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Korobkin JJD, Deordieva EA, Tesakov IP, Adamanskaya EIA, Boldova AE, Boldyreva AA, Galkina SV, Lazutova DP, Martyanov AA, Pustovalov VA, Novichkova GA, Shcherbina A, Panteleev MA, Sveshnikova AN. Dissecting thrombus-directed chemotaxis and random movement in neutrophil near-thrombus motion in flow chambers. BMC Biol 2024; 22:115. [PMID: 38764040 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thromboinflammation is caused by mutual activation of platelets and neutrophils. The site of thromboinflammation is determined by chemoattracting agents release by endothelium, immune cells, and platelets. Impaired neutrophil chemotaxis contributes to the pathogenesis of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS). In this hereditary disorder, neutrophils are known to have aberrant chemoattractant-induced F-actin properties. Here, we aim to determine whether neutrophil chemotaxis could be analyzed using our previously developed ex vivo assay of the neutrophils crawling among the growing thrombi. METHODS Adult and pediatric healthy donors, alongside with pediatric patients with SDS, were recruited for the study. Thrombus formation and granulocyte movement in hirudinated whole blood were visualized by fluorescent microscopy in fibrillar collagen-coated parallel-plate flow chambers. Alternatively, fibrinogen, fibronectin, vWF, or single tumor cells immobilized on coverslips were used. A computational model of chemokine distribution in flow chamber with a virtual neutrophil moving in it was used to analyze the observed data. RESULTS The movement of healthy donor neutrophils predominantly occurred in the direction and vicinity of thrombi grown on collagen or around tumor cells. For SDS patients or on coatings other than collagen, the movement was characterized by randomness and significantly reduced velocities. Increase in wall shear rates to 300-500 1/s led to an increase in the proportion of rolling neutrophils. A stochastic algorithm simulating leucocyte chemotaxis movement in the calculated chemoattractant field could reproduce the experimental trajectories of moving neutrophils for 72% of cells. CONCLUSIONS In samples from healthy donors, but not SDS patients, neutrophils move in the direction of large, chemoattractant-releasing platelet thrombi growing on collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia-Jessica D Korobkin
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Deordieva
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan P Tesakov
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ekaterina-Iva A Adamanskaya
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna E Boldova
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonina A Boldyreva
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofia V Galkina
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria P Lazutova
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Martyanov
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Galina A Novichkova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Shcherbina
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Panteleev
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia N Sveshnikova
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia.
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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Naidu G, Tripathi DK, Nagar N, Mishra A, Poluri KM. Targeting chemokine-receptor mediated molecular signaling by ethnopharmacological approaches. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117837. [PMID: 38310985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Infection and inflammation are critical to global human health status and the goal of current pharmacological interventions intends formulating medications/preventives as a measure to deal with this situation. Chemokines and their cognate receptors are major regulatory molecules in many of these ailments. Natural products have been a keen source to the drug development industry, every year contributing significantly to the growing list of FDA approved drugs. A multiverse of natural resource is employed as a part of curative regimen in folk/traditional/ethnomedicine which can be employed to discover, repurpose, and design potent medications for the diseases of clinical concern. