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Farag MA, Goyal V, Baky MH. Comparative metabolome variation in Brassica juncea different organs from two varieties as analyzed using SPME and GCMS techniques coupled to chemometrics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19900. [PMID: 39191794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Indian mustard (Brassica juncea; Brassicaceae) is an edible, oilseeds-yielding crop widely consumed as a food spice owing to its richness in nutrients with several health benefits. The current study aims to dissect the B. juncea metabolome heterogeneity among its different organs including leaf, stem, flower, and seed. Moreover, assessing the metabolome differences between two different varieties RH-725 and RH-761 grown at the same conditions. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) post-silylation was used to dissect the composition of nutrient metabolites coupled to multivariate data analysis. Variation in sulphur aglycones was measured using headspace-solid phase-microextraction HS-SPME coupled to GC-MS. A total of 101 nutrient metabolites were identified with the abundance of sugars represented by monosaccharides in all organs, except for seeds which were enriched in disaccharides (sucrose). α-Linolenic acid was detected as a marker fatty acid in leaf from RH-725 at 12.5 µg/mg. Malic acid was detected as a significant variant metabolite between the two varieties as detected in the leaf from the RH-725 variety at ca. 128.2 µg/mg compared to traces in RH-761. 7 Volatile sulphur compounds were detected at comparable levels in RH-725 and RH-761, with 3-butenyl isothiocyanate was the most abundant at 0.8-2 ng/mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Vinod Goyal
- Department of Botany & Plant Physiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Mostafa H Baky
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt
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González-Montoya M, Vargas-Vargas MA, Torres-Isidro O, García-Berumen CI, Cuiniche-Méndez MG, Saavedra-Molina A, Ontiveros-Rodríguez JC, García-Gutiérrez HA, Calderón-Cortés E, Cortés-Rojo C. Evaluation of Unsaponifiable Fraction of Avocado Oil on Liver and Kidney Mitochondrial Function in Rats Fed a High-Fat and High-Carbohydrate Diet. Metabolites 2024; 14:431. [PMID: 39195527 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14080431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
High-fat and high-carbohydrate (HF-HC) diets induce metabolic syndrome via mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. We have previously shown that this may be prevented by avocado oil, a source of bioactive molecules with antioxidant properties. However, it is unknown if these effects are mediated by the unsaponifiable fraction of avocado oil (UFAO). Thus, we tested if this fraction improves glucose metabolism, bioenergetics and oxidative stress in mitochondria from the kidney and liver of rats fed an HF-HC diet. We found that 12 weeks of an HF-HC diet impaired glucose utilization and increased insulin resistance, which was prevented by UFAO administration. The HF-HC diet decreased respiration, membrane potential and electron transport chain (ETC) function in liver and kidney mitochondria. These mitochondrial dysfunctions were prevented by UFAO intake. Unexpectedly, UFAO increased ROS levels in the mitochondria of control animals and did not decrease them in rats with an HF-HC diet; however, UFAO protects liver and kidney mitochondria from iron-induced oxidative stress. These findings suggest that impairments in glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function by an HF-HC diet may be prevented by UFAO, without decreasing ROS generation but protecting mitochondria from oxidative damage.
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Grants
- 7973911 Programa Proyectos de Investigación financiados 2024, Coordinación de Investigación Científica, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, México.
- ICTI-PICIR23-063 Instituto de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación - Gobierno del Estado de Michoacán, México.
- ICTI PICIR23-028 Instituto de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación - Gobierno del Estado de Michoacán, México.
