1
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Singh VK, Singh D, Kumar H, Joshi PC, Singh V, Shukla P, Sharma T, Rajaraman G, Nagendran S. ATI Stabilized Germylene Cation as a Cyanosilylation Catalyst for Aldehydes and Ketones. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400138. [PMID: 38733617 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The aminotroponiminate (ATI) ligand stabilized germylene cation [(i-Bu)2ATIGe][B(C6F5)4] (2) is found to be an efficient low-valent main-group catalyst for the cyanosilylation of aldehydes and ketones (ATI=aminotroponiminate). It was synthesized by reacting [(i-Bu)2ATIGeCl] (1) with Na[B(C6F5)4]. The catalytic cyanosilylation of diverse aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) using 0.075-0.75 mol% of compound 2 was completed within 5-45 min. The catalytic efficiency seen with aliphatic aldehydes was around 15,800 h-1, making compound 2 a capable low-valent main-group catalyst for the aldehyde and ketone cyanosilylation reactions. Further, DFT calculations reveal a pronounced charge localization at the germanium atom of compound 2, leading to its superior catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi) Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Dharmendra Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi) Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi) Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Prakash Chandra Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi) Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi) Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Pratima Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi) Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Tanu Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay), Mumbai, India
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay), Mumbai, India
| | - Selvarajan Nagendran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi) Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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2
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Sen N, Sarkar P, Meena Y, Tothadi S, Pati SK, Khan S. Synthesis and catalytic application of a donor-free bismuthenium cation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6877-6880. [PMID: 38873969 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01805b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and catalytic application of a new N,N'-dineopentyl-1,2-phenylenediamine-based bismuthenium cation (3). 3 has been synthesized via the treatment of chlorobismuthane LBiCl [L = 1,2-C6H4{N(CH2tBu)}2] (2) with AgSbF6, and was further used as a robust catalyst for the cyanosilylation of ketones under mild reaction conditions. Experimental studies and DFT calculations were performed to understand the mechanistic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjana Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Pallavi Sarkar
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore-560064, India.
| | - Yadram Meena
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Srinu Tothadi
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, UP, India
| | - Swapan K Pati
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore-560064, India.
| | - Shabana Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
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3
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Pawar T, Jimenez-Halla JOC, Martinez-Valencia DI, Kokate SV, Delgado-Alvarado E, Olivares-Romero JL. Investigation of Enantioselectivity Using TADDOL Derivatives as Chiral Ligands in Asymmetric Cyanation Reactions. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:29035-29040. [PMID: 38973892 PMCID: PMC11223135 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the enantioselectivity challenges of asymmetric cyanation reactions using TADDOL derivatives as chiral ligands, specifically focusing on the cyanosilylation of aldehydes and the cyanation of imines. Despite extensive optimization efforts, the highest achieved ee was only modest, peaking at 71% for the cyanosilylation reaction, while the cyanation of imines consistently resulted in racemic mixtures. Our comprehensive analysis, supported by experimental data and computational modeling, reveals significant barriers to enhancing the enantioselectivity. The results highlight a complex interplay between ligand structure and reaction conditions, demonstrating that even promising ligands such as TADDOL derivatives face substantial challenges in these reaction types. This study underscores the importance of understanding the mechanistic details through computational insights to guide future improvements in asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar
Janardan Pawar
- Red
de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster
Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic del Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Carretera Antigua a Coatepec
351, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, México
| | - J. Oscar C. Jimenez-Halla
- Departamento
de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, México
| | - Darien I. Martinez-Valencia
- Departamento
de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, México
| | - Siddhant V. Kokate
- Department
of Chemistry, S.S.C. College, Junnar, Pune410502, Maharashtra, India
