1
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Li QX, Yuan YJ, Cheng RX, Ma Y, Tan R, Wang YW, Peng Y. An AIE-active tetra-aryl imidazole-derived chemodosimeter for turn-on recognition of hydrazine and its bioimaging in living cells. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39011846 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01009d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
A new chemodosimeter SWJT-31 with an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect was designed and constructed. Upon increasing the water fraction in the solution, it exhibited typical AIE, which showed bright red fluorescence at 610 nm. SWJT-31 could sensitively and specifically recognize hydrazine by the TICT effect with an LOD of 33.8 nM, which was much lower than the standard of the USEPA. A portable test strip prepared using SWJT-31 was also developed for the visual detection of hydrazine. Eventually, it was successfully used for the detection of hydrazine in water samples and HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Xiu Li
- School of Chemistry, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Ju Yuan
- School of Chemistry, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui-Xing Cheng
- School of Chemistry, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Ma
- School of Chemistry, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui Tan
- School of Chemistry, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ya-Wen Wang
- School of Chemistry, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Peng
- School of Chemistry, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Lu G, Yu S, Duan L, Meng S, Ding S, Dong T. New 1,8-naphthalimide-based colorimetric fluorescent probe for specific detection of hydrazine and its multi-functional applications. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 305:123450. [PMID: 37776836 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Detection of hydrazine is particularly important given its toxicity and extensive application in various industries. In the present paper, a colorimetric fluorescent probe NI-CIN based on 1,8-naphthalimide derivative was rationally designed and simply synthesized for specific detection of hydrazine based on the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. Upon the addition of hydrazine, a significant fluorescence enhancement at 556 nm could be observed within 4 min with a distinct color change from colorless to bright yellow, readily observed by naked eye. Except for HRMS and 1H NMR, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also performed to support the sensing mechanism. In addition, eco-friendly paper test strips were easily prepared by NI-CIN for selective and real-time detection of hydrazine under aqueous and vapor phases. Furthermore, NI-CIN shows many potential applications for detecting hydrazine in real water and soil samples along with bio-imaging in HepG-2 cells and zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifen Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Siyuan Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Luyao Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Suci Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Sihan Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Ting Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
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3
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Zhang L, Cheng L. Advances in Optical Probes for the Detection of Hydrazine in Environmental and Biological Systems. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-30. [PMID: 37815930 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2261546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrazine, as a crucial raw material in the fine chemical industry, plays an indispensable role in fuel, catalyst, pesticide and drug synthesis. Due to its good water solubility and high toxicity, hydrazine can cause irreparable damage to water and soil in the environment, and it can also be released by taking certain drugs, which brings potential risks to human health. Therefore, it is vital to develop a method that can specifically detect hydrazine in the environment and in vivo. As an effective analysis and detection tool, fluorescence probe has attracted extensive attention in recent years. In this review, we summarized and classified hydrazine fluorescence probes based on various reaction mechanisms, and discussed their structures and applications in the past ten years. At least, we briefly outline the challenges and prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Lijuan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
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4
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Lu W, Tian Y, Teng W, Qiu X, Li M. Plasmonic colorimetric immunosensor based on Poly-HRP and AuNS etching for tri-modal readout of small molecule. Talanta 2023; 265:124883. [PMID: 37393715 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
It was urgent to improve the intuitive, portable, sensitive and multi-modal detection method for small molecules. In this study, a tri-modal readout of plasmonic colorimetric immunosensor (PCIS) for small molecule (zearalenone, ZEN, as an example) had been established based on the Poly-HRP amplification and gold nanostars (AuNS) etching. The immobilized Poly-HRP from the competitive immunoassay was used to catalyze iodide (I-) into iodine (I2), which could prevent the AuNS etching by I-. With the increasing of ZEN, the AuNS etching was enhanced, and the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak of AuNS showed stronger blue shift, which resulted in the color changing from deep blue (no-etching) to blue violet (half-etching) and finally to shiny red (all-etching). The results of PCIS could be selectively obtained by the tri-modal readout: (1) naked eye (LOD of 0.10 ng/mL), (2) smartphone (LOD of 0.07 ng/mL) and (3) UV-spectrum (LOD of 0.04 ng/mL). The proposed PCIS had performed well in the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and reliability. In addition, the harmless reagents were used in the overall process to further guarantee the environmental friendliness. Therefore, the PCIS might provide a novel and green avenue for the tri-modal readout of ZEN via the intuitive naked eye, portable smartphone and accurate UV-spectrum, which hold great potential for small molecule monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Lu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Ye Tian
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Weipeng Teng
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Xuchun Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, PR China.