- 472544 Estancias Posdoctorales por Mexico 2022, Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnología (CONAHCYT)
- 589763 Estancias Posdoctorales por Mexico 2023, Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnología (CONAHCYT)
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela González-Montoya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, MC, Mexico
| | - Manuel Alejandro Vargas-Vargas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, MC, Mexico
| | - Olin Torres-Isidro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, MC, Mexico
| | - Claudia Isabel García-Berumen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, MC, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Cuiniche-Méndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, MC, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Saavedra-Molina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, MC, Mexico
| | - Julio Cesar Ontiveros-Rodríguez
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías-Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, MC, Mexico
| | - Hugo A García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, MC, Mexico
| | | | - Christian Cortés-Rojo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, MC, Mexico
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Ilyas M, Shad AA, Bakht J, Villalta P, Shier WT. Insights into Metabolites Profiling and Pharmacological Investigation of Aconitum heterophyllum wall ex. Royle Stem through Experimental and Bioinformatics Techniques. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:26922-26940. [PMID: 38947854 PMCID: PMC11209905 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The Aconitum genus is a leading source of a wide range of structurally diverse metabolites with significant pharmacological implications. The present study investigated metabolite profiling, pharmacological investigation, anticancer potential, and molecular docking analysis of the stem part of Aconitum heterophyllum (AHS). The metabolite profiling of the AHS extract was experimentally examined using LC-MS/MS-orbitrap in both modes (ESI+/ESI-) and GC-MS in EI mode. The in vitro MTT model was used to study the anticancer potential, while the in vivo animal model was used to study the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. The MOE software was used for the molecular docking study. A total of 118 novel and previously known metabolites, among 44 metabolites (26 in ESI+ positive mode and 18 in ESI- negative mode) in the MeOH extract, while 74 metabolites (46 in ESI+ and 28 in ESI- mode) were identified in the n-hexane extract via LCMS/MS. The identified metabolites include 24 phenolic compounds, 18 alkaloids, 10 flavonoids, 24 terpenoids, 2 coumarins, 2 lignans, and 38 other fatty acids and organic compounds. The major bioactive metabolites identified were hordenine, hernagine, formononetin, chrysin, N-methylhernagine, guineesine, shogaol, kauralexin, colneleate, zerumbone, medicarpin, boldine, miraxinthin-v, and lariciresinol-4-O-glucoside. Furthermore, the GC-MS study helped in the identification of volatile and nonvolatile chemical constituents based on the mass spectrum and retention indices. The methanol extract significantly inhibited tumor progression in H9c2 and MDCK cancer cells with IC50 values of 186.39 and 199.63 μg/mL. In comparison, the positive control aconitine exhibited potent IC50 values (132.32 and 141.58 μg/mL) against H9c2 and MDCK cell lines. The anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced hind paw edema) and antinociceptive (acetic acid-induced writhing) effects were significantly dose-dependent, (p < 0.001) and (p < 0.05), respectively. In addition, a molecular docking study was conducted on identified ligands against the anti-inflammatory enzyme (COX-2) (PDB ID: 5JVZ) and the cancer enzyme ADAM10 (PDB ID: 6BDZ) which confirmed the anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects in an in silico model. Among all ligands, L2, L3, and L7 exhibit the most potent potential for inhibiting COX-2 inflammation with binding energies of -7.3424, -7.0427, and -8.3562 kcal/mol. Conversely, against ADAM10 cancer protein, ligands L1, L4, L6, and L7, with binding energies of -8.0650, -7.7276, -7.0454, and -7.2080 kcal/mol, demonstrated notable effectiveness. Overall, the identified metabolites revealed in this AHS research study hold promise for discovering novel possibilities in the disciplines of chemotaxonomy and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ilyas
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry & Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology
& Genetic Engineering, The University
of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25130, Pakistan
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Analytical Biochemistry
Shared Resource of the Masonic Cancer Center, CCRB, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Anwar Ali Shad
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry & Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology
& Genetic Engineering, The University
of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25130, Pakistan
| | - Jehan Bakht
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry & Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology
& Genetic Engineering, The University
of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25130, Pakistan
| | - Peter Villalta
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Analytical Biochemistry
Shared Resource of the Masonic Cancer Center, CCRB, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - W. Thomas Shier
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Analytical Biochemistry