| | - Enrique Delgado-Alvarado
- Micro
and Nanotechnology Research Center, Universidad
Veracruzana, Blvd. Av. Ruiz Cortines No. 455 Fracc. Costa Verde, Boca del Río, Veracruz 94294, México
| | - José Luis Olivares-Romero
- Red
de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster
Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic del Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Carretera Antigua a Coatepec
351, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, México
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4
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Akhtar R, Gaurav K, Khan S. Applications of low-valent compounds with heavy group-14 elements. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6150-6243. [PMID: 38757535 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00101j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the low-valent compounds of group-14 elements have received significant attention in several fields of chemistry owing to their unique electronic properties. The low-valent group-14 species include tetrylenes, tetryliumylidene, tetrylones, dimetallenes and dimetallynes. These low-valent group-14 species have shown applications in various areas such as organic transformations (hydroboration, cyanosilylation, N-functionalisation of amines, and hydroamination), small molecule activation (e.g. P4, As4, CO2, CO, H2, alkene, and alkyne) and materials. This review presents an in-depth discussion on low-valent group-14 species-catalyzed reactions, including polymerization of rac-lactide, L-lactide, DL-lactide, and caprolactone, followed by their photophysical properties (phosphorescence and fluorescence), thin film deposition (atomic layer deposition and vapor phase deposition), and medicinal applications. This review concisely summarizes current developments of low-valent heavier group-14 compounds, covering synthetic methodologies, structural aspects, and their applications in various fields of chemistry. Finally, their opportunities and challenges are examined and emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruksana Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Kumar Gaurav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Shabana Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
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5
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Kumar M, Nayek HP. Syntheses and exploration of the catalytic activities of organotin(IV) compounds. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9827-9837. [PMID: 38804088 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00646a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Six organotin(IV) compounds (1-6) have been synthesized by reaction of the polydentate pro-ligands H3L and H2L, respectively, with the corresponding diorganotin chlorides. All of the compounds were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H, 13C{1H}, and 119Sn (1H) NMR spectroscopy, HRMS spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The solid-state structures show that all of the compounds are monomeric (except compound 3) and contain a penta-coordinated tin atom. Compound 3 is a dimer with two hexa-coordinated tin atoms. Compounds 1-3 contain a non-coordinated hydroxymethyl group. All of the compounds have been screened for their catalytic efficacy in the synthesis of 1,2 disubstituted benzimidazoles using o-phenylenediamine and aldehyde derivatives. It has been observed that both the Lewis acidic Sn(IV) centre and the hydroxymethyl group (hydrogen bond donor) catalyse the reactions with a product yield of up to 92%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Hari Pada Nayek
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand, India.
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6
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Basu D, Ghosh B, Srivastava D, Patra N, Nayek HP. Mononuclear organogermanium(IV) catalysts for a [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5648-5657. [PMID: 38441230 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00239c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Three mononuclear Ge(IV) compounds, [(C6H5)2Ge(C13H8N2O4)] (1), [(C6H5)2Ge(C14H10N2O5)] (2), and [(C6H5)2Ge(C14H11NO3)] (3), have been synthesized by the reaction of pro-ligands H2L1 (C13H10N2O4), H2L2 (C14H12N2O5), and H2L3 (C14H13NO3) with (C6H5)2GeCl2 in the presence of triethylamine. All compounds were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the germanium(IV) atom exhibits a five-coordinated geometry in compounds 1 and 2. All compounds were screened as Lewis acid catalysts in the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between sodium azide and various nitriles. The reactions resulted in the formation of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles with yields of up to 96%. Based on the experimental findings and DFT calculations, a plausible mechanism is proposed for the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debayan Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Barshali Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Diship Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Niladri Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Hari Pada Nayek
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand, India.
