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Farobie O, Amrullah A, Syaftika N, Bayu A, Hartulistiyoso E, Fatriasari W, Dani Nandiyanto AB. Valorization of Rejected Macroalgae Kappaphycopsis cottonii for Bio-Oil and Bio-Char Production via Slow Pyrolysis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:16665-16675. [PMID: 38617625 PMCID: PMC11008229 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Kappaphycopsis cottonii, a prominent macroalgae species cultivated in an Indonesian marine culture, yields significant biomass, a portion of which is often rejected by industry. This study explores the potential valorization of rejected K. cottonii biomass through slow pyrolysis for bio-oil and biochar production, presenting an alternative and sustainable utilization pathway. The study utilizes a batch reactor setup for the thermal decomposition of K. cottonii, conducted at temperatures between 400 and 600 °C and varying time intervals between 10 and 50 min. The study elucidates the temperature-dependent behavior of K. cottonii during slow pyrolysis, emphasizing its impact on product distributions. The results suggest that there is a rise in bio-oil production when the pyrolysis temperature is raised from 400 to 500 °C. This uptick is believed to be due to improved dehydration and greater thermal breakdown of the algal biomass. Conversely, at 600 °C, bio-oil yield diminishes, indicating secondary cracking of liquid products and the generation of noncondensable gases. Chemical analysis of bio-oils reveals substantial quantities of furan derivatives, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and carboxylic acids. Biochar exhibits calorific values within the range of 17.52-19.46 MJ kg-1, and slow pyrolysis enhances its specific surface area, accompanied by the observation of carbon nanostructures. The study not only investigates product yields but also deduces plausible reaction routes for the generation of certain substances throughout the process of slow pyrolysis. Overall, the slow pyrolysis of rejected K. cottonii presents an opportunity to obtain valuable chemicals and biochar. These products hold promise for applications such as biofuels and diverse uses in wastewater treatment, catalysis, and adsorption, contributing to both environmental mitigation and the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obie Farobie
- Department
of Mechanical and Biosystem Engineering, IPB University, IPB Darmaga Campus, P.O. BOX 220, Bogor, West Java 16680, Indonesia
| | - Apip Amrullah
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Lambung Mangkurat
University, Jl. Brigjen
H. Hasan Basri, Kec. Banjarmasin Utara, Banjarmasin, South of Kalimantan 70123, Indonesia
| | - Novi Syaftika
- Research
Center for Industrial Process and Manufacturing Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of
Indonesia, Kawasan Sains
dan Teknologi BJ Habibie, Serpong Tangerang, Selatan, Banten 10340, Indonesia
| | - Asep Bayu
- Research
Center for Vaccine and Drugs, National Research
and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor KM 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia
| | - Edy Hartulistiyoso
- Department
of Mechanical and Biosystem Engineering, IPB University, IPB Darmaga Campus, P.O. BOX 220, Bogor, West Java 16680, Indonesia
| | - Widya Fatriasari
- Research
Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National
Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor KM 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia
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Wang W, Liu Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Hu C. Effect of nickel salts on the production of biochar derived from alkali lignin: properties and applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125876. [PMID: 34523572 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The massive generation of alkali lignin, has aroused the attention of all walks of life, and an eco-friendly utilization approach needs to be exploited. Herein, a simple pretreatment method with nickel salts was developed for the valorisation of alkali lignin through slow pyrolysis. The pretreatment of nickel salts improved the foaming or swelling behaviors of alkali lignin upon heating, and the specific surface area and total pore size of biochars increased about thirteenfold and eighteenfold, respectively. Additionally, Ni0 particles were generated and embedded in the carbon matrix of biochars. The biochar from Ni(NO3)2 pretreated lignin catalyzed the selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene, yielding 80.5% of aniline; and that from (CH3COO)2Ni pretreated lignin showed adsorption capacity of lead around 87.1 mg/g. Moreover, the NiCl2 pretreatment contributed to the formation of 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, while Ni(SO4)2 was conducive to the production of 4-methylguaiacol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Yichen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Longfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Changwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China.
