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Szelenberger R, Cichoń N, Zajaczkowski W, Bijak M. Application of Biosensors for the Detection of Mycotoxins for the Improvement of Food Safety. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:249. [PMID: 38922144 PMCID: PMC11209361 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16060249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins, secondary metabolites synthesized by various filamentous fungi genera such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Claviceps, and Alternaria, are potent toxic compounds. Their production is contingent upon specific environmental conditions during fungal growth. Arising as byproducts of fungal metabolic processes, mycotoxins exhibit significant toxicity, posing risks of acute or chronic health complications. Recognized as highly hazardous food contaminants, mycotoxins present a pervasive threat throughout the agricultural and food processing continuum, from plant cultivation to post-harvest stages. The imperative to adhere to principles of good agricultural and industrial practice is underscored to mitigate the risk of mycotoxin contamination in food production. In the domain of food safety, the rapid and efficient detection of mycotoxins holds paramount significance. This paper delineates conventional and commercial methodologies for mycotoxin detection in ensuring food safety, encompassing techniques like liquid chromatography, immunoassays, and test strips, with a significant emphasis on the role of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensors, which are known for their high sensitivity and specificity. These are categorized into antibody-, and aptamer-based, as well as molecular imprinting methods. This paper examines the latest advancements in biosensors for mycotoxin testing, with a particular focus on their amplification strategies and operating mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Szelenberger
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (N.C.); (W.Z.); (M.B.)
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Yang Q, Xiong J, Duan L, Chen S, Peng Z, Liao X, Ning Z, Wang D. Polydopamine@ZIFs with enhanced electrochemiluminescence quenching performance for mycotoxin detection. Food Chem 2024; 439:138058. [PMID: 38043277 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Quench-type electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensors are appealing for detecting small molecule contaminants in signal-on mode, for which efficient ECL quenchers are highly desirable. Here, the classical quencher of polydopamine (PDA) was transformed into a unique structure by introducing zeolite imidazole frameworks (ZIFs). Besides the inherent energy transfer quenching effect on ECL, the resulting PDA@ZIFs exhibits a high scavenging property against electrogenerated coreactant-radicals and inhibits the formation of excited luminophore. A quench-type ECL immunosensor for ochratoxin A (OTA) was developed using the PDA@ZIFs as a quencher and the g-C3N4 as a luminophore. The immunosensor showed a good response towards the OTA with a linear range of 10.0 fg/mL-1.0 ng/mL and a detection limit of 4.8 fg/mL. Acceptable recoveries of 85.7 to 109.2 % were achieved for the detection of OTA in spiked foods. This work offers valuable insight for improving the performance of quench-typed ECL biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jianhua Xiong
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Luying Duan
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Sida Chen
- Institute of Food Testing, Jiangxi General Institute of Testing and Certification, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Zhongji Peng
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xiaoning Liao
- Research Center of Mycotoxins, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zhenqiang Ning
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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3
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Yu H, Liu Z, Chen L, He X, Weng Y, Li W, Zheng X, Pan Q, Zhang R, Zhang X, Wu W. Transforming Natural Eggshell and Diatomite into Bioactive Calcium Silicate Material for Bone Regeneration. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:19440-19450. [PMID: 38708237 PMCID: PMC11064024 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Calcium silicate (CS), a new and important bioceramic bone graft material, is prepared by using eggshells, which have a porous structure and are rich in calcium ions. Furthermore, the preparation of new CS materials using eggshells and diatomaceous earth minimizes their negative impact on the environment. In this study, we prepared CS materials using a high-temperature calcination method. The composition of the material was demonstrated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed the porous structure of the CS material. We also introduced ZnO to prepare ZnO-CS with antibacterial properties and showed that ZnO-CS exhibits excellent antibacterial effects through in vitro antibacterial experiments. Subsequent in vitro mineralization experiments demonstrated that ZnO-CS promoted the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity experiments demonstrated that ZnO-CS had very good biosafety and promoted cell proliferation. These findings were confirmed through subsequent cell proliferation experiments. Our results indicate that the novel ZnO-CS is a promising candidate for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Yu
- Department
of Spinal Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical
University, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Department
of Spinal Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical
University, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Lingying Chen
- Department
of Spinal Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical
University, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- Department
of Spinal Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical
University, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Yiyong Weng
- Department
