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Asadollahzadeh M, Torkaman R. Hydrodynamic features of pulsed solvent extractor for separation of two metals by using the antagonistic effect of solvents. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5213. [PMID: 38433272 PMCID: PMC10909842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Separating copper and cobalt ions is crucial due to the industry's strategic reliance on both these elements. When the extraction process is able to significantly increase the separation factor, it becomes favorable to separate two ions. However, the presence of Cu(II) ions together with Co(II) hinders the achievement of optimum efficiency when using commonly available extractants. This study conducted the separation of the two elements using both batch and continuous methods in a pilot plant pulsed column equipped with a disc and doughnut structure. The initial step involved optimizing the key variables to maximize the separation factor using the central composite design procedure. The optimization of Cyanex272, Cyphos IL 101 concentrations, and the pH value of the aqueous phase were all adjusted to 0.024 M, 0.046 M, and 7.3, correspondingly. In the following step, the hydrodynamic characteristics and extraction performance were examined in the pulsed column of the pilot plant. The findings indicated that the presence of Cyphos IL 101 resulted in an increased separation factor and efficiency within the column. As a result, the ionic liquid enhances performance without encountering any operational issues. This additive is considered an environmentally friendly solvent and does not cause any negative impacts. Consequently, it is suggested for utilization in continuous industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Asadollahzadeh
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box: 11365-8486, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Torkaman
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box: 11365-8486, Tehran, Iran.
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Torkaman R, Rovais MRA, Asadollahzadeh M, Torab-Mostaedi M, Saremi M. Establishing forward mixing model to mass transfer overview in multi-impeller agitated column for rare Earth extraction process. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4902. [PMID: 38418589 PMCID: PMC10901875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study develops comprehensive mass transfer models to optimize the rare earth extraction. A plug flow, axial dispersion, backflow, forward mixing-based mass transfer model was created and solved numerically using the fitting technique. The investigated process is a multi-impeller agitated column designed to provide proper contact between organic and aqueous phases to extract rare-earth ions. Taking Sm(III)-Gd(III) separation as an application case, extraction efficiency in the agitation speed of 200 rpm was obtained equal to 95.14%, 76.67% by this column for Gd(III), and Sm(III) ions, respectively. The model's findings were compared with experimental data, and a significant agreement was achieved with the forward mixing model. The results indicated that the high agitation speed is beneficial to increasing the interfacial area while reducing the mass-transfer coefficient. On the contrary, the circulation within the larger droplet improves the transfer of mass, albeit at the expense of reducing the interfacial area. The results showed that the drop size distribution is a crucial factor as the droplet sizes significantly affect the droplet mass transfer. The mathematical models' values of Ec for mass transfer parameters showed that the operational variables significantly affect the mass transfer rate and can cause deviations from the ideal flow path. A reasonable and appropriate estimation of the organic-side volumetric overall mass transfer coefficient was provided, which can be applied to this contactor's design and scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Torkaman
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box: 11365-8486, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Aboudzadeh Rovais
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box: 11365-8486, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Asadollahzadeh
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box: 11365-8486, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Torab-Mostaedi
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box: 11365-8486, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Saremi
- Energy Engineering and Physics Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box: 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran
