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Nasiruddin M, Waizumi H, Takaoka T, Wang Z, Sainoo Y, Mamun MSA, Ando A, Fukuyama M, Hibara A, Komeda T. A microfluidic approach for the detection of uric acid through electrical measurement using an atomically thin MoS 2 field-effect transistor. Analyst 2023; 148:4091-4098. [PMID: 37486297 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00772c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
There is a demand for biosensors working under in vivo conditions, which requires significant device size and endurance miniaturization in solution environments. We demonstrated the detection of uric acid (UA) molecules, a marker of diseases like gout, whose continuous monitoring is required in medical diagnosis. We used a field effect transistor (FET) composed of an atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) channel. The sensor detection was carried out in a solution environment, for which we protected the electrodes of the source and drain from the solution. A microfluidic channel controls the solution flow that can realize evaporation-free conditions and provide an accurate concentration and precise measurement. We detected a systematic change of the drain current with the concentration of the UA in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) solvent with a detection limit of 60 nM. The sensor behavior is reversible, and the drain current returns to its original value when the channel is washed with pure solvent. The results demonstrate the feasibility of applying the MoS2-FET device to UA detection in solution, suggesting its possible use in the solution environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nasiruddin
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 9808578, Japan
| | - Hiroki Waizumi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 9808578, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takaoka
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM, Tagen), Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 9800877, Japan.
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 9808578, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sainoo
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM, Tagen), Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 9800877, Japan.
| | | | - Atsushi Ando
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Mao Fukuyama
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM, Tagen), Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 9800877, Japan.
| | - Akihide Hibara
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM, Tagen), Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 9800877, Japan.
| | - Tadahiro Komeda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM, Tagen), Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 9800877, Japan.
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Paghi A, Mariani S, Barillaro G. 1D and 2D Field Effect Transistors in Gas Sensing: A Comprehensive Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206100. [PMID: 36703509 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rapid progress in the synthesis and fundamental understanding of 1D and 2D materials have solicited the incorporation of these nanomaterials into sensor architectures, especially field effect transistors (FETs), for the monitoring of gas and vapor in environmental, food quality, and healthcare applications. Yet, several challenges have remained unaddressed toward the fabrication of 1D and 2D FET gas sensors for real-field applications, which are related to properties, synthesis, and integration of 1D and 2D materials into the transistor architecture. This review paper encompasses the whole assortment of 1D-i.e., metal oxide semiconductors (MOXs), silicon nanowires (SiNWs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-and 2D-i.e., graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD), phosphorene-materials used in FET gas sensors, critically dissecting how the material synthesis, surface functionalization, and transistor fabrication impact on electrical versus sensing properties of these devices. Eventually, pros and cons of 1D and 2D FETs for gas and vapor sensing applications are discussed, pointing out weakness and highlighting future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Paghi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, via G. Caruso 16, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Stefano Mariani
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, via G. Caruso 16, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Barillaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, via G. Caruso 16, Pisa, 56122, Italy
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Boulet I, Pascal S, Bedu F, Ozerov I, Ranguis A, Leoni T, Becker C, Masson L, Matkovic A, Teichert C, Siri O, Attaccalite C, Huntzinger JR, Paillet M, Zahab A, Parret R. Electrical monitoring of organic crystal phase transition using MoS 2 field effect transistor. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:1681-1690. [PMID: 36926560 PMCID: PMC10012849 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00817c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid van der Waals heterostructures made of 2D materials and organic molecules exploit the high sensitivity of 2D materials to all interfacial modifications and the inherent versatility of the organic compounds. In this study, we are interested in the quinoidal zwitterion/MoS2 hybrid system in which organic crystals are grown by epitaxy on the MoS2 surface and reorganize in another polymorph after thermal annealing. By means of field-effect transistor measurements recorded in situ all along the process, atomic force microscopy and density functional theory calculations we demonstrate that the charge transfer between quinoidal zwitterions and MoS2 strongly depends on the conformation of the molecular film. Remarkably, both the field effect mobility and the current modulation depth of the transistors remain unchanged which opens up promising prospects for efficient devices based on this hybrid system. We also show that MoS2 transistors enable fast and accurate detection of structural modifications that occur during phases transitions of the organic layer. This work highlights that MoS2 transistors are remarkable tools for on-chip detection of molecular events occurring at the nanoscale, which paves the way for the investigation of other dynamical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Boulet
