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Goßen J, Ribeiro RP, Bier D, Neumaier B, Carloni P, Giorgetti A, Rossetti G. AI-based identification of therapeutic agents targeting GPCRs: introducing ligand type classifiers and systems biology. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8651-8661. [PMID: 37592985 PMCID: PMC10430665 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02352d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying ligands targeting G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) with novel chemotypes other than the physiological ligands is a challenge for in silico screening campaigns. Here we present an approach that identifies novel chemotype ligands by combining structural data with a random forest agonist/antagonist classifier and a signal-transduction kinetic model. As a test case, we apply this approach to identify novel antagonists of the human adenosine transmembrane receptor type 2A, an attractive target against Parkinson's disease and cancer. The identified antagonists were tested here in a radio ligand binding assay. Among those, we found a promising ligand whose chemotype differs significantly from all so-far reported antagonists, with a binding affinity of 310 ± 23.4 nM. Thus, our protocol emerges as a powerful approach to identify promising ligand candidates with novel chemotypes while preserving antagonistic potential and affinity in the nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Goßen
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine (INM-9/IAS-5) Forschungszentrum Jülich Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Rui Pedro Ribeiro
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine (INM-9/IAS-5) Forschungszentrum Jülich Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Dirk Bier
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne Kerpener Straße 62 50937 Cologne Germany
| | - Paolo Carloni
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine (INM-9/IAS-5) Forschungszentrum Jülich Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
- JARA-Institut Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (INM-11) Forschungszentrum Jülich Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Alejandro Giorgetti
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine (INM-9/IAS-5) Forschungszentrum Jülich Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Giulia Rossetti
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine (INM-9/IAS-5) Forschungszentrum Jülich Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany
- Department of Neurology University Hospital Aachen (UKA), RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
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Hok L, Vianello R. Selective Deuteration Improves the Affinity of Adenosine A 2A Receptor Ligands: A Computational Case Study with Istradefylline and Caffeine. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:3138-3149. [PMID: 37155356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We used a range of computational techniques to assess the effect of selective C-H deuteration on the antagonist istradefylline affinity for the adenosine A2A receptor, which was discussed relative to its structural analogue caffeine, a well-known and likely the most widely used stimulant. The obtained results revealed that smaller caffeine shows high receptor flexibility and exchanges between two distinct poses, which agrees with crystallographic data. In contrast, the additional C8-trans-styryl fragment in istradefylline locks the ligand within a uniform binding pose, while contributing to the affinity through the C-H···π and π···π contacts with surface residues, which, together with its much lower hydration prior to binding, enhances the affinity over caffeine. In addition, the aromatic C8-unit shows a higher deuteration sensitivity over the xanthine part, so when both of its methoxy groups are d6-deuterated, the affinity improvement is -0.4 kcal mol-1, which surpasses the overall affinity gain of -0.3 kcal mol-1 in the perdeuterated d9-caffeine. Yet, the latter predicts around 1.7-fold potency increase, being relevant for its pharmaceutical implementations, and also those within the coffee and energy drink production industries. Still, the full potential of our strategy is achieved in polydeuterated d19-istradefylline, whose A2A affinity improves by -0.6 kcal mol-1, signifying a 2.8-fold potency increase that strongly promotes it as a potential synthetic target. This knowledge supports deuterium application in drug design, and while the literature already reports about over 20 deuterated drugs currently in the clinical development, it is easily foreseen that more examples will hit the market in the years to come. With this in mind, we propose that the devised computational methodology, involving the ONIOM division of the QM region for the ligand and the MM region for its environment, with an implicit quantization of nuclear motions relevant for the H/D exchange, allows fast and efficient estimates of the binding isotope effects in any biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Hok