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5
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Jagadhane KS, Dongale TD, Nikam AS, Tadavalekar NB, Kamat RK, Kolekar GB, Anbhule PV. Tetraphenylethene Carbothioamide‐Based Organic Stimuli‐Responsive Mechanochromic Memristive Devices with Non‐Volatile Memory and Synaptic Learning Functionalities. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202300026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kishor S. Jagadhane
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry Shivaji University Kolhapur Maharashtra 416004 India
| | - Tukaram D. Dongale
- Computational Electronics and Nanoscience Research Laboratory School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology Shivaji University Kolhapur Maharashtra 416004 India
| | - Ankita S. Nikam
- Computational Electronics and Nanoscience Research Laboratory School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology Shivaji University Kolhapur Maharashtra 416004 India
| | - Neha B. Tadavalekar
- Computational Electronics and Nanoscience Research Laboratory School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology Shivaji University Kolhapur Maharashtra 416004 India
| | - Rajanish K. Kamat
- Department of Electronics Shivaji University Kolhapur Maharashtra 416004 India
- Dr. Homi Bhabha State University 15, Madam Cama Road Mumbai Maharashtra 400032 India
| | - Govind B. Kolekar
- Fluorescence Spectroscopy Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry Shivaji University Kolhapur Maharashtra 416004 India
| | - Prashant V. Anbhule
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry Shivaji University Kolhapur Maharashtra 416004 India
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6
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Huang J, Zhou Y, Wang W, Zhu J, Li X, Fang M, Wu Z, Zhu W, Li C. A fluorescent probe based on triphenylamine with AIE and ICT characteristics for hydrazine detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 286:122011. [PMID: 36279799 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent probe MAM based on triphenylamine scaffold was synthesized. The electron donating group 4-methoxyphenyl and the electron acceptor dicyanoethylene were introduced on the triphenylamine scaffold to form a D-π-A fluorescent probe. The probe MAM exhibited the typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characteristics with the bright orange-red fluorescent emission in high water fraction (fw ≥ 50%) and negligible emission in low water fraction. The probe MAM could detect hydrazine (N2H4) in DMSO-tris-HCl (10 mM, pH7.4, v/v, 3:1) with high selectivity and sensitivity. The specific reaction between MAM and hydrazine and the formation of the hydrazone blocked the ICT process, and the system emitted the cyan fluorescence which could be easily observed by naked eyes. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.196 μM (6.25 ppb), which is lower than the US Environmental Protection Agency standard (10 ppb). The test strips prepared by the probe MAM could realize the convenient and rapid detection of N2H4 solution and vapor. The application of MAM in actual water samples and cells was investigated, and the results showed that MAM could sense N2H4 in environmental and biological aspects with potential application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Yanhang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Jiamian Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Xinchen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Min Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Polymer Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Weiju Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Cun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
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7
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Fan F, Xu C, Liu X, Zhu M, Wang Y. A novel ESIPT-based fluorescent probe with dual recognition sites for the detection of hydrazine in the environmental water samples and in-vivo bioimaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 280:121499. [PMID: 35738109 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrazine (N2H4), an important chemical intermediate, has been widely used in industrial production and agricultural life, but it has also caused environmental pollution. A novel ESIPT-based fluorescent probe with dual recognition sites, 2-(benzothiazole-2-yl)-1,4-imphenyl bis 4-bromobutyric acid (BRBA), was developed to selectively detect N2H4 under complex conditions. BRBA exhibits accurate detection for N2H4 with a good linear relationship ranging from 0 to 150 μM, and the LOD can reach 0.1 μM. Importantly, taking advantage of low cytotoxicity and a large Stokes shift, BRBA can be utilized to monitor environmental water samples and successfully applied to imaging HeLa cells and zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fugang Fan
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Resources and Environment, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chenyang Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Resources and Environment, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xina Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Resources and Environment, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Meiqing Zhu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Resources and Environment, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China; Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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8