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Tang W, Wu X, Huang C, Ling Z, Lai C, Yong Q. Revealing the influence of metallic chlorides pretreatment on chemical structures of lignin and enzymatic hydrolysis of waste wheat straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125983. [PMID: 34592616 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The addition of various metallic chlorides in pretreatment of lignocellulose have been widely reported to improve cellulose conversion via cellulolytic processing. However, the interaction mechanism between lignin and metallic cations is not well known. In this work, pretreatment with different concentrations of FeCl3 and AlCl3 were performed upon waste wheat straw to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. Results showed that pretreatment with FeCl3 and AlCl3 could facilitate the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency increasing from 50.4% to 82.9% and 76.6%, which was attributed to the enhancement of xylan removal by 33.8% (FeCl3) and 36.5% (AlCl3), respectively. Meanwhile, the surface charge, hydrophobicity, and protein adsorption capacity of lignin from waste wheat straw can be decreased by 3.3 mV, 0.6 L/g, 7.6 mg/g (FeCl3). This was due to the depolymerization of lignin in metallic chlorides pretreatment. These findings will be used to further evaluate the effect of metallic chlorides in biorefinery pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxing Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Ling
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
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Pyrolysis of High-Ash Natural Microalgae from Water Blooms: Effects of Acid Pretreatment. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13080542. [PMID: 34437413 PMCID: PMC8402610 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural microalgae (NA, cyanobacteria) collected from Taihu Lake (Jiangsu, China) were used for biofuel production through pyrolysis. The microalgae were de-ashed via pretreatment with deionized water and hydrochloric acid, and the samples obtained were noted as 0 M, 0.1 M, 1 M, 2 M, 4 M, 6 M, 8 M, respectively, according to the concentration of hydrochloric acid used in the pretreatment. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out at 500 °C for 2 h. The products were examined by various techniques to identify the influence of the ash on the pyrolysis behavior. The results showed that the ash inhibited the thermal transformation of microalgae. The 2 mol/L hydrochloric acid performed the best in removing ash and the liquid yield increased from 34.4% (NA) to 40.5% (2 M). Metal-oxides (mainly CaO, MgO, Al2O3) in ash promoted the reaction of hexadecanoic acid and NH3 to produce more hexadecanamide, which was further dehydrated to hexadecanenitrile. After acid pretreatment, significant improvement in the selectivity of hexadecanoic acid was observed, ranging from 22.4% (NA) to 58.8% (4 M). The hydrocarbon compounds in the liquid product increased from 12.90% (NA) to 26.67% (2 M). Furthermore, the acid pretreatment enhanced the content of C9–C16 compounds and the HHV values of bio-oil. For natural microalgae, the de-ashing pretreatment before pyrolysis was essential for improving the biocrude yield and quality, as well as the biomass conversion efficiency.
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Qu WQ, Gao CY, Zhang PX, Fan XH, Yang LM. Pseudo in situ construction of high-performance thermoelectric composites with a dioxothiopyrone-based D-A polymer coating on SWCNTs. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8664-8673. [PMID: 35423352 PMCID: PMC8695203 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10625a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic polymer/inorganic particle composites with thermoelectric (TE) properties have witnessed rapid progress in recent years. Nevertheless, both development of novel polymers and optimization of compositing methods remain highly desirable. In this study, we first demonstrated a simulated in situ coagulation strategy for construction of high-performance thermoelectric materials by utilizing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and a new D-A polymer TPO-TTP12 that was synthesized via incorporating dioxothiopyrone subunit into a polymeric chain. It was proven that the preparation methods have a significant influence on thermoelectric properties of the TPO-TTP12/SWCNT composites. The in situ prepared composite films tend to achieve much better thermoelectric performances than those prepared by simply mixing the corresponding polymer with SWCNTs. As a result, the in situ compositing obtains the highest Seebeck coefficient of 66.10 ± 0.05 μV K-1 at the TPO-TTP12-to-SWCNT mass ratio of 1/2, and the best electrical conductivity of up to 500.5 ± 53.3 S cm-1 at the polymer/SWCNT mass ratio of 1/20, respectively; moreover, the power factor for the in situ prepared composites reaches a maximum value of 141.94 ± 1.47 μW m-1 K-2, far higher than that of 104.68 ± 0.86 μW m-1 K-2 for the by-mixing produced composites. This indicates that the dioxothiopyrone moiety is a promising building block for constructing thermoelectric polymers, and the simulated in situ compositing strategy is a promising way to improve TE properties of composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiang Qu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Cai-Yan Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Ping-Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xin-Heng Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Lian-Ming Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China
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Effect of Ni(NO3)2 Pretreatment on the Pyrolysis of Organsolv Lignin Derived from Corncob Residue. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal degradation of lignin for value-added fuels and chemicals is important for environment improvement and sustainable development. The impact of pretreatment and catalysis of Ni(NO3)2 on the pyrolysis behavior of organsolv lignin were studied in the present work. Samples were pyrolyzed at 500 ∘C with an upward fixed bed, and the characteristics of bio-oil were determined. After pretreatment by Ni(NO3)2, the yield of monophenols increased from 23.3 wt.% to 30.2 wt.% in “Ni-washed” and decreased slightly from 23.3 wt.% to 20.3 wt.% in “Ni-unwashed”. Meanwhile, the selective formation of vinyl-monophenols was promoted in “Ni-unwashed”, which indicated that the existence of nickel species promoted the dehydration of C-OH and breakage of C-C in pyrolysis. In comparison with “Water”, HHV of bio-oil derived from “Ni-unwashed” slightly increased from 27.94 mJ/kg to 28.46 mJ/kg, suggesting that the lowering of oxygen content in bio-oil is associated with improved quality. Furthermore, the content of H2 in gas products dramatically increased from 2.0% to 7.6% and 17.1%, respectively.
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