz, which has not been previously reported. With an increase in heat flux, the boiling curve exhibited a "return". We achieved an extremely high bubble frequency by experimentally quantifying the major influence of nonevaporating region disruption on boiling heat transfer. The mechanism behind the generation of the ultrahigh-frequency bubbles was discovered. This study also reveals a new mechanism for the reversed boiling curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Xu
- The Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Ye
- The Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongjiang Yu
- The Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
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6
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Liu H, Gu Z, Liang J. Study on Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics of Composite Porous Structure Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6391. [PMID: 37834528 PMCID: PMC10573224 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface porosity is an important means of enhancing boiling heat transfer. In this paper, two kinds of composite porous structures of surface micropore + square channel and framework micropore + square channel were prepared by selective laser melting technology using AlSi10Mg as the powder material. The effect of composites with different pore forms on boiling heat transfer was investigated in pool boiling experiments. It was found that controlling the thickness of the powder layer manufactured by selective laser melting can change the surface roughness of the sample, and the sandblasting treatment reduced the surface roughness of the samples. The average heat transfer coefficient of the rough surface composite porous structure sample was increased by 40% compared to the sandblasted sample. The micropores on the surface of the sample and inside the framework significantly enhanced the heat transfer coefficient of the composite porous structure. The presence of surface micropores increased the heat transfer area and the vaporization core density of the composite porous structure and exhibited excellent heat transfer coefficient improvement in the low heat flux region. The framework microporous composite porous structure can form effective gas-liquid diversion at high heat flux and obtain higher heat transfer performance. The large channel in the composite porous structure is the key control factor of the critical heat flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houli Liu
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhonghao Gu
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jun Liang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
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7
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Li W, Yang S, Chen Y, Li C, Wang Z. Tesla valves and capillary structures-activated thermal regulator. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3996. [PMID: 37414775 PMCID: PMC10325955 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-phase (liquid, vapor) flow in confined spaces is fundamentally interesting and practically important in many practical applications such as thermal management, offering the potential to impart high thermal transport performance owing to high surface-to-volume ratio and latent heat released during liquid/vapor phase transition. However, the associated physical size effect, in coupling with the striking contrast in specific volume between liquid and vapor phases, also leads to the onset of unwanted vapor backflow and chaotic two-phase flow patterns, which seriously deteriorates the practical thermal transport performances. Here, we develop a thermal regulator consisting of classical Tesla valves and engineered capillary structures, which can switch its working states and boost its heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux in its "switched-on" state. We demonstrate that the Tesla valves and the capillary structures serve to eliminate vapor backflow and promote liquid flow along the sidewalls of both Tesla valves and main channels, respectively, which synergistically enable the thermal regulator to self-adapt to varying working conditions by rectifying the chaotic two-phase flow into an ordered and directional flow. We envision that revisiting century-old design can promote the development of next generation cooling devices towards switchable and very high heat transfer performances for power electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Li
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Siyan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, PR China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Yongping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, PR China.
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, PR China.
