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Sahoo SK, Ommi O, Maddipatla S, Singh P, Ahmad MN, Kaul G, Nanduri S, Dasgupta A, Chopra S, Yaddanapudi VM. Isoxazole carboxylic acid methyl ester-based urea and thiourea derivatives as promising antitubercular agents. Mol Divers 2023; 27:2037-2052. [PMID: 36282413 PMCID: PMC9592870 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
In our continued efforts to find potential chemotherapeutics active against drug-resistant (DR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), causative agent of Tuberculosis (TB) and to curb the current burdensome treatment regimen, herein we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of urea and thiourea variants of 5-phenyl-3-isoxazolecarboxylic acid methyl esters as promising anti-TB agent. Majority of the tested compounds displayed potent in vitro activity not only against drug-susceptible (DS) Mtb H37Rv but also against drug-resistant (DR) Mtb. Cell viability test against Vero cells deemed these compounds devoid of significant toxicity. 3,4-Dichlorophenyl derivative (MIC 0.25 µg/mL) and 4-chlorophenyl congener (MIC 1 µg/mL) among urea and thiourea libraries respectively exhibited optimum potency. Lead optimization resulted in the identification of 1,4-linked analogue of 3,4-dichlorophenyl urea derivative demonstrating improved selectivity. Further, in silico study complemented with previously proposed prodrug like attributes of isoxazole esters. Taken together, this molecular hybridization approach presents a new chemotype having potential to be translated into an alternate anti-Mtb agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Ojaswitha Ommi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Sarvan Maddipatla
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Priti Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Mohammad Naiyaz Ahmad
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
- AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
- AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Arunava Dasgupta
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India.
- AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India.
- AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Venkata Madhavi Yaddanapudi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
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Abdellah IM, Eletmany MR, Abdelhamid AA, Alghamdi HS, Abdalla AN, Elhenawy AA, Latif FMAE. One-pot synthesis of novel poly-substituted 3-cyanopyridines: Molecular docking, antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, and DFT/TD-DFT studies. J Mol Struct 2023; 1289:135864. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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3
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Naidu A, Nayak SS, Lulu S S, Sundararajan V. Advances in computational frameworks in the fight against TB: The way forward. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1152915. [PMID: 37077815 PMCID: PMC10106641 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1152915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Around 1.6 million people lost their life to Tuberculosis in 2021 according to WHO estimates. Although an intensive treatment plan exists against the causal agent, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, evolution of multi-drug resistant strains of the pathogen puts a large number of global populations at risk. Vaccine which can induce long-term protection is still in the making with many candidates currently in different phases of clinical trials. The COVID-19 pandemic has further aggravated the adversities by affecting early TB diagnosis and treatment. Yet, WHO remains adamant on its "End TB" strategy and aims to substantially reduce TB incidence and deaths by the year 2035. Such an ambitious goal would require a multi-sectoral approach which would greatly benefit from the latest computational advancements. To highlight the progress of these tools against TB, through this review, we summarize recent studies which have used advanced computational tools and algorithms for-early TB diagnosis, anti-mycobacterium drug discovery and in the designing of the next-generation of TB vaccines. At the end, we give an insight on other computational tools and Machine Learning approaches which have successfully been applied in biomedical research and discuss their prospects and applications against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vino Sundararajan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
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4
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5-(4-Nitrophenyl)furan-2-carboxylic Acid. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-evolving research in the field of antitubercular agents has led to the identification of several new potential drug classes. Among them, 5-phenyl-furan-2-carboxylic acids have emerged as innovative potential therapeutics, targeting iron acquisition in mycobacterial species. In our efforts to characterize the molecular interactions between these compounds and their protein target (MbtI from M. tuberculosis) by means of co-crystallization experiments, we unexpectedly obtained the structure of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid (1). Herein, we describe the preparation of the compound and its analysis by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS, and SC-XRD.