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Jagadhane K, Bhosale SR, Gunjal DB, Nille OS, Kolekar GB, Kolekar SS, Dongale TD, Anbhule PV. Tetraphenylethene-Based Fluorescent Chemosensor with Mechanochromic and Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) Properties for the Selective and Sensitive Detection of Hg 2+ and Ag + Ions in Aqueous Media: Application to Environmental Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:34888-34900. [PMID: 36211049 PMCID: PMC9535730 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is critical to design a novel and simple bifunctional sensor for the selective and sensitive detection of ions in an aqueous media in environmental samples. As a result, in this study, tetraphenylethene hydrazinecarbothioamide (TPE-PVA), known as probe 1, was successfully synthesized and characterized as having impressive photophysical phenomena such as aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and mechanochromic properties by applying mechanical force to the solid of probe 1. The emission of the solid of probe 1 changed from turquoise blue to lemon yellow after grinding, from lemon yellow to parakeet green after annealing at 160 °C, and to arctic blue after fuming with DCM. Such characteristics could lead to a variety of applications in several fields. The probe was implemented and demonstrated remarkable selectivity and sensitivity toward mercury(II) and silver(I) ions by substantially switching off emission over other cations. Following an extensive photophysical analysis, it was discovered that detection limits (LOD) as low as 0.18344 and 0.2384 μg mL-1 for Hg2+ and Ag+, respectively, are possible with a quantum yield (Φ) of 2.26. Probe 1 was also explored as a Hg2+ and Ag+ paper strip-based sensor and kit for practical use. The binding mechanisms of probe 1 (TPE-PVA) with Hg2+ and Ag+ were confirmed by 1H NMR titration. These results could lead to the development of reliable onsite Hg2+ and Ag+ fluorescent probes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor
S. Jagadhane
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004, India
| | - Sneha R. Bhosale
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004, India
| | - Datta B. Gunjal
- Fluorescence
Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004, India
| | - Omkar S. Nille
- Fluorescence
Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004, India
| | - Govind B. Kolekar
- Fluorescence
Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004, India
| | - Sanjay S. Kolekar
- Analytical
Chemistry and Material Science Research Laboratory, Department of
Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur,Maharashtra 416004, India
| | - Tukaram D. Dongale
- Computational
Electronics and Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Nanoscience
and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004, India
| | - Prashant V. Anbhule
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004, India
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9
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A new phenothiazine-based fluorescent probe for detection of hydrazine with naked-eye color change properties. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Li D, Wang Q, Rao N, Zhang Y, Le Y, Liu L, Li L, Huang L, Yan L. Development of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-based probe for detection of hydrazine and its applications in imaging of HepG2 cell. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Hiremath SD, Gawas RU, Das D, Naik VG, Bhosle AA, Murali VP, Maiti KK, Acharya R, Banerjee M, Chatterjee A. Phthalimide conjugation turns the AIE-active tetraphenylethylene unit non-emissive: its use in turn-on sensing of hydrazine in solution and the solid- and vapour-phase. RSC Adv 2021; 11:21269-21278. [PMID: 35478840 PMCID: PMC9034109 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03563k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrazine is a vital precursor used in several pharmaceuticals and pesticide industries and upon exposure can cause severe health hazards. Herein, a new AIEgen, tetraphenylethylene phthalimide (TPE-PMI), is synthesized in a one-step solvent-free mechanochemical approach exploiting the simple condensation between TPE-NH2 and phthalic anhydride and used for the selective and sensitive detection of hydrazine. TPE-PMI with an AIE-active TPE-moiety is non-emissive in the solid phase by design. Hydrazine performs the cleavage of TPE-PMI in a typical “Gabriel synthesis” pathway to release AIE-active TPE-NH2 in an aqueous solution to emit blue fluorescence. A gradual rise in fluorescence intensity at 462 nm was due to the increasing hydrazine concentration and TPE-PMI showed a linear relationship with hydrazine in the concentration range from 0.2 to 3 μM. The selectivity study confirmed that the probe is inert to amines, amino acids, metal anions, anions and even common oxidants and reductants. The detection limit is 6.4 ppb which is lower than the US Environmental Protection Agency standard (10 ppb). The practical utilities of TPE-PMI were successfully demonstrated through quantitative detection of hydrazine vapour on solid platforms like paper strips and TLC plates. Furthermore, on-site detection of hydrazine in the solid phase was demonstrated by spiking the soil samples with measured quantities of hydrazine and quantitation through image analysis. This cost-effective sensing tool was successfully utilized in in vitro detection of hydrazine in live HeLa cells. A new AIE-based fluorimetric probe (TPE-PMI) has been successfully developed utilizing Gabriel reaction for the selective detection of hydrazine in solid, liquid and vapour phases.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ram U. Gawas
- Department of Chemistry
- BITS, Pilani – K. K. Birla Goa Campus
- Zuarinagar
- India
| | - Dharmendra Das
- Department of Chemistry
- BITS, Pilani – K. K. Birla Goa Campus
- Zuarinagar
- India
| | - Viraj G. Naik
- Department of Chemistry
- BITS, Pilani – K. K. Birla Goa Campus
- Zuarinagar
- India
| | - Akhil A. Bhosle
- Department of Chemistry
- BITS, Pilani – K. K. Birla Goa Campus
- Zuarinagar
- India
| | - Vishnu Priya Murali
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Kaustabh Kumar Maiti
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Raghunath Acharya
- Radiochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400085
- India
- Department of Atomic Energy
| | - Mainak Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry
- BITS, Pilani – K. K. Birla Goa Campus
- Zuarinagar
- India
| | - Amrita Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry
- BITS, Pilani – K. K. Birla Goa Campus
- Zuarinagar
- India
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