Shared Resource of the Masonic Cancer Center, CCRB, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Baky MH, El-Taher EM, Naggar DMYE, Abouelela MB. Phytochemical investigation of the n-hexane-extracted oil from four umbelliferous vegetables using GC/MS analysis in the context of antibacterial activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10592. [PMID: 38719900 PMCID: PMC11079057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Umbelliferous (Apiaceae) vegetables are widely consumed worldwide for their nutritive and health benefits. The main goal of the current study is to explore the compositional heterogeneity in four dried umbelliferous vegetables viz, celery, coriander, dill, and parsley targeting their volatile profile using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 133 volatile metabolites were detected belonging to 12 classes. Aromatic hydrocarbons were detected as the major components of the analyzed vegetables accounting ca. 64.0, 62.4, 59.5, and 47.8% in parsley, dill, celery, and coriander, respectively. Aliphatic hydrocarbons were detected at ca. 6.39, 8.21, 6.16, and 6.79% in parsley, dill, celery, and coriander, respectively. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of various health benefits were detected in parsley and represented by roughanic acid and α-linolenic acid at 4.99 and 0.47%, respectively. Myristicin and frambinone were detected only in parsley at 0.45 and 0.56%. Investigation of antibacterial activity of umbelliferous vegetables n-hexane extract revealed a moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with higher activity for celery and dill against Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone 20.3 mm compared to 24.3 mm of the standard antibacterial drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa H Baky
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman M El-Taher
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina M Y El Naggar
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa B Abouelela
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt
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Bizzo HR, Brilhante NS, Nolvachai Y, Marriott PJ. Use and abuse of retention indices in gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1708:464376. [PMID: 37717451 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The value of the concept of retention indices (RI) to the practice of gas chromatography (GC) is highlighted, where the RI of a compound is one component of the strategy to identify the compound. The widespread reliance on GC and then on mass spectrometry for 'identification', may result in inadequate confirmation of molecular identity. However, RI do provide a useful tentative indication of the possible molecule(s). Thus, the RI value is a useful first measure of the molecule identity, and shown here to be valuable provided limitations are recognised. An author has a responsibility to correctly calculate the index and then use the values for (tentative) identification. Tables of reference RI values are useful in this respect, but finding an 'exact match' RI value does not confirm the identity. Hence, it is necessary to understand how the RI value may be incorrectly used in this respect. The reviewer of written research is charged with ensuring the index values are applied in a rigorous manner. Selected case studies from our own work, support the care that must be exercised when reporting RI values. In terms of advanced GC operations, mention is made of multidimensional gas chromatography and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography to acquire RI values on both the first and second columns in the two-column separation experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto R Bizzo
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos - Avenida das Américas, 29501, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 23020-470, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21945-970, Brazil
| | - Nathália S Brilhante
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21945-970, Brazil
| | - Yada Nolvachai
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip J Marriott
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Phytochemical Analysis and Profiling of Antitumor Compounds of Leaves and Stems of Calystegia silvatica (Kit.) Griseb. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020630. [PMID: 36677687 PMCID: PMC9863965 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumor compounds from natural products are being investigated as possible alternatives for cancer chemotherapeutics that have serious adverse effects and tumor resistance. Calystegia silvatica was collected from the north coast of Egypt and extracted via methanol and n-hexane sub-fraction. The biologically active compounds of Calystegia silvatica were identified from the methanol and n-hexane extracts from the leaves and stems of the plant using GC-MS and HPLC. The antitumor properties of both parts of the plant were investigated against cancer and non-cancer cell lines using the MTT assay, and the IC50 in comparison to doxorubicin was calculated. The main compounds identified in the methanol extract were cis-vaccenic acid and trans-13-octadecenoic acid in the leaves and stems, respectively, and phenyl undecane and 3,7,11,15 tetramethyl-2-hexadeca-1-ol in the n-hexane extracts of the leaves and stems, respectively. Both parts of the plant contained fatty acids that have potential antitumor properties. The methanol extract from the stems of C. silvatica showed antitumor properties against HeLa, with an IC50 of 114 ± 5 μg/mL, PC3 with an IC50 of 137 ± 18 μg/mL and MCF7 with an IC50 of 172 ± 15 μg/mL, which were greater than Caco2, which had an IC50 of 353 ± 19 μg/mL, and HepG2, which had an IC50 of 236 ± 17 μg/mL. However, the leaf extract showed weak antitumor properties against all of the studied cancer cell lines (HeLa with an IC50 of 208 ± 13 μg/mL, PC3 with an IC50 of 336 ± 57 μg/mL, MCF7 with an IC50 of 324 ± 17 μg/mL, Caco2 with an IC50 of 682 ± 55 μg/mL and HepG2 with an IC50 of 593 ± 22 μg/mL). Neither part of the plant extract showed any cytotoxicity to the normal cells (WI38). Therefore, C. silvatica stems may potentially be used for the treatment of cervical, prostate and breast cancer.