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Young RJ, Flitsch SL, Grigalunas M, Leeson PD, Quinn RJ, Turner NJ, Waldmann H. The Time and Place for Nature in Drug Discovery. JACS AU 2022; 2:2400-2416. [PMID: 36465532 PMCID: PMC9709949 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The case for a renewed focus on Nature in drug discovery is reviewed; not in terms of natural product screening, but how and why biomimetic molecules, especially those produced by natural processes, should deliver in the age of artificial intelligence and screening of vast collections both in vitro and in silico. The declining natural product-likeness of licensed drugs and the consequent physicochemical implications of this trend in the context of current practices are noted. To arrest these trends, the logic of seeking new bioactive agents with enhanced natural mimicry is considered; notably that molecules constructed by proteins (enzymes) are more likely to interact with other proteins (e.g., targets and transporters), a notion validated by natural products. Nature's finite number of building blocks and their interactions necessarily reduce potential numbers of structures, yet these enable expansion of chemical space with their inherent diversity of physical characteristics, pertinent to property-based design. The feasible variations on natural motifs are considered and expanded to encompass pseudo-natural products, leading to the further logical step of harnessing bioprocessing routes to access them. Together, these offer opportunities for enhancing natural mimicry, thereby bringing innovation to drug synthesis exploiting the characteristics of natural recognition processes. The potential for computational guidance to help identifying binding commonalities in the route map is a logical opportunity to enable the design of tailored molecules, with a focus on "organic/biological" rather than purely "synthetic" structures. The design and synthesis of prototype structures should pay dividends in the disposition and efficacy of the molecules, while inherently enabling greener and more sustainable manufacturing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester,
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Grigalunas
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute
of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Paul D. Leeson
- Paul
Leeson Consulting Limited, The Malt House, Main Street, Congerstone, Nuneaton, Warwickshire CV13 6LZ, U.K.
| | - Ronald J. Quinn
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester,
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute
of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Faculty of
Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical
University of Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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6
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Methyl 5-(2-Fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)furan-2-carboxylate. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Phenyl-furan-2-carboxylic acids have emerged as a new, promising class of antimycobacterial agents that have the ability to interfere with iron homeostasis. Considering the lack of structural data on these compounds, we analyzed the crystal of a fluorinated ester derivative of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid, one of the most potent candidates in the series. Here, we describe the preparation of methyl 5-(2-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)furan-2-carboxylate (1) and its analysis by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HRMS, and SC-XRD.
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Sakallioglu IT, Barletta RG, Dussault PH, Powers R. Deciphering the mechanism of action of antitubercular compounds with metabolomics. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4284-4299. [PMID: 34429848 PMCID: PMC8358470 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), one of the oldest and deadliest bacterial diseases, continues to cause serious global economic, health, and social problems. Current TB treatments are lengthy, expensive, and routinely ineffective against emerging drug resistant strains. Thus, there is an urgent need for the identification and development of novel TB drugs possessing comprehensive and specific mechanisms of action (MoAs). Metabolomics is a valuable approach to elucidating the MoA, toxicity, and potency of promising chemical leads, which is a critical step of the drug discovery process. Recent advances in metabolomics methodologies for deciphering MoAs include high-throughput screening techniques, the integration of multiple omics methods, mass spectrometry imaging, and software for automated analysis. This review describes recently introduced metabolomics methodologies and techniques for drug discovery, highlighting specific applications to the discovery of new antitubercular drugs and the elucidation of their MoAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isin T. Sakallioglu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Raúl G. Barletta
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA
| | - Patrick H. Dussault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
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8
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Kingdon ADH, Alderwick LJ. Structure-based in silico approaches for drug discovery against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:3708-3719. [PMID: 34285773 PMCID: PMC8258792 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of TB and was estimated to cause 1.4 million death in 2019, alongside 10 million new infections. Drug resistance is a growing issue, with multi-drug resistant infections representing 3.3% of all new infections, hence novel antimycobacterial drugs are urgently required to combat this growing health emergency. Alongside this, increased knowledge of gene essentiality in the pathogenic organism and larger compound databases can aid in the discovery of new drug compounds. The number of protein structures, X-ray based and modelled, is increasing and now accounts for greater than > 80% of all predicted M. tuberculosis proteins; allowing novel targets to be investigated. This review will focus on structure-based in silico approaches for drug discovery, covering a range of complexities and computational demands, with associated antimycobacterial examples. This includes molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulations, ensemble docking and free energy calculations. Applications of machine learning onto each of these approaches will be discussed. The need for experimental validation of computational hits is an essential component, which is unfortunately missing from many current studies. The future outlooks of these approaches will also be discussed.