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7
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Lan X, Zhang X, Mei Y, Hu C, Liu LL. Utilizing bis(imino)dihydroacridanide pincer ligands in p-block chemistry: synthesis and catalysis of an antimony monocation salt. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15660-15664. [PMID: 37859530 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03310d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
We present the synthesis and characterization of an Sb(III) monocation salt stabilized by a bulky bis(imino)dihydroacridanide pincer ligand. The Lewis acidity of the Sb cation is quantified using the Guttmann-Beckett method and confirmed by its reaction with 4-dimethylaminopyridine, which forms a Lewis acid-base adduct. This Sb cation exhibits catalytic activity in the cyanosilylation of arylketones. The electronic structure of the Sb cation as well as the mechanism of the catalytic transformation are explored by density functional theory computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Lan
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yanbo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Chaopeng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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8
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Shukla P, Nath Acharyya J, Mahawar P, Kumar H, Chandra Joshi P, Kumar Singh V, Vijaya Prakash G, Nagendran S. Germylenes Exhibiting Solid-State Emissions that Extend to NIR. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301486. [PMID: 37485580 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Low-valent main group compounds that fluoresce in the solid-state were previously unknown. To address this, we investigated room-temperature photoluminescence from a series of crystals of germylenes 3-8 in this article; they exhibited emissions nearly reaching the NIR. Germylene carboxylates (3-8) were synthesized by reacting dipyrromethene stabilized germylene pyrrolide (2) with carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, benzoic acid, p-cyanobenzoic acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid, and acetylsalicylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Jitendra Nath Acharyya
- Nanophotonics Labs, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Pritam Mahawar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Prakash Chandra Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - G Vijaya Prakash
- Nanophotonics Labs, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Selvarajan Nagendran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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9
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Xu P, Shen C, Xu A, Low K, Huang Z. Desymmetric Cyanosilylation of Acyclic 1,3‐Diketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208443. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Chang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Aiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Kam‐Hung Low
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Zhongxing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
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10
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Sen N, Gothe P, Sarkar P, Das S, Tothadi S, Pati SK, Khan S. Donor free stibenium cation as an efficient cyanosilylation catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10380-10383. [PMID: 36039684 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03158b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel stibenium cations and their catalytic application in cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds have been described. Treatment of chlorostibine L1SbCl [L1 = 1,2-C6H4{N(CH2tBu)}2] (2) with 1 equiv. of AgOTf and AgSbF6 resulted in the formation of donor free L1SbOTf (3) and [L1Sb]+[SbF6]- (4), respectively. Among these three compounds, 4 exhibits excellent catalytic activity towards the cyanosilylation of aldehydes and ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjana Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Prachi Gothe
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Pallavi Sarkar
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore-560064, India.
| | - Shubhajit Das
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore-560064, India.
| | - Srinu Tothadi
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, UP, India
| | - Swapan K Pati
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore-560064, India.
| | - Shabana Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
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11
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Xu P, Shen C, Xu A, Low KH, Huang Z. Desymmetric Cyanosilylation of Acyclic 1,3‐Diketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xu
- University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Chang Shen
- University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Aiqing Xu
- University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Zhongxing Huang
- University of Hong Kong Chemistry RM 608 Chong Yuet Ming Chemistry Building na Hong Kong HONG KONG
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12
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Khuntia AP, Sarkar N, Patro AG, Sahoo RK, Nembenna S. Germanium Hydride Catalyzed Selective Hydroboration and Cyanosilylation of Ketones. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anwesh Prasad Khuntia
- National Institute of Science Education and Research School of Chemical Sciences SCS NISERbhubaneswar 752050 bhubaneswar INDIA
| | - Nabin Sarkar
- National Institute of Science Education and Research School of Chemical Sciences INDIA
| | - A Ganesh Patro
- National Institute of Science Education and Research School of Chemical Sciences SCS NISERbhubaneswar 752050 bhubaneswar INDIA
| | - Rajata Kumar Sahoo
- National Institute of Science Education and Research School of Chemical Sciences SCS NISERbhubaneswar 752050 bhubaneswar INDIA
| | - Sharanappa Nembenna
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) School of Chemical Sciences Jatni CampusNISER, BhubaneswarINDIA 752050 Bhubaneswar INDIA
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13