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8
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Upot NV, Fazle Rabbi K, Khodakarami S, Ho JY, Kohler Mendizabal J, Miljkovic N. Advances in micro and nanoengineered surfaces for enhancing boiling and condensation heat transfer: a review. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:1232-1270. [PMID: 36866258 PMCID: PMC9972872 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00669c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-vapor phase change phenomena such as boiling and condensation are processes widely implemented in industrial systems such as power plants, refrigeration and air conditioning systems, desalination plants, water processing installations and thermal management devices due to their enhanced heat transfer capability when compared to single-phase processes. The last decade has seen significant advances in the development and application of micro and nanostructured surfaces to enhance phase change heat transfer. Phase change heat transfer enhancement mechanisms on micro and nanostructures are significantly different from those on conventional surfaces. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the effects of micro and nanostructure morphology and surface chemistry on phase change phenomena. Our review elucidates how various rational designs of micro and nanostructures can be utilized to increase heat flux and heat transfer coefficient in the case of both boiling and condensation at different environmental conditions by manipulating surface wetting and nucleation rate. We also discuss phase change heat transfer performance of liquids having higher surface tension such as water and lower surface tension liquids such as dielectric fluids, hydrocarbons and refrigerants. We discuss the effects of micro/nanostructures on boiling and condensation in both external quiescent and internal flow conditions. The review also outlines limitations of micro/nanostructures and discusses the rational development of structures to mitigate these limitations. We end the review by summarizing recent machine learning approaches for predicting heat transfer performance of micro and nanostructured surfaces in boiling and condensation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithin Vinod Upot
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Kazi Fazle Rabbi
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Siavash Khodakarami
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Jin Yao Ho
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Republic of Singapore
| | - Johannes Kohler Mendizabal
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Nenad Miljkovic
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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9
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Chu B, Fu B, Dong L, Cheng W, Wang R, Zheng F, Fang C, Tao P, Song C, Shang W, Deng T. A Graphene Quantum Dot Film with a Nanoengineered Crack-Like Surface via Bubble-Induced Self-Assembly for High-Power Thermal Energy Management Applications. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:259-266. [PMID: 36542060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Films with micro/nanostructures that show high wicking performance are promising in water desalination, atmospheric water harvesting, and thermal energy management systems. Here, we use a facile bubble-induced self-assembly method to directly generate films with a nanoengineered crack-like surface on the substrate during bubble growth when self-dispersible graphene quantum dot (GQD) nanofluid is used as the working medium. The crack-like micro/nanostructure, which is generated due to the thermal stress, enables the GQD film to not only have superior capillary wicking performance but also provide many additional nucleation sites. The film demonstrates enhanced phase change-based heat transfer performance, with a simultaneous enhancement of the critical heat flux and heat transfer coefficient up to 169% and 135% over a smooth substrate, respectively. Additionally, the GQD film with high stability enables a performance improvement in the concentration ratio and electrical efficiency of concentrated photovoltaics in an analytical study, which is promising for high-power thermal energy management applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Benwei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lining Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruitong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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10
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Yao X, Lin W, Wang M, Wang S. Nature-Inspired High Temperature Scale-Resistant Slippery Lubricant-Induced Porous Surfaces (HTS-SLIPS). SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203615. [PMID: 36148852 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Scale formation is a longstanding and unresolved problem in a number of fields, including power production, petroleum exploration, thermal desalination, and construction. Herein, a high-temperature scale-resistant slippery lubricant-induced surface (HTS-SLIPS) is developed by one-step electrodeposition and lubricant infusion. The fractal cauliflower-like morphology with lubricant oil is conducive to forming an ultralow contact angle hysteresis of ≈1°. The 10-d real-world boiling trial indicates that by replacing the uncoated surface with HTS-SLIPS, the reduction in scale mass is greater than 200% because of the low surface free energy (4.3 mJ m-2 ) and outstanding smoothness (Ra = 41 ± 8 nm) of HTS-SLIPS. Thanks to the scale retardation, the bubble departure frequency of HTS-SLIPS is eightfold higher than that of uncoated surfaces, signifying superior heat transfer efficiency. In these demonstrations, HTS-SLIPS coated spiral tube exhibits better flowability and lower pressure drop than the uncoated one. In addition, favorable compatibility between HTS-SLIPS and mechanical vibration is experimentally verified to strengthen the descaling of SLIPS synergistically. It is anticipated that the simple and scalable coating fabrication approach will be applicable in numerous industrial high-temperature processes where scale formation is encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Yao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhu Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Mingmei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Steven Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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11