of Spinal Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical
University, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Weizhe Li
- Department
of Spinal Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical
University, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Xiaozhi Zheng
- Department
of Spinal Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical
University, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Qunlong Pan
- Department
of Spinal Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical
University, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Rongmou Zhang
- Department
of Spinal Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical
University, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Materials and Green Nanotechnology, College
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Wenhua Wu
- Department
of Spinal Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical
University, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
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Abdelhamid MAA, Ki MR, Pack SP. Biominerals and Bioinspired Materials in Biosensing: Recent Advancements and Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4678. [PMID: 38731897 PMCID: PMC11083057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Inspired by nature's remarkable ability to form intricate minerals, researchers have unlocked transformative strategies for creating next-generation biosensors with exceptional sensitivity, selectivity, and biocompatibility. By mimicking how organisms orchestrate mineral growth, biomimetic and bioinspired materials are significantly impacting biosensor design. Engineered bioinspired materials offer distinct advantages over their natural counterparts, boasting superior tunability, precise controllability, and the ability to integrate specific functionalities for enhanced sensing capabilities. This remarkable versatility enables the construction of various biosensing platforms, including optical sensors, electrochemical sensors, magnetic biosensors, and nucleic acid detection platforms, for diverse applications. Additionally, bioinspired materials facilitate the development of smartphone-assisted biosensing platforms, offering user-friendly and portable diagnostic tools for point-of-care applications. This review comprehensively explores the utilization of naturally occurring and engineered biominerals and materials for diverse biosensing applications. We highlight the fabrication and design strategies that tailor their functionalities to address specific biosensing needs. This in-depth exploration underscores the transformative potential of biominerals and materials in revolutionizing biosensing, paving the way for advancements in healthcare, environmental monitoring, and other critical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. A. Abdelhamid
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.A.A.A.); (M.-R.K.)
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mi-Ran Ki
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.A.A.A.); (M.-R.K.)
- Institute of Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong-ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.A.A.A.); (M.-R.K.)
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Jin L, Liu W, Xiao Z, Yang H, Yu H, Dong C, Wu M. Recent Advances in Electrochemiluminescence Biosensors for Mycotoxin Assay. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:653. [PMID: 37367018 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and efficient detection of mycotoxins is of great significance in the field of food safety. In this review, several traditional and commercial detection methods are introduced, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), test strips, etc. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensors have the advantages of high sensitivity and specificity. The use of ECL biosensors for mycotoxins detection has attracted great attention. According to the recognition mechanisms, ECL biosensors are mainly divided into antibody-based, aptamer-based, and molecular imprinting techniques. In this review, we focus on the recent effects towards the designation of diverse ECL biosensors in mycotoxins assay, mainly including their amplification strategies and working mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longsheng Jin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weishuai Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ziying Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haijian Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huihui Yu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Changxun Dong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Meisheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
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Non-enzymatic electrochemiluminescence biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of ochratoxin A based on efficient DNA walker. Food Chem 2023; 407:135113. [PMID: 36493484 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) with high toxicity represents a serious threat to the agriculture and food chain, consequently to human health. Herein, a simple electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor was constructed for ultrasensitive detection of OTA based on mercaptopropionic acid templated Au nanoclusters (Au NCs) as intensive signal probe and a non-enzymatic 2D DNA walking machine as the effective amplification strategy. Specifically, the target related bipedal DNA walker efficiently moved along 2D DNA tracks through toehold-mediated DNA strand displacement, which triggered abundant signal probes for combining to the DNA tracks. Moreover, the Au NCs could exhibit strong ECL emission due to fast electron transfer from massive Au-S electronic pathways under the electrochemical excitation. Thus, the biosensor possessed significant ECL response for achieving ultrasensitive detection toward OTA with low detection limit of 3.19 fg/mL. Impressively, the sensing platform was also applied to detect OTA from edible oils, exhibiting great application potential in food analysis.