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to systematically document the ethnopharmacologically active agents targeting the infectious-inflammatory diseases through the chemokine-receptor nexus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Articles related to chemokine/receptor modulating ethnopharmacological anti-inflammatory, anti-infectious natural sources, bioactive compounds, and formulations have been examined with special emphasis on women related diseases. The available literature has been thoroughly scrutinized for the application of traditional medicines in chemokine associated experimental methods, their regulatory outcomes, and pertinence to women's health wherever applicable. Moreover, the potential traditional regimens under clinical trials have been critically assessed. RESULTS A systematic and comprehensive review on the chemokine-receptor targeting ethnopharmaceutics from the available literature has been provided. The article discusses the implication of traditional medicine in the chemokine system dynamics in diverse infectious-inflammatory disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, allergic diseases, inflammatory diseases, neuroinflammation, and cancer. On this note, critical evaluation of the available data surfaced multiple diseases prevalent in women such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, breast cancer, cervical cancer and urinary tract infection. Currently there is no available literature highlighting chemokine-receptor targeting using traditional medicinal approach from women's health perspective. Moreover, despite being potent in vitro and in vivo setups there remains a gap in clinical translation of these formulations, which needs to be strategically and scientifically addressed to pave the way for their successful industrial translation. CONCLUSIONS The review provides an optimistic global perspective towards the applicability of ethnopharmacology in chemokine-receptor regulated infectious and inflammatory diseases with special emphasis on ailments prevalent in women, consecutively addressing their current status of clinical translation and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutami Naidu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Deepak Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nupur Nagar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, 342011, Rajasthan, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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Tripathi DK, Nagar N, Kumar V, Joshi N, Roy P, Poluri KM. Gallate Moiety of Catechin Is Essential for Inhibiting CCL2 Chemokine-Mediated Monocyte Recruitment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4990-5005. [PMID: 36942659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte recruitment witnesses an orchestrated complex formation between the chemokines and their molecular partners. CCL2 chemokine that regulates monocyte trafficking is a worthwhile system from the pharmaceutical perspective. In the current study, four major catechins (EC/EGC/ECG/EGCG) were assessed for their inhibitory potential against CCL2-regulated monocyte/macrophage recruitment. Interestingly, catechins with the gallate moiety (ECG/EGCG) could only attenuate the CCL2-induced macrophage migration. These molecules specifically bound to CCL2 on a pocket comprising the N-terminal, β0-sheets, and β3-sheets, and the binding affinity of ECGC (Kd = 22 ± 4 μM) is ∼4 times higher than that of the ECG complex (Kd = 85 ± 6 μM). MD simulation analysis evidenced that the molecular specificity/stability of CCL2-catechin complexes is regulated by multiple factors, including stereospecificity, number of hydroxyl groups on the annular ring-B, the positioning of the carbonyl group, and the methylation of the galloyl ring. Further, a significant overlap on the binding surface of CCL2 for EGCG/ECG and receptor interactions as evidenced from NMR data provided the rationale for the observed inhibition of macrophage migration in response to EGCG/ECG binding. In summary, these galloylated epicatechins can be considered as potent protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitors that regulate CCL2-directed leukocyte recruitment for resolving inflammatory/immunomodulatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nupur Nagar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Viney Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nidhi Joshi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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Histidine network regulates the structure-stability features of T7 endolysin native and partially folded conformations. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Agarwal N, Nagar N, Raj R, Kumar D, Poluri KM. Conserved Apical Proline Regulating the Structure and DNA Binding Properties of Helicobacter pylori Histone-like DNA Binding Protein (Hup). ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15231-15246. [PMID: 35572751 PMCID: PMC9089689 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prokaryotic cells lack a proper dedicated nuclear arrangement machinery. A set of proteins known as nucleoid associated proteins (NAPs) perform opening and closure of nucleic acids, behest cellular requirement. Among these, a special class of proteins analogous to eukaryotic histones popularly known as histone-like (HU) DNA binding proteins facilitate the nucleic acid folding/compaction thereby regulating gene architecture and gene regulation. DNA compaction and DNA protection in Helicobacter pylori is performed by HU protein (Hup). To dissect and galvanize the role of proline residue in the binding of Hup with DNA, the structure-dynamics-functional relationship of Hup-P64A variant was analyzed. NMR and biophysical studies evidenced that Hup-P64A protein attenuated DNA-binding and induced structural/stability changes in the DNA binding domain (DBD). Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations and 15N relaxation studies established the reduced conformational dynamics of P64A protein. This comprehensive study dissected the exclusive role of evolutionarily conserved apical proline residue in regulating the structure and DNA binding of Hup protein as P64 is presumed to be involved in the external leverage mechanism responsible for DNA bending and packaging, as proline rings wedge into the DNA backbone through intercalation besides their significant role in DNA binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipanshu Agarwal
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nupur Nagar
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ritu Raj
- Centre
of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow-226014, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre
of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow-226014, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
- Centre
for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of
Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
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Türkez H, Arslan ME, Tatar A, Özdemir Ö, Sönmez E, Çadirci K, Hacimüftüoğlu A, Ceylan B, Açikyildiz M, Kahraman CY, Geyikoğlu F, Tatar A, Mardinoglu A. Molecular Genetics and Cytotoxic Responses to Titanium Diboride and Zinc Borate Nanoparticles on Cultured Human Primary Alveolar Epithelial Cells. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072359. [PMID: 35407693 PMCID: PMC9000154 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Titanium diboride (TiB2) and zinc borate (Zn3BO6) have been utilized in wide spectrum industrial areas because of their favorable properties such as a high melting point, good wear resistance, high hardness and thermal conductivity. On the other hand, the biomedical potentials of TiB2 and Zn3BO6 are still unknown because there is no comprehensive analysis that uncovers their biocompatibility features. Thus, the toxicogenomic properties of TiB2 and Zn3BO6 nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated on human primary alveolar epithelial cell cultures (HPAEpiC) by using different cell viability assays and microarray analyses. Protein-Protein Interaction Networks Functional Enrichment Analysis (STRING) was used to associate differentially expressed gene probes. According to the results, up to 10 mg/L concentration of TiB2 and Zn3BO6 NPs application did not stimulate a cytotoxic effect on the HPAEpiC cell cultures. Microarray analysis revealed that TiB2 NPs exposure enhances cellular adhesion molecules, proteases and carrier protein expression. Furthermore, Zn3BO6 NPs caused differential gene expressions in the cell cycle, cell division and extracellular matrix regulators. Finally, STRING analyses put forth that inflammation, cell regeneration and tissue repair-related gene interactions were affected by TiB2 NPs application. Zn3BO6 NPs exposure significantly altered inflammation, lipid metabolism and infection response activator-related gene interactions. These investigations illustrated that TiB2 and Zn3BO6 NPs exposure may affect different aspects of cellular machineries such as immunogenic responses, tissue regeneration and cell survival. Thus, these types of cellular mechanisms should be taken into account before the use of the related NPs in further biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Türkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (H.T.); (B.C.)
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (M.E.A.); (Ö.Ö.)
| | - Arzu Tatar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Özlem Özdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (M.E.A.); (Ö.Ö.)
| | - Erdal Sönmez
- Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Kenan Çadirci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Ahmet Hacimüftüoğlu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Bahattin Ceylan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (H.T.); (B.C.)