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Lee J, Suh Y, Kuciej M, Simadiris P, Barako MT, Won Y. Computer vision-assisted investigation of boiling heat transfer on segmented nanowires with vertical wettability. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13078-13089. [PMID: 36043910 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02447k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The boiling efficacy is intrinsically tethered to trade-offs between the desire for bubble nucleation and necessity of vapor removal. The solution to these competing demands requires the separation of bubble activity and liquid delivery, often achieved through surface engineering. In this study, we independently engineer bubble nucleation and departure mechanisms through the design of heterogeneous and segmented nanowires with dual wettability with the aim of pushing the limit of structure-enhanced boiling heat transfer performances. The demonstration of separating liquid and vapor pathways outperforms state-of-the-art hierarchical nanowires, in particular, at low heat flux regimes while maintaining equal performances at high heat fluxes. A deep-learning based computer vision framework realized the autonomous curation and extraction of hidden big data along with digitalized bubbles. The combined efforts of materials design, deep learning techniques, and data-driven approach shed light on the mechanistic relationship between vapor/liquid pathways, bubble statistics, and phase change performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonggyu Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Youngjoon Suh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Max Kuciej
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- NG Next, Northrop Grumman Corporation, Redondo Beach, CA, 90278, USA
| | - Peter Simadiris
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Michael T Barako
- NG Next, Northrop Grumman Corporation, Redondo Beach, CA, 90278, USA
| | - Yoonjin Won
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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12
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Song Y, Díaz-Marín CD, Zhang L, Cha H, Zhao Y, Wang EN. Three-Tier Hierarchical Structures for Extreme Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Performance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200899. [PMID: 35725240 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Boiling is an effective energy-transfer process with substantial utility in energy applications. Boiling performance is described mainly by the heat-transfer coefficient (HTC) and critical heat flux (CHF). Recent efforts for the simultaneous enhancement of HTC and CHF have been limited by an intrinsic trade-off between them-HTC enhancement requires high nucleation-site density, which can increase bubble coalescence resulting in limited CHF enhancement. In this work, this trade-off is overcome by designing three-tier hierarchical structures. The bubble coalescence is minimized to enhance the CHF by defining nucleation sites with microcavities interspersed within hemi-wicking structures. Meanwhile, the reduced nucleation-site density is compensated for by incorporating nanostructures that promote evaporation for HTC enhancement. The hierarchical structures demonstrate the simultaneous enhancement of HTC and CHF up to 389% and 138%, respectively, compared to a smooth surface. This extreme boiling performance can lead to significant energy savings in a variety of boiling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsup Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Carlos D Díaz-Marín
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lenan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hyeongyun Cha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yajing Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Evelyn N Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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13
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Ho JY, Rabbi KF, Khodakarami S, Sett S, Wong TN, Leong KC, King WP, Miljkovic N. Ultrascalable Surface Structuring Strategy of Metal Additively Manufactured Materials for Enhanced Condensation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104454. [PMID: 35780492 PMCID: PMC9404399 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal additive manufacturing (AM) enables unparalleled design freedom for the development of optimized devices in a plethora of applications. The requirement for the use of nonconventional aluminum alloys such as AlSi10Mg has made the rational micro/nanostructuring of metal AM challenging. Here, the techniques are developed and the fundamental mechanisms governing the micro/nanostructuring of AlSi10Mg, the most common metal AM material, are investigated. A surface structuring technique is rationally devised to form previously unexplored two-tier nanoscale architectures that enable remarkably low adhesion, excellent resilience to condensation flooding, and enhanced liquid-vapor phase transition. Using condensation as a demonstration framework, it is shown that the two-tier nanostructures achieve 6× higher heat transfer coefficient when compared to the best filmwise condensation. The study demonstrates that AM-enabled nanostructuring is optimal for confining droplets while reducing adhesion to facilitate droplet detachment. Extensive benchmarking with past reported data shows that the demonstrated heat transfer enhancement has not been achieved previously under high supersaturation conditions using conventional aluminum, further motivating the need for AM nanostructures. Finally, it has been demonstrated that the synergistic combination of wide AM design freedom and optimal AM nanostructuring method can provide an ultracompact condenser having excellent thermal performance and power density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yao Ho
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Singapore Centre for 3D PrintingSchool of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Kazi Fazle Rabbi
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Siavash Khodakarami
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Soumyadip Sett
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Teck Neng Wong
