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Liu Q, Jiang HJ, Wu YD, Li JD, Sun XH, Xiao C, Xu JY, Lin ZY. Carrageenan maintains the contractile phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells by increasing macromolecular crowding in vitro. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:249. [PMID: 38650027 PMCID: PMC11036678 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01843-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contractile phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) results in good diastolic and contractile capacities, and its altered function is the main pathophysiological basis for diseases such as hypertension. VSMCs exist as a synthetic phenotype in vitro, making it challenging to maintain a contractile phenotype for research. It is widely recognized that the common medium in vitro is significantly less crowded than in the in vivo environment. Additionally, VSMCs have a heightened sense for detecting changes in medium crowding. However, it is unclear whether macromolecular crowding (MMC) helps maintain the VSMCs contractile phenotype. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the phenotypic, behavioral and gene expression changes of VSMCs after increasing the crowding degree by adding carrageenan (CR). METHODS The degree of medium crowding was examined by a dynamic light scattering assay; VSMCs survival and activity were examined by calcein/PI cell activity and toxicity and CCK-8 assays; VSMCs phenotypes and migration were examined by WB and wound healing assays; and gene expression was examined by transcriptomic analysis and RT-qPCR. RESULTS Notably, 225 μg/mL CR significantly increased the crowding degree of the medium and did not affect cell survival. Simultaneously, CR significantly promoted the contraction phenotypic marker expression in VSMCs, shortened cell length, decreased cell proliferation, and inhibited cell migration. CR significantly altered gene expression in VSMCs. Specifically, 856 genes were upregulated and 1207 genes were downregulated. These alterations primarily affect the cellular ion channel transport, microtubule movement, respiratory metabolism, amino acid transport, and extracellular matrix synthesis. The upregulated genes were primarily involved in the cytoskeleton and contraction processes of VSMCs, whereas the downregulated genes were mainly involved in extracellular matrix synthesis. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro study showed that VSMCs can maintain the contractile phenotype by sensing changes in the crowding of the culture environment, which can be maintained by adding CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Jing Jiang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yin-Di Wu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Dong Li
- Ji Hua Institute of Biomedical Engineering Technology, Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu-Heng Sun
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Xiao
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Yi Xu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhan-Yi Lin
- Ji Hua Institute of Biomedical Engineering Technology, Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, China.
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Jin Z, Wang B, Ren L, Yang J, Zheng Z, Yao F, Ding R, Wang J, He J, Wang W, Nan G, Lin R. 20-Hydroxyecdysone inhibits inflammation via SIRT6-mediated NF-κB signaling in endothelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119460. [PMID: 36958525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E) is known to have numerous pharmacological activities and can be used to treat diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, the protective effects of 20E against endothelial dysfunction and its targets remain unclear. In the present study, we revealed that 20E treatment could modulate the release of the endothelium-derived vasomotor factors NO, PGI2 and ET-1 and suppress the expression of ACE in TNF-α-induced 3D-cultured HUVECs. In addition, 20E suppressed the expression of CD40 and promoted the expression of SIRT6 in TNF-α-induced 3D-cultured HUVECs. The cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) and molecular docking results demonstrated that 20E binding increased SIRT6 stability, indicating that 20E directly bound to SIRT6 in HUVECs. Further investigation of the underlying mechanism showed that 20E could upregulate SIRT6 levels and that SIRT6 knockdown abolished the regulatory effect of 20E on CD40 in TNF-α-induced HUVECs, while SIRT6 overexpression further improved the effect of 20E. Moreover, we found that 20E could reduce the acetylation of NF-κB p65 (K310) through SIRT6, but the catalytic inactive mutant SIRT6 (H133Y) did not promote the deacetylation of NF-κB p65, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of 20E on NF-κB p65 was dependent on SIRT6 deacetylase activity. Additionally, our results indicated that 20E inhibited NF-κB via SIRT6, and the expression of CD40 was increased in HUVECs treated with SIRT6 siRNA and NF-κB inhibitor. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that 20E exerts its effect through SIRT6-mediated deacetylation of NF-κB p65 (K310) to inhibit CD40 expression in ECs, and 20E may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Lingxuan Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zihan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Rongcheng Ding
- Xinjiang Rongcheng Hake Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Altay region 836500, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Jianjiang Wang
- Xinjiang Rongcheng Hake Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Altay region 836500, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Jianyu He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Weirong Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Guanjun Nan
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Rong Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Liu Q, Liu Z, Gu H, Ge Y, Wu X, Zuo F, Du Q, Lei Y, Wang Z, Lin H. Comparative study of differentiating human pluripotent stem cells into vascular smooth muscle cells in hydrogel-based culture methods. Regen Ther 2022; 22:39-49. [PMID: 36618488 PMCID: PMC9798140 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which provides structural integrity and regulates the diameter of vasculature, are of great potential for modeling vascular-associated diseases and tissue engineering. Here, we presented a detailed comparison of differentiating human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into VSMCs (hPSCs-VSMCs) in four different culture methods, including 2-dimensional (2D) culture, 3-dimensional (3D) PNIPAAm-PEG hydrogel culture, 3-dimensional (3D) alginate hydrogel culture, and transferring 3-dimensional alginate hydrogel culture to 2-dimensional (2D) culture. Both hydrogel-based culture methods could mimic in vivo microenvironment to protect cells from shear force, and avoid cells agglomeration, resulting in the extremely high culture efficiency (e.g., high viability, high purity and high yield) compared with 2D culture. We demonstrated hPSC-VSMCs produced from hydrogel-based culture methods had better contractile phenotypes and the potential of vasculature formation. The transcriptome analysis showed the hPSC-VSMCs derived from hydrogel-based culture methods displayed more upregulated genes in vasculature development, angiogenesis and blood vessel development, extracellular matrix compared with 2D culture. Taken together, hPSC-VSMCs produced from hydrogel-based culture system could be applied in various biomedical fields, and further indicated the suitable development of alginate hydrogel for industrial production by taking all aspects into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Shunyi District Hospital, Beijing, 101300, China
| | - Hongyu Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Ward 3, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China
| | - Yuxia Ge
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, 150056, China
| | - Xuesheng Wu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fuxing Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Yuguo Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huck Life Science Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA,Corresponding author.