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Weng ZZ, Xie J, Huang KX, Li JP, Long LS, Kong XJ, Zheng LS. Asymmetric Cyanosilylation of Aldehydes by a Lewis Acid/Base Synergistic Catalyst of Chiral Metal Clusters. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:4121-4129. [PMID: 35201748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metal clusters with well-defined crystal structures are extremely useful for studying the synergistic catalytic effects and associated catalytic mechanisms. In this study, two pairs of chiral lanthanide-transition metal clusters (R)/(S)-Co3Ln2 (Ln = Tb or Dy) were synthesized using Schiff-base ligands [(R)- or (S)-H3L] with multiple Lewis base sites (O sites). The as-prepared (R)/(S)-Co3Ln2 chiral metal clusters exhibited good catalytic functionality in the asymmetric synthesis of chiral cyanohydrins, with high conversions of up to 99% and medium-to-high enantiomeric excess values of up to 78%. The catalysis process followed a mechanism in which the bifunctional metal clusters of (R)/(S)-Co3Ln2, containing Lewis acid sites and Lewis base sites, simultaneously activated the aldehydes and trimethylsilyl cyanide, respectively. Consequently, synergistic catalysis was realized. The enantioselectivity of the different aldehydes and stereochemical configuration of the resulting products are attributed to the formation of a steric chiral pocket via the external chiral ligands on the clusters. In addition, heterogeneous asymmetric cyanosilylation using (R)/(S)-Co3Ln2 chiral metal clusters achieved high chemoselectivity and regioselectivity under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhang Weng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kai-Xin Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun-Ping Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - La-Sheng Long
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiang-Jian Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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14
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Deka H, Fridman N, Eisen MS. A Sacrificial Iminato Ligand in the Catalytic Cyanosilylation of Ketones Promoted by Organoactinide Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:3598-3606. [PMID: 35170954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Four new complexes containing the bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)thorium(IV) moiety, Cp*2Th(L1)(Me) (Th2), Cp*2Th(L2)(Me) (Th3), Cp*2Th(L1)Cl (Th5), and Cp*2Th(L2)Cl (Th6), were synthesized in quantitative yields via the protonolysis reaction of the metallocene precursor complexes Cp*2Th(Me)2 (Th1) and Cp*2Th(Me)Cl (Th4) and the respective six- and seven-membered N-heterocyclic neutral imine ligands L1H and L2H. The molecular structures of all the complexes were established by single-crystal X-ray structure analyses. The synthesized complexes along with the precursor complexes were employed as catalysts for the cyanosilylation reaction of ketones with trimethylsilyl cyanide (Me3SiCN). The removal of the iminato ligand is necessary to trigger the reaction, allowing the formation of the active catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanta Deka
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa City 3200003, Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa City 3200003, Israel
| | - Moris S Eisen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa City 3200003, Israel
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15
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Basu D, Nayek HP. Bis(catecholato)germane: An Effective Catalyst for Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Reaction. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10587-10594. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01721k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bis(catecholato)germane, [Ge(C6H4O2)2(H2O)2] (1) was synthesized by the reaction of catechol and germanium oxide in water according to a reported method. Complex 1 was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy and...
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16
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Saeed A, Zhang XY, Huang ZQ, Zhao XY, Xu L, Zhao Y, Sun WY, Zhao J. Metal–organic frameworks incorporating azobenzene-based ligands as a heterogeneous Lewis-acid catalyst for cyanosilylation of imines. RSC Adv 2022; 12:35461-35468. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06858c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel MOFs were synthesized by the reaction of azobenzene-based ligands with Zn(NO3)2/CdCO3 and could both function as heterogeneous Lewis-acid catalysts towards cyanosilylation of imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasim Saeed
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zi-Qing Huang
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin-Yang Zhao
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Data Engineering and Knowledge Service, School of Information Management, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei-Yin Sun
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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17
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Singh VK, Joshi PC, Kumar H, Siwatch RK, Jha CK, Nagendran S. Stannylene cyanide and its use as a cyanosilylation catalyst. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:16906-16914. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02721f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The usefulness of stannylene cyanide (ATISnCN (5); ATI = aminotroponiminate) as a catalyst for the cyanosilylation of aldehydes is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Prakash Chandra Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Siwatch
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Chandan Kumar Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Selvarajan Nagendran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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18