| | - Metin Açikyildiz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Kilis 7 Aralık University, 79000 Kilis, Turkey;
| | - Cigdem Yuce Kahraman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (C.Y.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Fatime Geyikoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Abdulgani Tatar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (C.Y.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Correspondence:
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Agarwal N, Jaiswal N, Gulati K, Gangele K, Nagar N, Kumar D, Poluri KM. Molecular Insights into Conformational Heterogeneity and Enhanced Structural Integrity of Helicobacter pylori DNA Binding Protein Hup at Low pH. Biochemistry 2021; 60:3236-3252. [PMID: 34665609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The summarized amalgam of internal relaxation modulations and external forces like pH, temperature, and solvent conditions determine the protein structure, stability, and function. In a free-energy landscape, although conformers are arranged in vertical hierarchy, there exist several adjacent parallel sets with conformers occupying equivalent energy cleft. Such conformational states are pre-requisites for the functioning of proteins that have oscillating environmental conditions. As these conformational changes have utterly small re-arrangements, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is unique in elucidating the structure-dynamics-stability-function relationships for such conformations. Helicobacter pylori survives and causes gastric cancer at extremely low pH also. However, least is known as to how the genome of the pathogen is protected from reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging in the gut at low pH under acidic stress. In the current study, biophysical characteristics of H. pylori DNA binding protein (Hup) have been elucidated at pH 2 using a combination of circular dichroism, fluorescence, NMR spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations. Interestingly, the protein was found to have conserved structural features, differential backbone dynamics, enhanced stability, and DNA binding ability at low pH as well. In summary, the study suggests the partaking of Hup protein even at low pH in DNA protection for maintaining the genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipanshu Agarwal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nancy Jaiswal
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Khushboo Gulati
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Krishnakant Gangele
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nupur Nagar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667 Uttarakhand, India.,Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667 Uttarakhand, India
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Joshi N, Tripathi DK, Nagar N, Poluri KM. Hydroxyl Groups on Annular Ring-B Dictate the Affinities of Flavonol-CCL2 Chemokine Binding Interactions. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:10306-10317. [PMID: 34056184 PMCID: PMC8153786 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the astounding biological properties, dietary plant flavonoids have received considerable attention toward developing unique supplementary food sources to prevent various ailments. Chemokines are chemotactic proteins involved in leukocyte trafficking through their interactions with G-protein-coupled receptors and cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). CCL2 chemokine, a foremost member of CC chemokines, is associated with the pathogenesis of various inflammatory infirmities, thus making the CCL2-Receptor (CCR2)/GAG axis a potential pharmacological target. The current study is designed to unravel the structural details of CCL2-flavonol interactions. Molecular interactions between flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin) with human/murine CCL2 orthologs and their monomeric/dimeric variants were systematically investigated using a combination of biophysical approaches. Fluorescence studies have unveiled that flavonols interact with CCL2 orthologs specifically but with differential affinities. The dissociation constants (K d) were in the range of 10-5-10-7 μM. The NMR- and computational docking-based outcomes have strongly suggested that the flavonols interact with CCL2, comprising the N-terminal and β1- and β3-sheets. It has also been observed that the number of hydroxyl groups on the annular ring-B imposed a significant cumulative effect on the binding affinities of flavonols for CCL2 chemokine. Further, the binding surface of these flavonols to CCL2 orthologs was observed to be extensively overlapped with that of the receptor/GAG-binding surface, thus suggesting attenuation of CCL2-CCR2/GAG interactions in their presence. Considering the pivotal role of CCL2 during monocyte/macrophage trafficking and the immunomodulatory features of these flavonols, their direct interactions highlight the promising role of flavonols as nutraceuticals.
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Baicalin mediated regulation of key signaling pathways in cancer. Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105387. [PMID: 33352232 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Baicalin has been widely investigated against different types of malignancies both at the cellular and molecular levels over the past few years. Due to its remarkable anti-proliferative potential in numerous cancer cell lines, it has created immense interest as a potential chemotherapeutic modality compared to other flavonoids. Thus, this review focuses on the recent accomplishments of baicalin and its limitations in cancer prevention and treatment. Further, combination studies and nanoformulations using baicalin to treat cancer along with the metabolism, bioavailability, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics have been discussed. The present review explains biological source, and anti-proliferative potential of baicalin against cancers including breast, colon, hepatic, leukemia, lung, and skin, as well as the relevant mechanism of action to modulate diverse signaling pathways including apoptosis, cell cycle, invasion, and migration, angiogenesis, and autophagy. The anticancer mechanism of baicalin in orthotropic and xenograft mice models have been deliberated. The combination studies of baicalin in novel therapies as chemotherapeutic adjuvants have also been summarized. The low bioavailability, fast metabolism, and poor solubility, and other significant factors that limit the clinical use of baicalin have been examined as a challenge. The improvement in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of baicalin with newer approaches and the gaps are highlighted, which could establish baicalin as an effective and safe compound for cancer treatment as well as help to translate its potential from bench to bedside.
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