- Singapore Centre for 3D PrintingSchool of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Kai Choong Leong
- Singapore Centre for 3D PrintingSchool of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - William P King
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Nenad Miljkovic
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI‐I2CNER)Kyushu University744 Moto‐okaNishi‐kuFukuoka819‐0395Japan
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14
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Gao S, Qu J, Liu Z, Liu W. Nanoscale Thin-Film Boiling Processes on Heterogeneous Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6352-6362. [PMID: 35536686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acquiring rapid and efficient boiling processes has been the focus of industry as they have the potential to improve the energy efficiency and reduce the carbon emissions of production processes. Here, we report nanoscale thin-film boiling on different heterogeneous surfaces. Through nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation, we captured the triple-phase interface details, visualized the bubble nucleation, and recorded the internal fluid flow and thermal characteristics. It is found that nanoscale thin-film boiling without the occurrence of bubble nucleation shows excellent heat and mass transfer performance, which differs from macroscale boiling. In general, rough structures advance the onset time of stable boiling and improve the efficiency. The heat transfer coefficient and heat flux on a rough hydrophilic surface respectively reach to 7.43 × 104 kW/(m2·K) and 1.3 × 106 kW/m2 at a surface temperature of 500 K, which are 100-fold higher than those of micrometer-scale thin-film boiling. However, due to the resultant vapor film trapped between the liquid and the surface, the rough hydrophobic surface leads to heat transfer deterioration instead. It is revealed that the underlying mechanism of regulatory effects resulting from surface physicochemical properties is originated from the variation of interfacial thermal resistance. It is available to reduce the overall interfacial resistance and further improve the heat and mass transfer efficiency through increasing surface roughness, enhancing surface wettability, and increasing the area proportion of the hydrophilic region. This work provides guidelines to achieve rapid and efficient thin-liquid-film boiling and serves as a reference for the optimized design of surfaces utilized for high-heat flux removal through vaporization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jian Qu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhichun Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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15
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Wen R, Liu W, Ma X, Yang R. Coupling droplets/bubbles with a liquid film for enhancing phase-change heat transfer. iScience 2021; 24:102531. [PMID: 34113838 PMCID: PMC8170143 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaporation, boiling, and condensation are fundamental liquid-vapor phase-change heat transfer processes and have been utilized in many conventional and emerging energy systems. Recent advances in the manipulation of interface wetting and heterogeneous nucleation using micro/nano-structured surfaces have enabled exciting two-phase flow dynamics and heat transfer enhancement. However, independently manipulating droplets, bubbles, or liquid films through surface modification has encountered bottlenecks. In this Perspective, we discuss an emerging strategy where droplets/bubbles are coupled with a liquid film to control fluid dynamics for minimizing the thermal resistance between the liquid-vapor interface and solid substrate, thus significantly enhancing the heat transfer performance beyond the state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization of Chemical Resources, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuehu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization of Chemical Resources, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ronggui Yang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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16
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Li J, Kang D, Fazle Rabbi K, Fu W, Yan X, Fang X, Fan L, Miljkovic N. Liquid film-induced critical heat flux enhancement on structured surfaces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/26/eabg4537. [PMID: 34172446 PMCID: PMC8232909 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg4537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing critical heat flux (CHF) during boiling with structured surfaces has received much attention because of its important implications for two-phase flow. The role of surface structures on bubble evolution and CHF enhancement remains unclear because of the lack of direct visualization of the liquid- and solid-vapor interfaces. Here, we use high-magnification in-liquid endoscopy to directly probe bubble behavior during boiling. We report the previously unidentified coexistence of two distinct three-phase contact lines underneath growing bubbles on structured surfaces, resulting in retention of a thin liquid film within the structures between the two contact lines due to their disparate advancing velocities. This finding sheds light on a previously unidentified mechanism governing bubble evolution on structured surfaces, which has notable implications for a variety of real systems using bubble formation, such as thermal management, microfluidics, and electrochemical reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Daniel Kang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kazi Fazle Rabbi
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Wuchen Fu
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xiaolong Fang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Liwu Fan
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Systems, School of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Nenad Miljkovic
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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17
