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Weituschat LM, Castro I, Colomar I, Everly C, Postigo PA, Ramos D. Exploring regenerative coupling in phononic crystals for room temperature quantum optomechanics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12330. [PMID: 38811848 PMCID: PMC11137142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantum technologies play a pivotal role in driving transformative advancements across diverse fields, surpassing classical approaches and empowering us to address complex challenges more effectively; however, the need for ultra-low temperatures limits the use of these technologies to particular fields. This work comes to alleviate this problem. We present a way of phononic bandgap engineering using FEM by which the radiative mechanical energy dissipation of a nanomechanical oscillator can be significantly suppressed through coupling with a complementary oscillating mode of a defect of the surrounding phononic crystal (PnC). Applied to an optomechanically coupled nanobeam resonator in the megahertz regime, we find a mechanical quality factor improvement of up to four orders of magnitude compared to conventional PnC designs. As this method is based on geometrical optimization of the PnC and frequency matching of the resonator and defect mode, it is applicable to a wide range of resonator types and frequency ranges. Taking advantage of the, hereinafter referred to as, "regenerative coupling" in phononic crystals, the presented device is capable of reaching f × Q products exceeding 10E16 Hz with only two rows of PnC shield. Thus, stable quantum states with mechanical decoherence times up to 700 μs at room temperature can be obtained, offering new opportunities for the optimization of mechanical resonator performance and advancing the room temperature quantum field across diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas M Weituschat
- Optomechanics Lab, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, 3, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Castro
- Optomechanics Lab, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, 3, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Colomar
- Optomechanics Lab, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, 3, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christer Everly
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Pablo A Postigo
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Daniel Ramos
- Optomechanics Lab, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, 3, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Roma-Dollase D, Gualani V, Gohlke M, Abich K, Morales J, Gonzalvez A, Martín V, Ramos-Castro J, Sanjuan J, Nofrarias M. Resistive-Based Micro-Kelvin Temperature Resolution for Ultra-Stable Space Experiments. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 23:145. [PMID: 36616740 PMCID: PMC9824640 DOI: 10.3390/s23010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High precision temperature measurements are a transversal need in a wide area of physical experiments. Space-borne gravitational wave detectors are a particularly challenging case, requiring both high precision and high stability in temperature measurement. In this contribution, we present a design able to reach 1 μK/Hz in most of the measuring band down to 1 mHz, and reaching 20 μK/Hz at 0.1 mHz. The scheme is based on resistive sensors in a Wheatstone bridge configuration which is AC modulated to minimize the 1/f noise. As a part of our study, we include the design of a test bench able to guarantee the high stability environment required for measurements. We show experimental results characterising both the test bench and the read-out, and discuss potential noise sources that may limit our measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Roma-Dollase
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE,CSIC), Campus Universitat d’Autonoma de Barcelona, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, Ed. Nexus, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vivek Gualani
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE,CSIC), Campus Universitat d’Autonoma de Barcelona, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, Ed. Nexus, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Gohlke
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Robert-Hooke-Str. 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Klaus Abich
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Robert-Hooke-Str. 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jordan Morales
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE,CSIC), Campus Universitat d’Autonoma de Barcelona, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, Ed. Nexus, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Gonzalvez
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE,CSIC), Campus Universitat d’Autonoma de Barcelona, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, Ed. Nexus, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Martín
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE,CSIC), Campus Universitat d’Autonoma de Barcelona, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, Ed. Nexus, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Ramos-Castro
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, Ed. Nexus, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Sanjuan
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Robert-Hooke-Str. 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Miquel Nofrarias
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE,CSIC), Campus Universitat d’Autonoma de Barcelona, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, Ed. Nexus, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Photothermal Responsivity of van der Waals Material-Based Nanomechanical Resonators. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152675. [PMID: 35957105 PMCID: PMC9370576 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanomechanical resonators made from van der Waals materials (vdW NMRs) provide a new tool for sensing absorbed laser power. The photothermal response of vdW NMRs, quantified from the resonant frequency shifts induced by optical absorption, is enhanced when incorporated in a Fabry–Pérot (FP) interferometer. Along with the enhancement comes the dependence of the photothermal response on NMR displacement, which lacks investigation. Here, we address the knowledge gap by studying electromotively driven niobium diselenide drumheads fabricated on highly reflective substrates. We use a FP-mediated absorptive heating model to explain the measured variations of the photothermal response. The model predicts a higher magnitude and tuning range of photothermal responses on few-layer and monolayer NbSe2 drumheads, which outperform other clamped vdW drum-type NMRs at a laser wavelength of 532 nm. Further analysis of the model shows that both the magnitude and tuning range of NbSe2 drumheads scale with thickness, establishing a displacement-based framework for building bolometers using FP-mediated vdW NMRs.
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