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Key Words
- CV, collective variable
- Docking
- Drug discovery
- In silico
- LIE, Linear Interaction Energy
- MD, Molecular Dynamic
- MDR, multi-drug resistant
- MMPB(GB)SA, Molecular Mechanics with Poisson Boltzmann (or generalised Born) and Surface Area solvation
- Machine learning
- Mt, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- PTC, peptidyl transferase centre
- RMSD, root-mean square-deviation
- Tuberculosis, TB
- cMD, Classical Molecular Dynamic
- cryo-EM, cryogenic electron microscopy
- ns, nanosecond
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D H Kingdon
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Luke J Alderwick
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Sahoo SK, Rani B, Gaikwad NB, Ahmad MN, Kaul G, Shukla M, Nanduri S, Dasgupta A, Chopra S, Yaddanapudi VM. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of new chalcone linked 5-phenyl-3-isoxazolecarboxylic acid methyl esters potentially active against drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 222:113580. [PMID: 34116324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In search of novel therapeutic agents active against emerging drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to counter the long treatment protocol of existing drugs, herein we present synthesis and biological evaluation of a new series of 5-phenyl-3-isoxazolecarboxylic acid methyl ester-chalcone hybrids. Among 35 synthesized compounds, 32 analogues displayed potent in-vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC 0.12-16 μg/mL. Cell viability test against Vero cells indicated 29 compounds to be non-cytotoxic (CC50 > 20 μg/mL & SI > 10). Most potent compounds with MIC 0.12 μg/mL (7 b, 7j, 7 ab) exhibited selectivity index (SI) in excess of 320. Further studies on activity against drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed 7j as the most potent compound with MIC 0.03-0.5 μg/mL. Time-kill kinetic study suggested compound 7j displaying concentration-dependent bactericidal killing activity with relatively comparable potency to that of current first-line anti-TB drugs. Taken together, 7j presents a novel hit with potential to be translated into a potent antimycobacterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Process Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Bandela Rani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Process Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Nikhil Baliram Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Process Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Mohammad Naiyaz Ahmad
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India; AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India; AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Manjulika Shukla
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Process Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Arunava Dasgupta
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India; AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India; AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Venkata Madhavi Yaddanapudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Process Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India.
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10
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Melo de Oliveira VN, Flávia do Amaral Moura C, Peixoto ADS, Gonçalves Ferreira VP, Araújo HM, Lapa Montenegro Pimentel LM, Pessoa CDÓ, Nicolete R, Versiani Dos Anjos J, Sharma PP, Rathi B, Pena LJ, Rollin P, Tatibouët A, Nascimento de Oliveira R. Synthesis of alkynylated 1,2,4-oxadiazole/1,2,3-1H-triazole glycoconjugates: Discovering new compounds for use in chemotherapy against lung carcinoma and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113472. [PMID: 33940463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A total of forty-three compounds were synthesized, including thirty-two new ones. Among those compounds, seventeen were selected and tested on human tumor cell lines: PC-3 (prostate adenocarcinoma), HCT-116 (colorectal tumor), NCIH-460 (lung carcinoma), SKMEL-103 (melanoma) and AGP-01 (gastric tumor). Alkynylated 1,2,4-oxadiazoles 2m, 3g and 3k exhibited antiproliferative activities against NCIH-460 in culture. Alkynylated N-cyclohexyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles 3a-m and bis-heterocycle glucoglycero-1,2,3-triazole-N-cyclohexyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives 5a-k and 6-11 were evaluated for their in vitro efficacy towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Ra and H37Rv strains. In general, glycerosugars conjugated to 1,2,4-oxadiazole via a 1,2,3-triazole linkage (5a, 5e, 5j, 5k, and 7) showed in vitro inhibitory activity against Mtb (H37Rv). The largest molecules bis-triazoles 10 and 11, proved inactive against TB. Probably, the absence of the N-cyclohexyl group in compound 8 and 1,2,4-oxadiazole nucleus in compound 9 were responsible for its low activity. Glucoglycero-triazole-oxadiazole derivatives 5e (10 μM) and 7 (23.9 μM) were the most promising antitubercular compounds, showing a better selective index than when tested against RAW 264.7 and HepG2 cells. Vero cell were used to investigate cytotoxicity of compounds 5a, 5h, 5j, 5k, and these compounds showed good cell viability. Further, in silico studies were performed for most active compounds (5e and 7) with potential drug targets, DprE1 and InhA of Mtb to understand possible interactions aided with molecular dynamic simulation (100ns).