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Liu M, Du H, Cheng Y, Zheng H, Jin Y, To S, Wang S, Wang Z. Explosive Pancake Bouncing on Hot Superhydrophilic Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:24321-24328. [PMID: 33998790 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid detachment of liquid droplets from engineered surfaces in the form of complete rebound, pancake bouncing, or trampolining has been extensively studied over the past decade and is of practical importance in many industrial processes such as self-cleaning, anti-icing, energy conversion, and so on. The spontaneous trampolining of droplets needs an additional low-pressure environment and the manifestation of pancake bouncing on superhydrophobic surfaces requires meticulous control of macrotextures and impacting velocity. In this work, we report that the rapid pancake-like levitation of impinging droplets can be achieved on superhydrophilic surfaces through the application of heating. In particular, we discovered explosive pancake bouncing on hot superhydrophilic surfaces made of hierarchically non-interconnected honeycombs, which is in striking contrast to the partial levitation of droplets on the surface consisting of interconnected microposts. This enhanced droplet bouncing phenomenon, characterized by a significant reduction in contact time and increase in the bouncing height, is ascribed to the production and spatial confinement of pressurized vapor in non-interconnected structures. The manifestation of pancake bouncing on the superhydrophilic surface rendered by a bottom-to-up boiling process may find promising applications such as the removal of trapped solid particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hanheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Ultra-precision Machining Technology, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yaqi Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Huanxi Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yuankai Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Suet To
- State Key Laboratory of Ultra-precision Machining Technology, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Steven Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Research Center for Nature-Inspired Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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18
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Zhou Y, Ji B, Yan X, Jin P, Li J, Miljkovic N. Asymmetric Bubble Formation at Rectangular Orifices. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4302-4307. [PMID: 33797910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bubble formation in liquids is frequently observed in nature and applied in various industrial processes. These include pool and flow boiling for thermal management systems, where bubbles may form asymmetrically at narrow slits and in convective flows. While previous studies have focused on symmetric bubble formation at circular orifices, the dynamics of asymmetric bubble formation remains poorly understood. Here, we experimentally investigate bubble formation at rectangular orifices and examine the effects of the orifice size and aspect ratio and the gas flow rate on the bubble size. The asymmetric bubble shape evolution at the rectangular orifice is analyzed, and we find that the size of the bubble neck is controlled either by the orifice size or by the capillary length. Based on these findings, we develop a static force balance model to predict the bubble size in the quasi-static regime, where the roles of Bond number and aspect ratio are identified. The bubble size evolution in the dynamic regime is further understood by introducing a Weber number that evaluates the effect of the virtual mass force induced by gas flow. Our study provides physical understanding of the dynamics of asymmetric bubble formation and guidance to predict the bubble size at asymmetric orifices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhou
- Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Bingqiang Ji
- Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xiao Yan
- Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Puhang Jin
- Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nenad Miljkovic
- Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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19
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Cao Z, Liu B, Preger C, Zhang YH, Wu Z, Messing ME, Deppert K, Wei JJ, Sundén B. Nanoparticle-Assisted Pool Boiling Heat Transfer on Micro-Pin-Fin Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1089-1101. [PMID: 33417766 PMCID: PMC7880573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Boiling heat transfer intensification is of significant relevance to energy conversion and various cooling processes. This study aimed to enhance the saturated pool boiling of FC-72 (a dielectric liquid) by surface modifications and explore mechanisms of the enhancement. Specifically, circular and square micro pin fins were fabricated on silicon surfaces by dry etching and then copper nanoparticles were deposited on the micro-pin-fin surfaces by electrostatic deposition. Experimental results indicated that compared with a smooth surface, the micro pin fins increased the heat transfer coefficient and the critical heat flux by more than 200 and 65-83%, respectively, which were further enhanced by the nanoparticles up to 24% and more than 20%, respectively. Correspondingly, the enhancement mechanism was carefully explored by high-speed bubble visualizations, surface wickability measurements, and model analysis. It was quantitatively found that small bubble departure diameters with high bubble departure frequencies promoted high heat transfer coefficients. The wickability, which characterizes the ability of a liquid to rewet a surface, played an important role in determining the critical heat flux, but further analyses indicated that evaporation beneath bubbles was also essential and competition between the wicking and the evaporation finally triggered the critical heat flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- Heat
Transfer Division, Department of Energy Sciences, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bin Liu
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Calle Preger
- Solid
State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yong-hai Zhang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zan Wu
- Heat
Transfer Division, Department of Energy Sciences, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria E. Messing
- Solid
State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Knut Deppert
- Solid