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Altinisik S, Zeidan H, Yilmaz MD, Marti ME. Reactive Extraction of Betaine from Sugarbeet Processing Byproducts. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11029-11038. [PMID: 37008146 PMCID: PMC10061657 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Betaine from natural sources is still preferred over its synthetic analogue in secondary industries. It is currently obtained by expensive separation means, which is one of the main reasons for its high cost. In this study, reactive extraction of betaine from sugarbeet industry byproducts, that is, molasses and vinasse, was investigated. Dinonylnaphthalenedisulfonic acid (DNNDSA) was used as the extraction agent, and the initial concentration of betaine in the aqueous solutions of byproducts was adjusted to 0.1 M. Although maximum efficiencies were obtained at unadjusted pH values (pH 6, 5, and 6 for aqueous betaine, molasses, and vinasse solutions, respectively), the effect of aqueous pH on betaine extraction was negligible in the range of 2-12. The possible reaction mechanisms between betaine and DNNDSA under acidic, neutral, and basic conditions were discussed. Increasing the extractant concentration significantly increased (especially in the range of 0.1-0.4 M) the yields, and temperature positively (but slightly) affected betaine extraction. The highest extraction efficiencies (∼71.5, 71, and 67.5% in a single step for aqueous betaine, vinasse, and molasses solutions, respectively) were obtained with toluene as an organic phase solvent, and it was followed by dimethyl phthalate, 1-octanol, or methyl isobutyl ketone, indicating that the efficiency increased with decreasing polarity. Recoveries from pure betaine solutions were higher (especially at higher pH values and [DNNDSA] < 0.5 M) than those from vinasse and molasses solutions, indicating the adverse influence of byproduct constituents; however, the lower yields were not due to sucrose. Stripping was affected by the type of organic phase solvent, and a significant amount (66-91% in single step) of betaine in the organic phase was transferred to the second aqueous phase using NaOH as the stripping agent. Reactive extraction has a great potential for use in betaine recovery due to its high efficiency, simplicity, low energy demand, and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Altinisik
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Konya Technical University, 42075 Konya, Turkey
| | - Hani Zeidan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Konya Technical University, 42075 Konya, Turkey
| | - M. Deniz Yilmaz
- Department
of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42140 Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa E. Marti
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Konya Technical University, 42075 Konya, Turkey
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Two New Relationships for Slip Velocity and Characteristic Velocity in a non-Center Rotating Column. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Asadollahzadeh M, Torkaman R, Torab-Mostaedi M, Saremi M. Recycling of zinc ions in disc-donut column considering forward mixing mass transfer, and effects of pulsed and non-pulsed condition. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1609. [PMID: 35102211 PMCID: PMC8804020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study focuses on the recovery of zinc ions by solvent extraction in the pulsed contactor. The Zn(II) ions from chloride solution were extracted into the organic phase containing di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) extractant. The resulting data were characterized for the relative amount of (a) pulsed and no-pulsed condition; and (b) flow rate of both phases. Based on the mass balance equations for the column performance description, numerical computations of mass transfer in a disc-donut column were conducted and validated the experimental data for zinc extraction. Four different models, such as plug flow, backflow, axial dispersion, and forward mixing were evaluated in this study. The results showed that the intensification of the process with the pulsed condition increased and achieved higher mass transfer rates. The forward mixing model findings based on the curve fitting approach validated well with the experimental data. The results showed that an increase in pulsation intensity, as well as the phase flow rates, have a positive impact on the performance of the extractor. In contrast, the enhancement of flow rate led to the reduction of the described model parameters for the adverse phase.