- Laboratory for the Computational Design and Synthesis of Functional Materials, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Laboratory for the Computational Design and Synthesis of Functional Materials, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Managutti PB, Mangasuli SN, Malaganvi SS. "Synthesis, crystal structure, electronic structure, and anti-tubercular properties of two new coumarin derivatives bearing theophylline moiety”. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Hu X, Ni J, Gao N, Ye Z, Hu G, Cai J, Qian J. The effect of CYP3A4 genetic polymorphism and drug interaction on the metabolism of istradefylline. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 366:110123. [PMID: 36007633 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated into the effect of CYP3A4 genetic polymorphism on istradefylline metabolism. Moreover, the potential drug-drug interaction with istradefylline was determined as well as underlied mechanism. METHOD In vitro, enzymatic reaction was performed to determine the kinetic parameters of CYP3A4 and its variants on catalyzing istradefylline. Meanwhile, the rat liver microsomes incubation assay was applied to screen interacting drugs. In vivo, SD rats were used to investigate the selected drug interaction. UPLC-MS/MS was used to detect the metabolite M1. RESULT The results demonstrated that the relative clearance rate of CYP3A4.29 decrease significantly compared with CYP3A4.1. But there is no statistically diverse in activities among CYP3A4.1, 2 and 3. The relative clearance rates of the remaining variants are significantly decreased compared with CYP3A4.1. In addition, 148 drugs were screened to determine the potential interaction with istradefylline, among which calcium channel blockers were identified. It's indicated that nimodipine has a significant inhibitory effect on metabolizing istradefylline with IC50 of 6.927 ± 0.372 μM, which via competitive and non-competitive mixed mechanism. In vivo, when istradefylline and nimodipine was co-administered to SD rats, we found the main pharmacokinetic parameters of M1 reduced remarkably, including AUC, MRT, Cmax and CLz/F. CONCLUSION CYP3A4 genetic polymorphism and nimodipine affect the metabolism of istradefylline. Thus, the present study provided reference data for clinical individualized medicine of istradefylline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Hu
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinhuan Ni
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nanyong Gao
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhize Ye
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guoxin Hu
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianping Cai
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Jianchang Qian
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Li Z, Kou L, Fu X, Xie Z, Xu M, Guo L, Lin T, Gong S, Zhang S, Liu M. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of triazole-pyrimidine-methylbenzonitrile derivatives as dual A 2A/A 2B adenosine receptor antagonists. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1514-1526. [PMID: 35616298 PMCID: PMC9154793 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2077731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel dual A2A/A2B AR antagonists based on the triazole-pyrimidine-methylbenzonitrile core were designed and synthesised. The A2A AR antagonist cAMP functional assay results were encouraging for most target compounds containing quinoline or its open-ring bioisosteres. In addition, compound 7i displayed better inhibitory activity on A2B AR (IC50 14.12 nM) and higher potency in IL-2 production than AB928. Moreover, molecular docking studies were carried out to explain the rationality of molecular design and the activity of compound 7i. Further studies on 7f and 7i revealed good liver microsomes stabilities and acceptable in vivo PK profiles. This study provides insight into the future development of dual A2A/A2B AR antagonists for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Lijuan Kou
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xinzhen Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Zeping Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Maolei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | | | | | - Shumin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Wang Y, Wang H, Xu H, Zheng Z, Meng Z, Xu Z, Li J, Xue M. Design and synthesis of five-membered heterocyclic derivatives of istradefylline with comparable pharmacological activity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:534-552. [PMID: 35569008 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common degenerative disease of the central nervous system among the elderly. Istradefylline, an FDA-approved adenosine A2A receptor antagonist (anti-PD drug), has good efficacy. However, it has been reported that the double bond of istradefylline is easily converted into cis-configuration when exposed to an indoor environment or direct light in a dilute solution. In order to find more stable adenosine A2A receptor antagonists with similar pharmacological efficacy to istradefylline, the compounds series I-1 (12 compounds) was designed by maintaining the xanthine skeleton of istradefylline unchanged and replacing the trans-double bond with thiazole or benzothiazole and other biologically active heterocyclic compounds. These compounds were synthesized via multi-step experiment and successfully confirmed through different characterization techniques for their ability to inhibit cAMP formation in A2A AR overexpressing cells. The thiazole derivative of istradefylline (Compound I-1-11, I-1-12) exhibited significant activity (IC50 = 16.74 ± 4.11 μM, 10.36 ± 3.09 μM), as compared to istradefylline (IC50 = 5.05 ± 1.32 μM). In addition, the molecular docking of benzothiazole derivatives I-1-11 and thiazole derivatives I-1-12 with higher inhibition rate were carried out and compared with istradefylline. The molecular docking results showed that I-1-11 and I-1-12 anchored in the same site as that of XAC (3REY) with predicted affinity binding energy -6.63 kcal/mol and - 6.75 kcal/mol, respectively. Validation through dynamics simulation also showed stable interactions, with fluctuations <3 Å and MM/GBSA energy <-20 kcal/mol. Hence, this study could provide a basis for the rational design of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists with better potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Zibo, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Zibo, China
| | - Haojie Xu
- Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Zibo, China
| | | | - Zihui Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Min Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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