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Baky MH, Shamma SN, Khalifa MR, Farag MA. How Does Allium Leafy Parts Metabolome Differ in Context to Edible or Inedible Taxa? Case Study in Seven Allium Species as Analyzed Using MS-Based Metabolomics. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010018. [PMID: 36676943 PMCID: PMC9866920 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genus Allium (F. Amaryllidaceae) includes a wide variety of edible foods widely consumed for their nutritive as well as health benefits. Seven Allium species, viz., chives, Egyptian leek, French leek, red garlic, white garlic, red onion, and white onion aerial parts were assessed for metabolome heterogeneity targeting both aroma and nutrients phytochemicals. A headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed. Results revealed extensive variation in volatiles and nutrients profile among the seven Allium species represented by a total of 77 nutrients and 148 volatiles. Among edible Allium species, French leek encompassed high levels of nutrients, viz., sugars, fatty acids/esters, organic acids, and amino acids, compared to Egyptian leek. Sulfur aroma compounds appeared as the most discriminatory among Allium, taxa accounting for its distinct flavor. Furthermore, chemometric analysis of both datasets showed clear discrimination of the seven Allium species according to several key novel markers. This study provides the first comparative approach between edible and inedible aerial leafy parts of Allium species providing novel insight into their use as functional foods based on such holistic profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa H. Baky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Samir N. Shamma
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. Khalifa
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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Baky MH, Elgindi MR, Shawky EM, Ibrahim HA. Phytochemical investigation of Ludwigia adscendens subsp. diffusa aerial parts in context of its biological activity. BMC Chem 2022; 16:112. [PMID: 36494674 PMCID: PMC9737734 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ludwigia adscendens subsp. diffusa (Onagraceae), an important aquatic herb widely distributed in the Nile River and canals in Egypt. The goal of the current study is to investigate the phytochemical composition of L. adscendens aerial parts n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions and screening of its biological activities. Phytochemical investigation of L. adscendens resulted in the isolation and purification of eleven compounds belonging to flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, and oligosaccharides, of which one compound was identified as new using different spectroscopic techniques. Compound 2 was identified as a new compound namely, 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranoside (1 → 4) α-L-rhamnopyranoside]-23-O-feruloyl-hederagenin-28-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1 → 2) β-D-glucopyranoside], along with other 10 well know compounds. Furthermore, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities of n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions were investigated in vitro, revealing that ethyl acetate fraction was the most active as antidiabetic (IC50 = 62.3 µg/mL), hepatoprotective (IC50 = 80.75 µg/mL), and cytotoxic against human prostate cancer cell line (IC50 = 52.2 µg/mL). Collectively, L. adscendens aerial part is rich with a myriad of phytochemicals with potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa H. Baky
- grid.442695.80000 0004 6073 9704Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, 11829 Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. Elgindi
- grid.412093.d0000 0000 9853 2750Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas M. Shawky
- grid.442695.80000 0004 6073 9704Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, 11829 Egypt
| | - Haitham A. Ibrahim
- grid.412093.d0000 0000 9853 2750Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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