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vanessa Pinheiro Gonçalves Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Nucleo de Pesquisa Em Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Universidade Federal Do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Eusebio, Brazil
| | - Héverton Mendes Araújo
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Nucleo de Pesquisa Em Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Universidade Federal Do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Eusebio, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia do Ó Pessoa
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Nucleo de Pesquisa Em Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Universidade Federal Do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Roberto Nicolete
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Nucleo de Pesquisa Em Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Universidade Federal Do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Eusebio, Brazil
| | | | - Prem Prakash Sharma
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College University Enclave, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Brijesh Rathi
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College University Enclave, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Lindomar José Pena
- Department of Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, 50740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Patrick Rollin
- Universite D'Orleans et CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, BP 6759, F-45067, Orleans, France
| | - Arnaud Tatibouët
- Universite D'Orleans et CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, BP 6759, F-45067, Orleans, France
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Malík I, Čižmárik J, Kováč G, Pecháčová M, Hudecova L. Telacebec (Q203): Is there a novel effective and safe anti-tuberculosis drug on the horizon? CESKA A SLOVENSKA FARMACIE : CASOPIS CESKE FARMACEUTICKE SPOLECNOSTI A SLOVENSKE FARMACEUTICKE SPOLECNOSTI 2021; 70:164–171. [PMID: 34875838 DOI: 10.5817/csf2021-5-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High prevalence and stronger emergency of various forms of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB), including the multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) as well as extensively drug-resistant (XDR-TB) ones, caused by variously resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogens, make first-line anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) agents therapeutically more and more ineffective. Therefore, there is an imperative to develop novel highly efficient (synthetic) agents against both drug-sensitive-TB and DR-TB. The exploration of various heterocycles as prospective core scaffolds for the discovery, development and optimization of anti-TB drugs remains an intriguing scientific endeavour. Telacebec (Q203; TCB), a molecule containing an imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide (IPA) structural motif, is considered a novel very promising anti-TB agent showing a unique mechanism of action. The compound blocks oxidative phosphorylation by inhibiting a mycobacterial respiratory chain due to interference with a specific cytochrome b subunit (QcrB) of transmembrane bc1 menaquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase as an essential component for transporting electrons across the membrane from menaquinol to other specific subunit, cytochrome c (QcrC). Thus, the ability of mycobacteria to synthesize adenosine-5´-triphosphate is limited and energy generating machinery is disabled. The TCB molecule effectively fights drug-susceptible, MDR as well as XDR M. tuberculosis strains. The article briefly explains a mechanism of an anti-TB action related to the compounds containing a variously substituted IPA scaffold and is focused on their fundamental structure-anti-TB activity relationships as well. Special consideration is paid to TCB indicating the importance of particular structural fragments for maintaining (or even improving) favourable pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and/or toxicological properties. High lipophilicity of TCB might be regarded as one of the key physicochemical properties with positive impact on anti-TB effect of the drug. In January 2021, the TCB molecule was also involved in phase-II clinical trials focused on the treatment of Coronavirus Disease-19 caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.
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