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Han Y, Zhang S, Wang Y, Gao J, Han J, Yan Z, Ta Y, Wang Y. Enhancing the yield of Xenocoumacin 1 in Xenorhabdus nematophila YL001 by optimizing the fermentation process. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13506. [PMID: 38866882 PMCID: PMC11169479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Xenocoumacin 1 (Xcn 1), antibiotic discovered from secondary metabolites of Xenorhabdus nematophila, had the potential to develop into a new pesticide due to its excellent activity against bacteria, oomycetes and fungi. However, the current low yield of Xcn1 limits its development and utilization. To improve the yield of Xcn1, response surface methodology was used to determine the optimal composition of fermentation medium and one factor at a time approach was utilized to optimize the fermentation process. The optimal medium composed of in g/L: proteose peptone 20.8; maltose 12.74; K2HPO4 3.77. The optimal fermentation conditions were that 25 °C, initial pH 7.0, inoculum size 10%, culture medium 75 mL in a 250 mL shake flask with an agitation rate of 150 rpm for 48 h. Xenorhabdus nematophila YL001 was produced the highest Xcn1 yield (173.99 mg/L) when arginine was added to the broth with 3 mmol/L at the 12th h. Compared with Tryptic Soy Broth medium, the optimized fermentation process resulted in a 243.38% increase in Xcn1 production. The obtained results confirmed that optimizing fermentation technology led to an increase in Xcn1 yield. This work would be helpful for efficient Xcn1 production and lay a foundation for its industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shujing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, 58 People's Avenue, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiangtao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinhua Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongquan Ta
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Duan J, Yuan B, Jia F, Li X, Chen C, Li G. Development of an Efficient and Seamless Genetic Manipulation Method for Xenorhabdus and Its Application for Enhancing the Production of Fabclavines. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:274-283. [PMID: 38109418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Xenorhabdus can produce numerous natural products, but their development has been hampered by the lack of a seamless genetic manipulation method. In this study, we compared several lethal genes and determined the sacB gene as the most effective counter-selection marker and then established a dual selection/counter-selection system by integrating neo and sacB genes into one cassette. This provides an efficient and seamless genetic manipulation method for Xenorhabdus. Using this method, DNA fragments ranging from 205 to 47,788 bp in length were seamlessly knocked out or replaced with impressively high positive rates of 80 to 100% in Xenorhabdus budapestensis XBD8. In addition, the method was successfully applied with good efficiency (45-100%) in Xenorhabdus nematophila CB6. To further validate the method, different constitutive promoters were used to replace the native fclC promoter in a batch experiment. The positivity rate remained consistently high, at 46.3%. In comparison to WT XBD8, the recombinant strain MX14 demonstrated a significant increase in the production of fabclavine 7 and fabclavine 8 by 4.97-fold and 3.22-fold, respectively, while the overall production of fabclavines was enhanced by 3.52-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Baoming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fenglian Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Green Agricultural Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guangyue Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Xu Z, Tian P. Rethinking Biosynthesis of Aclacinomycin A. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062761. [PMID: 36985733 PMCID: PMC10054333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aclacinomycin A (ACM-A) is an anthracycline antitumor agent widely used in clinical practice. The current industrial production of ACM-A relies primarily on chemical synthesis and microbial fermentation. However, chemical synthesis involves multiple reactions which give rise to high production costs and environmental pollution. Microbial fermentation is a sustainable strategy, yet the current fermentation yield is too low to satisfy market demand. Hence, strain improvement is highly desirable, and tremendous endeavors have been made to decipher biosynthesis pathways and modify key enzymes. In this review, we comprehensively describe the reported biosynthesis pathways, key enzymes, and, especially, catalytic mechanisms. In addition, we come up with strategies to uncover unknown enzymes and improve the activities of rate-limiting enzymes. Overall, this review aims to provide valuable insights for complete biosynthesis of ACM-A.
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Abd-Elgawad MMM. Xenorhabdus spp.: An Overview of the Useful Facets of Mutualistic Bacteria of Entomopathogenic Nematodes. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1360. [PMID: 36143397 PMCID: PMC9503066 DOI: 10.3390/life12091360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting concern over the misuse of chemical pesticides has sparked broad interest for safe and effective alternatives to control plant pests and pathogens. Xenorhabdus bacteria, as pesticidal symbionts of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema species, can contribute to this solution with a treasure trove of insecticidal compounds and an ability to suppress a variety of plant pathogens. As many challenges face sound exploitation of plant-phytonematode interactions, a full useful spectrum of such interactions should address nematicidal activity of Xenorhabdus. Steinernema-Xenorhabdus complex or Xenorhabdus individually should be involved in mechanisms underlying the favorable side of plant-nematode interactions in emerging cropping systems. Using Xenorhabdus bacteria should earnestly be harnessed to control not only phytonematodes, but also other plant pests and pathogens within integrated pest management plans. This review highlights the significance of fitting Xenorhabdus-obtained insecticidal, nematicidal, fungicidal, acaricidal, pharmaceutical, antimicrobial, and toxic compounds into existing, or arising, holistic strategies, for controlling many pests/pathogens. The widespread utilization of Xenorhabdus bacteria, however, has been slow-going, due to costs and some issues with their commercial processing. Yet, advances have been ongoing via further mastering of genome sequencing, discovering more of the beneficial Xenorhabdus species/strains, and their successful experimentations for pest control. Their documented pathogenicity to a broad range of arthropods and pathogens and versatility bode well for useful industrial products. The numerous beneficial traits of Xenorhabdus bacteria can facilitate their integration with other tactics for better pest/disease management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfouz M M Abd-Elgawad
- Plant Pathology Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Division, National Research Centre, El-Behooth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Fordjour E, Mensah EO, Hao Y, Yang Y, Liu X, Li Y, Liu CL, Bai Z. Toward improved terpenoids biosynthesis: strategies to enhance the capabilities of cell factories. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:6. [PMID: 38647812 PMCID: PMC10992668 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids form the most diversified class of natural products, which have gained application in the pharmaceutical, food, transportation, and fine and bulk chemical industries. Extraction from naturally occurring sources does not meet industrial demands, whereas chemical synthesis is often associated with poor enantio-selectivity, harsh working conditions, and environmental pollutions. Microbial cell factories come as a suitable replacement. However, designing efficient microbial platforms for isoprenoid synthesis is often a challenging task. This has to do with the cytotoxic effects of pathway intermediates and some end products, instability of expressed pathways, as well as high enzyme promiscuity. Also, the low enzymatic activity of some terpene synthases and prenyltransferases, and the lack of an efficient throughput system to screen improved high-performing strains are bottlenecks in strain development. Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology seek to overcome these issues through the provision of effective synthetic tools. This review sought to provide an in-depth description of novel strategies for improving cell factory performance. We focused on improving transcriptional and translational efficiencies through static and dynamic regulatory elements, enzyme engineering and high-throughput screening strategies, cellular function enhancement through chromosomal integration, metabolite tolerance, and modularization of pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Fordjour
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Emmanuel Osei Mensah
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yunpeng Hao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yankun Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiuxia Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ye Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chun-Li Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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