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINAM, UMR 7325 Campus de Luminy 13288 Marseille France romain.parret@.univ-amu.fr +33 6 62922867
| | - Simon Pascal
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINAM, UMR 7325 Campus de Luminy 13288 Marseille France romain.parret@.univ-amu.fr +33 6 62922867
| | - Frederic Bedu
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINAM, UMR 7325 Campus de Luminy 13288 Marseille France romain.parret@.univ-amu.fr +33 6 62922867
| | - Igor Ozerov
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINAM, UMR 7325 Campus de Luminy 13288 Marseille France romain.parret@.univ-amu.fr +33 6 62922867
| | - Alain Ranguis
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINAM, UMR 7325 Campus de Luminy 13288 Marseille France romain.parret@.univ-amu.fr +33 6 62922867
| | - Thomas Leoni
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINAM, UMR 7325 Campus de Luminy 13288 Marseille France romain.parret@.univ-amu.fr +33 6 62922867
| | - Conrad Becker
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINAM, UMR 7325 Campus de Luminy 13288 Marseille France romain.parret@.univ-amu.fr +33 6 62922867
| | - Laurence Masson
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINAM, UMR 7325 Campus de Luminy 13288 Marseille France romain.parret@.univ-amu.fr +33 6 62922867
| | | | | | - Olivier Siri
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINAM, UMR 7325 Campus de Luminy 13288 Marseille France romain.parret@.univ-amu.fr +33 6 62922867
| | - Claudio Attaccalite
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINAM, UMR 7325 Campus de Luminy 13288 Marseille France romain.parret@.univ-amu.fr +33 6 62922867
| | - Jean-Roch Huntzinger
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR 221, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS Montpellier France
| | - Matthieu Paillet
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR 221, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS Montpellier France
| | - Ahmed Zahab
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR 221, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS Montpellier France
| | - Romain Parret
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINAM, UMR 7325 Campus de Luminy 13288 Marseille France romain.parret@.univ-amu.fr +33 6 62922867
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Mamun MSA, Sainoo Y, Takaoka T, Waizumi H, Wang Z, Alam MI, Ando A, Arafune R, Komeda T. Chemistry of the photoisomerization and thermal reset of nitro-spiropyran and merocyanine molecules on the channel of the MoS 2 field effect transistor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:27273-27281. [PMID: 34850795 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04283a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have explored the chemical reaction of the photoisomerization and thermal reaction of the photochromic spiropyran (SP) 1',3'-Dihydro-1',3',3' trimethyl-6-nitrospiro[2H-1 benzopyran-2,2'-(2H)-indole] molecule deposited on the atomic thin channel of a MoS2 field-effect transistor (FET) through the analysis of the FET property. With four monolayers of SP molecules on the channel, we observed a clear shift of the threshold voltage in the drain-current vs gate-voltage plot with UV-light injection on the molecule, which was due to the change of the SP molecule to merocyanine (MC). A complete reset from MC to SP molecule was achieved by thermal annealing, while the injection of green light could revert the FET property to the original condition. In the process of change from MC to SP, two types of decay rates were confirmed. The quick- and slow-decay components corresponded to the molecules attached directly to the substrate and those in the upper layer, respectively. The activation energies for the conversion of MC to SP molecules were estimated as 71 kJ/mol and 90 kJ/mol for the former and latter, respectively. Combined with DFT calculations, we concluded that the Id-Vg shift with photoisomerization from SP to MC is due to the upper layer molecules and the dipole moment in the surface normal direction. Based on the estimated activation energy of 90 kJ/mol for the reset process, we calculated the conversion rate in a controllable temperature range. From these values, we consider that the chemical state of MC can be maintained and switched in a designated time period, which demonstrates the possibility of this system in logical operation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shamim Al Mamun
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 9808578, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Sainoo
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM, Tagen), Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 9800877, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takaoka
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM, Tagen), Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 9800877, Japan
| | - Hiroki Waizumi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 9808578, Japan.
