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Vieira TM, Barco JG, Paula LAL, Felix PCA, Bastos JK, Magalhães LG, Crotti AEM. In vitro Evaluation of the Antileishmanial and Antischistosomal Activities of p-Coumaric Acid Prenylated Derivatives. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400491. [PMID: 38470945 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
We have evaluated eight p-coumaric acid prenylated derivatives in vitro for their antileishmanial activity against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and their antischistosomal activity against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. Compound 7 ((E)-3,4-diprenyl-4-isoprenyloxycinnamic alcohol) was the most active against L. amazonensis (IC50=45.92 μM) and S. mansoni (IC50=64.25 μM). Data indicated that the number of prenyl groups, the presence of hydroxyl at C9, and a single bond between C7 and C8 are important structural features for the antileishmanial activity of p-coumaric acid prenylated derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana M Vieira
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlia G Barco
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas A L Paula
- Research Center in Exact and Technological Sciences, University of Franca, 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo C A Felix
- Research Center in Exact and Technological Sciences, University of Franca, 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Jairo K Bastos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lizandra G Magalhães
- Research Center in Exact and Technological Sciences, University of Franca, 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio E M Crotti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Dhanasekaran S, Pushparaj Selvadoss P, Sundar Manoharan S, Jeyabalan S, Devi Rajeswari V. Revealing anti-fungal potential of plant-derived bioactive therapeutics in targeting secreted aspartyl proteinase (SAP) of Candida albicans: a molecular dynamics approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:710-724. [PMID: 37021476 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2196703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Candida species have established themselves as a major source of nosocomial infections. Increased expression of secreted aspartyl proteinases (SAP5) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Candida species. Phytotherapeutics continue to serve as a viable resource for discovering novel antifungal agents. Hence the main aim of the present investigation is to explore the possible inhibitory role of the selected bioactive molecules against the SAP5 enzyme of C. albicans using in silico approach. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations were utilized to predict the binding affinity of the lead molecules using the AutoDock and Gromacs in-silico screening tools. Results of preliminary docking simulations show that the compounds hesperidin, vitexin, berberine, adhatodine, piperine, and chlorogenic acid exhibit significant interactions with the core catalytic residues of the target protein. The best binding ligands (hesperidin, vitexin, fluconazole) were subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) and essential dynamics of the trajectories. Results of the MD simulation confirm that the ligand-protein complexes became more stable from 20 ns until 100 ns. The calculated residue-level contributions to the interaction energy along a steady simulation trajectory of all three hits (hesperidin (-132.720 kJ/mol), vitexin (-83.963 kJ/mol) and fluconazole (-98.864 kJ/mol)) ensure greater stability of the leads near the catalytic region. Essential dynamics of PCA and DCCM analysis signifies that the binding of hesperidin and vitexin created a more structurally stable environment in the protein target. The overall outcomes of this study clearly emphasize that the bioactive therapeutics found in medicinal herbs may have remarkable scope in managing Candida infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Srikanth Jeyabalan
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Muñoz-Vega MC, López-Hernández S, Sierra-Chavarro A, Scotti MT, Scotti L, Coy-Barrera E, Herrera-Acevedo C. Machine-Learning- and Structure-Based Virtual Screening for Selecting Cinnamic Acid Derivatives as Leishmania major DHFR-TS Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 29:179. [PMID: 38202763 PMCID: PMC10779987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The critical enzyme dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase in Leishmania major (LmDHFR-TS) serves a dual-purpose role and is essential for DNA synthesis, a cornerstone of the parasite's reproductive processes. Consequently, the development of inhibitors against LmDHFR-TS is crucial for the creation of novel anti-Leishmania chemotherapies. In this study, we employed an in-house database containing 314 secondary metabolites derived from cinnamic acid that occurred in the Asteraceae family. We conducted a combined ligand/structure-based virtual screening to identify potential inhibitors against LmDHFR-TS. Through consensus analysis of both approaches, we identified three compounds, i.e., lithospermic acid (237), diarctigenin (306), and isolappaol A (308), that exhibited a high probability of being inhibitors according to both approaches and were consequently classified as promising hits. Subsequently, we expanded the binding mode examination of these compounds within the active site of the test enzyme through molecular dynamics simulations, revealing a high degree of structural stability and minimal fluctuations in its tertiary structure. The in silico predictions were then validated through in vitro assays to examine the inhibitory capacity of the top-ranked naturally occurring compounds against LmDHFR-TS recombinant protein. The test compounds effectively inhibited the enzyme with IC50 values ranging from 6.1 to 10.1 μM. In contrast, other common cinnamic acid derivatives (i.e., flavonoid glycosides) from the Asteraceae family, such as hesperidin, isovitexin 4'-O-glucoside, and rutin, exhibited low activity against this target. The selective index (SI) for all tested compounds was determined using HsDHFR with moderate inhibitory effect. Among these hits, lignans 306 and 308 demonstrated the highest selectivity, displaying superior SI values compared to methotrexate, the reference inhibitor of DHFR-TS. Therefore, continued research into the anti-leishmanial potential of these C6C3-hybrid butyrolactone lignans may offer a brighter outlook for combating this neglected tropical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camila Muñoz-Vega
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad ECCI, Bogotá, Distrito Capital 111311, Colombia; (M.C.M.-V.); (S.L.-H.); (A.S.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones (LIBB), Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería de los Procesos Agroalimentarios y Biotecnológicos (GIPAB), Departamento de Química Universidad del Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia
| | - Sofía López-Hernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad ECCI, Bogotá, Distrito Capital 111311, Colombia; (M.C.M.-V.); (S.L.-H.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Adrián Sierra-Chavarro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad ECCI, Bogotá, Distrito Capital 111311, Colombia; (M.C.M.-V.); (S.L.-H.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (M.T.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (M.T.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia;
| | - Chonny Herrera-Acevedo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad ECCI, Bogotá, Distrito Capital 111311, Colombia; (M.C.M.-V.); (S.L.-H.); (A.S.-C.)