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Asadollahzadeh M, Torkaman R. Extraction of dysprosium from waste neodymium magnet solution with ionic liquids and ultrasound irradiation procedure. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Henriques B, Morais T, Cardoso CED, Freitas R, Viana T, Ferreira N, Fabre E, Pinheiro-Torres J, Pereira E. Can the recycling of europium from contaminated waters be achieved through living macroalgae? Study on accumulation and toxicological impacts under realistic concentrations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147176. [PMID: 33971602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Europium (Eu) strategic importance for the manufacturing industry, high economic value and high supply risk, categorizes it as critical raw material. Due to anthropogenic contamination, Eu levels in ecosystems have been growing, which opens opportunities for innovation: its recovery and recycling from contaminated water as element source - circular economy. In this pioneering study, six widely available living marine macroalgae (Ulva intestinalis, Ulva lactuca, Gracilaria sp., Osmundea pinnatifida, Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus spiralis) were characterized (water content and specific surface area) and evaluated in the pre-concentration and recovery of Eu from contaminated seawater, under different relevant contamination scenarios (10, 152 and 500 μg L-1). U. lactuca and Gracilaria sp. (3 g L-1, fresh weight) proved to be the most effective in removing Eu, reaching up to 85% in 72 h, while the highest Eu enrichment was observed in U. intestinalis biomass, up to 827 μg g-1 (bioconcentration factor of 1800), which is higher than Eu levels in common apatite ores. The effect of Eu exposure on macroalgae growth rate and organism biochemical performance (LPO, SOD, GPx and GSTs) was also evaluated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Although no cellular damage was recorded, findings revealed toxicity and defence mechanisms activation, emphasizing the need of further studies on the potential risks associated with the presence of this emerging contaminant in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Henriques
- LAQV-REQUIMTE - Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Morais
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Celso E D Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE - Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Thainara Viana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nicole Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elaine Fabre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Eduarda Pereira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE - Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Hendre NV, Hinge SP, Patwardhan AW. Scale-Up Study on the Performance of the Asymmetric Rotating Impeller Extraction Column. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh V. Hendre
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Shruti P. Hinge
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Ashwin W. Patwardhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
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Fazil S, Menaa F, Liaqat K, Khan MH, Rehman W, Khan MM, Siraj Ul Haq, Sajid M, Farooq M, Menaa B, Hafeez M. Synergistic Extraction of Europium (III) using Di-n-Butylsulfoxide and PicrolonicAcid. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:861-869. [PMID: 33568027 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210210105511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE Europium (Eu(III))isa rare-earth metal, the softest, least dense, and most volatile member of lanthanides. It is greatly applied in control rods of nuclear reactors. Although various extraction methods of Eu(III)have been reported, we present a novel mixture ofeasily available extractants in optimizedexperimental conditions to extract it efficiently, quickly, and cost-effectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS Physical-chemical conditions (e.g. pH, equilibration time, temperature, europium concentration, extractants concentration, presence of specific metal ions) were optimized. The extractantspicrolonic acid (HPA) and di-n-butylsulfoxide (DBSO) were thoroughly mixed at equal concentrationin chloroform. Standard Eu(III) solution was used for method accuracy.Reagent blank was prepared under identical conditions but without metal ions.Using the metallochromic dye arsenazoIII as blank, absorbance of Eu(III) was measured spectrophotometricallyat 651 nm. Distribution ratio (i.e.Eu(III) concentration in aqueous phase before and after extraction) defined the extraction yield. RESULTS HPA/DBSO mixture (0.01 M)had a synergistic effect on Eu(III) extraction (1.19×10-5 mole/dm3) achieving a maximum yield (≥99%) at pH2, during 5 minutes equilibration,atroom temperature.Eu(III) extraction was reduced depending on the nature but not on the metal ions concentration. Extractants could be recycled four times without consequent degradation. Deionized water (dH2O) was the best strippantbesides its availability and low-cost. The composition of the extracted adduct was defined as Eu(PA)3.2DBSO. CONCLUSION This alternative method was stable, simple, rapid, cost-effective, reliable, accurate and sensitive.It could be used forEu(III) extraction and refining on a pilot plant scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srosh Fazil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir. Pakistan
| | - Farid Menaa
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomedicine, California Innovations Corporation, San Diego, CA. United States
| | - Khurram Liaqat
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, KPK. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Haleem Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad. Pakistan
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, KPK. Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Mansoob Khan
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE 1410. Brunei Darussalam
| | - Siraj Ul Haq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- 6Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, KPK. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Physics, Hazara University, Mansehra, KPK. Pakistan
| | - Bouzid Menaa
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomedicine, California Innovations Corporation, San Diego, CA. United States
| | - Muhammad Hafeez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad . Pakistan
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Shakib B, Torkaman R, Torab-Mostaedi M, Asadollahzadeh M. Proficiency of tellurium extraction in pulsed disc and doughnut columns. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1851259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benyamin Shakib
- Department of Energy Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Torkaman
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Torab-Mostaedi
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Asadollahzadeh
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
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