| | - Zhanqi Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Haishuang Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, 150056, China,Corresponding author.
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Wang O, Han L, Lin H, Tian M, Zhang S, Duan B, Chung S, Zhang C, Lian X, Wang Y, Lei Y. Fabricating 3-dimensional human brown adipose microtissues for transplantation studies. Bioact Mater 2022; 22:518-534. [PMID: 36330162 PMCID: PMC9619153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplanting cell cultured brown adipocytes (BAs) represents a promising approach to prevent and treat obesity (OB) and its associated metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, transplanted BAs have a very low survival rate in vivo. The enzymatic dissociation during the harvest of fully differentiated BAs also loses significant cells. There is a critical need for novel methods that can avoid cell death during cell preparation, transplantation, and in vivo. Here, we reported that preparing BAs as injectable microtissues could overcome the problem. We found that 3D culture promoted BA differentiation and UCP-1 expression, and the optimal initial cell aggregate size was 100 μm. The microtissues could be produced at large scales via 3D suspension assisted with a PEG hydrogel and could be cryopreserved. Fabricated microtissues could survive in vivo for long term. They alleviated body weight and fat gain and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced OB and T2DM mice. Transplanted microtissues impacted multiple organs, secreted protein factors, and influenced the secretion of endogenous adipokines. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on fabricating human BA microtissues and showing their safety and efficacy in T2DM mice. The proposal of transplanting fabricated BA microtissues, the microtissue fabrication method, and the demonstration of efficacy in T2DM mice are all new. Our results show that engineered 3D human BA microtissues have considerable advantages in product scalability, storage, purity, safety, dosage, survival, and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Li Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
| | - Haishuang Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Mingmei Tian
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Biological Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Xiaojun Lian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
| | - Yuguo Lei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
- Corresponding author. The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA.
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ÖZTEL ON, YILMAZ H, İŞOĞLU İA, ALLAHVERDİYEV A. COMPARİSON OF EGG WHİTE AND Ε-POLYCAPROLACTONE FOR THREE-DİMENSİONAL CELL CULTURE. GAZI UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.35378/gujs.1037746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly becoming important to develop three-dimensional (3-D) cell culture systems due to their numerous advantages over traditional monolayer culture. The aim of this study is to investigate the interaction of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) with scaffolds composed of ε-polycaprolactone (ε-PCL) and egg white. In our study; ε-PCL and egg white scaffolds were fabricated from their monomers under the catalysis of tin octoate and by polymerization by heat respectively. Characterization of PCL was carried out with Gel permeability chromatography (GPC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FTIR), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H-NMR), Differential Scan Calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). CM-DiI labeled ADSCs were cultured for 12 days on egg white and ε-PCL scaffolds. Cell viability was performed using MTT and nitric oxide level was evaluated for toxicity. Results showed that the number of ADSCs on egg white scaffold increased periodically throughout 12 days compared with the other groups. Although the number of ADSCs on ε-PCL scaffold increased until the 6th day of the culture, the cell number began to decrease after day 6.. These results were associated with the decomposition of PCL scaffolds that occurs through catabolic reactions. This causes the release of lactic acid which makes toxic effect on the cells. Thus, these results showed that egg white scaffold increases and protects cell adhesion and cell viability more than ε-Polycaprolactone scaffold, thus it can be used as a scaffold in tissue engineering studies that involve stem cells.
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Liang QQ, Liu L. Application of vascular endothelial cells in stem cell medicine. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:10765-10780. [PMID: 35047589 PMCID: PMC8678855 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i35.10765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell medicine is gaining momentum in the development of therapy for various end-stage diseases. The search for new seed cells and exploration of their application prospects are topics of interest in stem cell medicine. In recent years, vascular endothelial cells (VECs) have attracted wide attention from scholars. VECs, which form the inner lining of blood vessels, are critically involved in many physiological functions, including permeability, angiogenesis, blood pressure regulation, immunity, and pathological development, such as atherosclerosis and malignant tumors. VECs have significant therapeutic effects and broad application prospects in stem cell medicine for the treatment of various refractory diseases, including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, diabetic complications, hypertension, coronavirus disease 2019, and malignant tumors. On the one hand, VECs and their extracellular vesicles can be directly used for the treatment of these diseases. On the other hand, VECs can be used as therapeutic targets for some diseases. However, there are still some obstacles to the use of VECs in stem cell medicine. In this review, advances in the applications and challenges that come with the use of these cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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