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (M.T.S.); (L.S.)
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Yadav S, Anand A, Ramalingam K, Balodi DC, Maras JS, Goyal N. Unraveling of interacting protein network of chaperonin TCP1 gamma subunit of Leishmania donovani. Cell Stress Chaperones 2022; 27:205-222. [PMID: 35199315 PMCID: PMC9106790 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
T-complex polypeptide-1 (TCP1) is a group II chaperonin that folds various cellular proteins. About 10% of cytosolic proteins in yeast have been shown to flux through the TCP1 protein complex indicating that it interacts and folds a plethora of substrate proteins that perform essential functions. In Leishmania donovani, the gamma subunit of TCP1 (LdTCP1γ) has been shown to form a homo-oligomeric complex and exhibited ATP-dependent protein folding activity. LdTCP1γ is essential for the growth and infectivity of the parasite. The interacting partners of L. donovani TCP1γ, involved in many cellular processes, are far from being understood. In this study, we utilized co-immunoprecipitation assay coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to unravel protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of LdTCP1γ in the L. donovani parasite. Label-free quantification (LFQ) proteomic analysis revealed 719 interacting partners of LdTCP1γ. String analysis showed that LdTCP1γ interacts with all subunits of TCP1 complex as well as other proteins belonging to pathways like metabolic process, ribosome, protein folding, sorting, and degradation. Trypanothione reductase, identified as one of the interacting partners, is refolded by LdTCP1γ. In addition, the differential expression of LdTCP1γ modulates the trypanothione reductase activity in L. donovani parasite. The study provides novel insight into the role of LdTCP1γ that will pave the way to better understand parasite biology by identifying the interacting partners of this chaperonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Yadav
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Gaziabaad, 201002, India
| | - Apeksha Anand
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Gaziabaad, 201002, India
| | - Karthik Ramalingam
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Deep Chandra Balodi
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Gaziabaad, 201002, India
| | - Jaswinder Singh Maras
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Neena Goyal
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Gaziabaad, 201002, India.
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Kumari D, Singh K. Exploring the paradox of defense between host and Leishmania parasite. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 102:108400. [PMID: 34890999 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease, still remains a global concern for the healthcare sector. The primary causative agents of the disease comprise diverse leishmanial species, leading to recurring failures in disease diagnosis and delaying the initiation of appropriate chemotherapy. Various species of the Leishmania parasite cause diverse clinical manifestations ranging from skin ulcers to systemic infections. Therefore, host immunity in response to different forms of infecting species of Leishmania becomes pivotal in disease progression or regression. Thus, understanding the paradox of immune arsenals during host and parasite interface becomes crucial to eliminate this deadly disease. In the present review, we have elaborated on the immunological perspectives of the disease and discussed primary host immune cells that form a defense line to counteract parasite infection. Furthermore, we also have shed light on the immune cells and effector molecules responsible for parasite survival in host lethal milieu/ environment. Next, we have highlighted recent molecules/compounds showing potent leishmanicidal activities pertaining to their pro-oxidant and immuno-modulatory mechanisms. This review addresses an immuno-biological overview of the factors influencing the parasitic disease, as this knowledge can aid in the unraveling/ identification of potential biomarkers, novel therapeutics, and vaccine candidates against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Kumari
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kuljit Singh
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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