State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jin-jia Wei
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bengt Sundén
- Heat
Transfer Division, Department of Energy Sciences, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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20
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Nazari M, Davoodabadi A, Huang D, Luo T, Ghasemi H. Transport Phenomena in Nano/Molecular Confinements. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16348-16391. [PMID: 33253531 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The transport of fluid and ions in nano/molecular confinements is the governing physics of a myriad of embodiments in nature and technology including human physiology, plants, energy modules, water collection and treatment systems, chemical processes, materials synthesis, and medicine. At nano/molecular scales, the confinement dimension approaches the molecular size and the transport characteristics deviates significantly from that at macro/micro scales. A thorough understanding of physics of transport at these scales and associated fluid properties is undoubtedly critical for future technologies. This compressive review provides an elaborate picture on the promising future applications of nano/molecular transport, highlights experimental and simulation metrologies to probe and comprehend this transport phenomenon, discusses the physics of fluid transport, tunable flow by orders of magnitude, and gating mechanisms at these scales, and lists the advancement in the fabrication methodologies to turn these transport concepts into reality. Properties such as chain-like liquid transport, confined gas transport, surface charge-driven ion transport, physical/chemical ion gates, and ion diodes will provide avenues to devise technologies with enhanced performance inaccessible through macro/micro systems. This review aims to provide a consolidated body of knowledge to accelerate innovation and breakthrough in the above fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Nazari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Ali Davoodabadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Dezhao Huang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Tengfei Luo
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Hadi Ghasemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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21
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Wu F, Ze H, Chen S, Gao X. High-Efficiency Boiling Heat Transfer Interfaces Composed of Electroplated Copper Nanocone Cores and Low-Thermal-Conductivity Nickel Nanocone Coverings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:39902-39909. [PMID: 32805898 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that copper-based super-thin high-efficiency boiling heat transfer (BHT) interfaces can be obtained via electroplating hierarchical nickel nanocone coverings on the surface of copper nanocone cores. By regulating surface morphologies, wettability, and mass and heat transfer properties of hierarchical structures, we reveal the regulation rules of their performance. Based on this, we obtain the optimized BHT interfaces with a thickness of only 6.4 μm, which shows 228% enhancement in the maximal heat transfer coefficient, 71% enhancement in the critical heat flux, and 68% decrease in the superheat for the onset of nucleate boiling, as compared to the flat copper surface. Our studies clearly indicate that, although the in situ growth of nickel nanocones can unavoidably increase the interface thermal resistance of hierarchical structures, its optimization can still enhance BHT performance. This may be ascribed to the coupling of several interface effects such as more heat transfer area, more nucleation sites, smaller bubble departure sizes, and stronger liquid supply ability caused by hierarchical structures. Our work opens up a new avenue for the development of copper-based super-thin high-efficiency BHT interfaces, which would help enhance the efficiency of energy utilization and heat dissipation of various thermal devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wu
- Functional Materials and Interfaces Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Huajie Ze
- Functional Materials and Interfaces Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shihan Chen
- Functional Materials and Interfaces Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Functional Materials and Interfaces Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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22
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Nazari M, Davoodabadi A, Huang D, Luo T, Ghasemi H. On interfacial viscosity in nanochannels. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:14626-14635. [PMID: 32614001 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02294b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Capillary driven transport of liquids in nanoscopic channels is an omnipresent phenomenon in nature and technology including fluid flow in the human body and plants, drug delivery, nanofluidic devices, and energy/water systems. However, the kinetics of this mass transport mechanism remains in question as the well-known Lucas-Washburn (LW) model predicts significantly faster flow rates compared to the experimental observations. We here showed the role of interfacial viscosity in capillary motion slowdown in nanochannels through a combination of experimental, analytical and molecular dynamics techniques. We showed that the slower liquid flow is due to the formation of a thin liquid layer adjacent to the channel walls with a viscosity substantially greater than the bulk liquid. By incorporating the effect of the interfacial layer, we presented a theoretical model that accurately predicts the capillarity kinetics in nanochannels of different heights. Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation confirmed the obtained interfacial viscosities. The viscosities of isopropanol and ethanol within the interfacial layer were 9.048 mPa s and 4.405 mPa s, respectively (i.e. 279% and 276% greater than their bulk values). We also showed that the interfacial layers are 6.4 nm- and 5.3 nm-thick for isopropanol and ethanol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Nazari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Rd, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.