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 9808578, Japan.
| | - Md Iftekharul Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 9808578, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Ando
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Arafune
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 304-0044, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Komeda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM, Tagen), Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 9800877, Japan
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Zhao Y, Gobbi M, Hueso LE, Samorì P. Molecular Approach to Engineer Two-Dimensional Devices for CMOS and beyond-CMOS Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 122:50-131. [PMID: 34816723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials (2DMs) have attracted tremendous research interest over the last two decades. Their unique optical, electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties make 2DMs key building blocks for the fabrication of novel complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and beyond-CMOS devices. Major advances in device functionality and performance have been made by the covalent or noncovalent functionalization of 2DMs with molecules: while the molecular coating of metal electrodes and dielectrics allows for more efficient charge injection and transport through the 2DMs, the combination of dynamic molecular systems, capable to respond to external stimuli, with 2DMs makes it possible to generate hybrid systems possessing new properties by realizing stimuli-responsive functional devices and thereby enabling functional diversification in More-than-Moore technologies. In this review, we first introduce emerging 2DMs, various classes of (macro)molecules, and molecular switches and discuss their relevant properties. We then turn to 2DM/molecule hybrid systems and the various physical and chemical strategies used to synthesize them. Next, we discuss the use of molecules and assemblies thereof to boost the performance of 2D transistors for CMOS applications and to impart diverse functionalities in beyond-CMOS devices. Finally, we present the challenges, opportunities, and long-term perspectives in this technologically promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuda Zhao
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.,School of Micro-Nano Electronics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,CIC nanoGUNE, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis E Hueso
- CIC nanoGUNE, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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6
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Alam MI, Takaoka T, Waizumi H, Tanaka Y, Al Mamun MS, Ando A, Komeda T. Sensor behavior of MoS 2 field-effect transistor with light injection toward chemical recognition. RSC Adv 2021; 11:26509-26515. [PMID: 35479991 PMCID: PMC9037302 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03698j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of field-effect transistor (FET) devices with atomically thin channels as sensors has attracted significant attention, where the adsorption of atoms/molecules on the channels can be detected by the change in the properties of FET. Thus, to further enhance the chemical sensitivity of FETs, we developed a method to distinguish the chemical properties of adsorbates from the electric behavior of FET devices. Herein, we explored the variation in the FET properties of an MoS2-FET upon visible light injection and the effect of molecule adsorption for chemical recognition. By injecting light, the drain current (Id) increased from the light-off state, which is defined as (ΔId)ph. We examined this effect using CuPc molecules deposited on the channel. The (ΔId)phvs. wavelength continuous spectrum in the visible region showed a peak at the energy for the excitation from the highest occupied orbital (HOMO) to the molecule-induced state (MIS). The energy position and the intensity of this feature showed a sensitive variation with the adsorption of the CuPc molecule and are in good agreement with previously reported photo-absorption spectroscopy data, indicating that this technique can be employed for chemical recognition. The application of field-effect transistor (FET) devices with atomically thin channels as sensors has attracted significant attention. We further explore the method to attach the chemical recognition capability by combining with light injection.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Iftekharul Alam
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takaoka
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM, Tagen)
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-0877
- Japan
| | - Hiroki Waizumi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Yudai Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Ando
- Device Technology Research Institute
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Tadahiro Komeda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM, Tagen)
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-0877
- Japan
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