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Wilson DWN, Jones DDL, Smith CD, Mehta M, Jones C, Goicoechea JM. Reduction of tert-butylphosphaalkyne and trimethylsilylnitrile with magnesium(I) dimers. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:898-903. [PMID: 34935022 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03990c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report on the reactivity of magnesium(I) dimers, [Mg(nacnac)]2 (nacnac = HC[C(Me)N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)]2 ([DippLMg]2) and HC[C(Me)N(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)]2 ([MesLMg]2)), towards the phosphaalkyne tBuCP. The steric profile of the magnesium(I) dimer results in selectivity for different products. The larger diisopropylphenyl derivative yields exclusively the monomeric dimagnesiated phosphaalkene [DippLMg]PC(tBu)([DippLMg]) (1), while the mesityl derivative facilitates reductive coupling of two phosphaalkyne equivalents to give access to the 1,3-diphosphacyclobutadienediide [MesLMg]2[(tBu)2C2P2](2). The reactivity differs in coordinating solvents such as THF, which allowed for the observation of C-P coupled products. For sake of comparison, reactions of magnesium(I) compounds with Me3SiCN were carried out. In contrast to the reactions involving tBuCP, these afforded 1,3-diazabutadienediyl complexes via reductive coupling and silyl migration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W N Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Dafydd D L Jones
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Cory D Smith
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Meera Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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19
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Chen PH, Hsu CP, Tseng HC, Liu YH, Chiu CW. [Mes- B-TMP] + borinium cation initiated cyanosilylation and catalysed hydrosilylation of ketones and aldehydes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13732-13735. [PMID: 34870288 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06319g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two aryl amino borinium cations derived from Cl(Mes)B-NR2 (NR2 = TMP, HMDS) faced divergent outcomes. As the HMDS-substituted one underwent methyl migration from silicon to boron transforming the putative borinium ion to a silylium ion, [Mes-B-TMP]+ can initiate cyanosilylation and catalyse hydrosilylation of ketones and aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Ching-Pei Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Hsi-Ching Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Ching-Wen Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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20
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Kang Z, Xu X, Wang Y, Zhang W, Zhou S, Zhu X, Xue M. n-Butyllithium as a highly efficient precatalyst for cyanosilylation of aldehydes and ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7432-7437. [PMID: 34397075 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01297e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient cyanosilylation protocol mediated by the easily available n-BuLi with a wide range of aldehydes and ketones was developed. This protocol features excellent yields with very low n-BuLi loadings (0.01-0.05 mol%) at room temperature, solvent-free process, good chemo-/regio-selectivity and functional group tolerance and scalability. A possible reaction pathway based upon stoichiometric reactivity was put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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21
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Sarkar D, Dutta S, Weetman C, Schubert E, Koley D, Inoue S. Germyliumylidene: A Versatile Low Valent Group 14 Catalyst. Chemistry 2021; 27:13072-13078. [PMID: 34171132 PMCID: PMC8518661 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bis‐NHC stabilized germyliumylidenes [RGe(NHC)2]+ are typically Lewis basic (LB) in nature, owing to their lone pair and coordination of two NHCs to the vacant p‐orbitals of the germanium center. However, they can also show Lewis acidity (LA) via Ge−CNHC σ* orbital. Utilizing this unique electronic feature, we report the first example of bis‐NHC‐stabilized germyliumylidene [MesTerGe(NHC)2]Cl (1), (MesTer=2,6‐(2,4,6‐Me3C6H2)2C6H3; NHC= IMe4=1,3,4,5‐tetramethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) catalyzed reduction of CO2 with amines and arylsilane, which proceeds via its Lewis basic nature. In contrast, the Lewis acid nature of 1 is utilized in the catalyzed hydroboration and cyanosilylation of carbonyls, thus highlighting the versatile ambiphilic nature of bis‐NHC stabilized germyliumylidenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debotra Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Sayan Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741 246, India
| | - Catherine Weetman
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Emeric Schubert
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741 246, India
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
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22
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Peddarao T, Baishya A, Sarkar N, Acharya R, Nembenna S. Conjugated Bis‐Guanidines (CBGs) as
β
‐Diketimine Analogues: Synthesis, Characterization of CBGs/Their Lithium Salts and CBG Li Catalyzed Addition of B−H and TMSCN to Carbonyls. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thota Peddarao
- School of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Bhubaneswar 752050 India
| | - Ashim Baishya
- School of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Bhubaneswar 752050 India
| | - Nabin Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Bhubaneswar 752050 India
| | - Rudresh Acharya
- School of Biological Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Bhubaneswar 752050 India
| | - Sharanappa Nembenna
- School of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Bhubaneswar 752050 India
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23
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Dixit R, Bisai MK, Yadav S, Yadav V, Sen SS, Vanka K. Substrate, Catalyst, and Solvent: The Triune Nature of Multitasking Reagents in Hydroboration and Cyanosilylation. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Dixit
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Milan Kumar Bisai
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vinita Yadav
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sakya S. Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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24
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Sen N, Khan S. Heavier Tetrylenes as Single Site Catalysts. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:705-719. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjana Sen
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan, Pune 411008 India
| | - Shabana Khan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan, Pune 411008 India
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