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23
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Može M, Senegačnik M, Gregorčič P, Hočevar M, Zupančič M, Golobič I. Laser-Engineered Microcavity Surfaces with a Nanoscale Superhydrophobic Coating for Extreme Boiling Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:24419-24431. [PMID: 32352743 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c0159410.1021/acsami.0c01594.s001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized interfaces enhancing phase-change processes have immense applicability in thermal management. Here, a methodology for fabrication of surfaces enabling extreme boiling heat transfer performance is demonstrated, combining direct nanosecond laser texturing and chemical vapor deposition of a hydrophobic fluorinated silane. Multiple strategies of laser texturing are explored on aluminum with subsequent nanoscale hydrophobization. Both superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces with laser-engineered microcavities exhibit significant enhancement of the pool boiling heat transfer. Surfaces with superhydrophobic microcavities allow for enhancements of a heat transfer coefficient of over 500%. Larger microcavities with a mean diameter of 4.2 μm, achieved using equidistant laser scanning separation, induce an early transition into the favorable nucleate boiling regime, while smaller microcavities with a mean diameter of 2.8 μm, achieved using variable separation, provide superior performance at high heat fluxes. The enhanced boiling performance confirms that the Wenzel wetting regime is possible during boiling on apparently superhydrophobic surfaces. A notable critical heat flux enhancement is demonstrated on superhydrophobic surfaces with an engineered microstructure showing definitively the importance and concomitant effect of both the surface wettability and topography for enhanced boiling. The fast, low-cost, and repeatable fabrication process has great potential for advanced thermal management applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matic Može
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Senegačnik
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Gregorčič
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Hočevar
- Institute of Metals and Technology, Lepi pot 11, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matevž Zupančič
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iztok Golobič
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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24
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Može M, Senegačnik M, Gregorčič P, Hočevar M, Zupančič M, Golobič I. Laser-Engineered Microcavity Surfaces with a Nanoscale Superhydrophobic Coating for Extreme Boiling Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:24419-24431. [PMID: 32352743 PMCID: PMC7304832 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized interfaces enhancing phase-change processes have immense applicability in thermal management. Here, a methodology for fabrication of surfaces enabling extreme boiling heat transfer performance is demonstrated, combining direct nanosecond laser texturing and chemical vapor deposition of a hydrophobic fluorinated silane. Multiple strategies of laser texturing are explored on aluminum with subsequent nanoscale hydrophobization. Both superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces with laser-engineered microcavities exhibit significant enhancement of the pool boiling heat transfer. Surfaces with superhydrophobic microcavities allow for enhancements of a heat transfer coefficient of over 500%. Larger microcavities with a mean diameter of 4.2 μm, achieved using equidistant laser scanning separation, induce an early transition into the favorable nucleate boiling regime, while smaller microcavities with a mean diameter of 2.8 μm, achieved using variable separation, provide superior performance at high heat fluxes. The enhanced boiling performance confirms that the Wenzel wetting regime is possible during boiling on apparently superhydrophobic surfaces. A notable critical heat flux enhancement is demonstrated on superhydrophobic surfaces with an engineered microstructure showing definitively the importance and concomitant effect of both the surface wettability and topography for enhanced boiling. The fast, low-cost, and repeatable fabrication process has great potential for advanced thermal management applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matic Može
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University
of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Senegačnik
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University
of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Gregorčič
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University
of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Hočevar
- Institute
of Metals and Technology, Lepi pot 11, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matevž Zupančič
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University
of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iztok Golobič
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University
of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
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