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Singh A, Singh G, Kaur N, Singh N. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of ochratoxin-A using fluorescent CQDs@DNA-based nanoarchitecture assembly to monitor food safety and quality. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1826-1835. [PMID: 36971227 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00209h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin formed by various fungi, such as Aspergillus and Penicillium species, is dangerous to human health. Thus, to circumvent the risk of OTA ingestion, the recognition and quantification of OTA levels are of great significance. A perusal of the literature has revealed that the integration of DNA/Carbon Quantum Dot (CQD)-based hybrid systems may exhibit the unique electronic and optical properties of nanomaterials/nanoarchitecture and consequent recognition properties. Herein, we developed the CQDs@DNA-based hybrid nanoarchitecture system for the selective detection of OTA, which exhibits modulation in the emission spectrum after interaction with OTA, with a significant binding constant (Ka = 3.5 × 105 M-1), a limit of detection of 14 nM, limit of quantification of 47 nM and working range of 1-10 μM. The mechanism for sensing the OTA has been corroborated using fluorescence, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, and FTIR techniques, demonstrating the binding mode of CQD@DNA hybrid nano-architecture assembly with OTA. Further, we demonstrated the sensing ability of developed CQDs@DNA-based nanoarchitecture assembly towards the quantification of OTA in real food monitoring analysis for real-time applications, which makes this developed nanoarchitecture assembly the potential candidate to conveniently monitor food safety and quality for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, Punjab, India.
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, Punjab, India.
| | - Narinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, Punjab, India.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, Punjab, India
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8
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Electrochemical Aptasensor Based on ZnO-Au Nanocomposites for the Determination of Ochratoxin A in Wine and Beer. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is positively correlated with an increased risk of developing cancer in nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic patients. Therefore, it is of great significance for the highly sensitive, highly selective, and timely detection of OTA. We described here an electrochemical aptasensor for OTA analysis, which took advantage of the favorable properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized zinc oxide (ZnO) composites and the intercalative binding between methylene blue (MB) and nucleic acid. There were two label-free aptamers: one to capture OTA and another serving as complementary DNA (cDNA), enabling connection to the ZnO-Au composite’s immobilized electrode. Once OTA was present, the aptamer could capture OTA and detach from the electrode interface, thus, preventing MB from accessing electrode surface for efficient electron transfer; a decreased peak current was monitored by differential pulse voltammetry. The aptasensor presented nice analytical performance for OTA detection in the range of 0.1–30,000 pg·mL−1, with a detection limit of 0.05 pg·mL−1. Moreover, the developed biosensor could be applied to actual sample (wine and beer) analysis.
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Guo Y, Ouyang Z, He W, Zhang J, Qin Q, Jiao M, Muyldermans S, Zheng F, Wen Y. Screening and epitope characterization of diagnostic nanobody against total and activated Bacteroides fragilis toxin. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1065274. [PMID: 36845160 PMCID: PMC9950733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1065274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) can rapidly secrete an enterotoxin termed B. fragilis toxin (BFT), which is thought to be the only recognized virulence factor in ETBF. ETBF can cause acute diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal cancer, and breast cancer. BFT is divided into three subtypes, BFT1, BFT2, and BFT3. BFT1 is the most widely distributed in human B. fragilis isolates. BFT can be used as a biomarker for predicting the inflammation-cancer transformation of intestine and breast. Nanobodies have the advantages of small structure, complete antigen recognition capacity, rapid selection via phage display technology, and can be massively produced in microbial expression systems. Nanobodies have become a powerful tool for medical diagnosis and treatment. This study focuses on screening and structural characterization of nanobodies targeting full length and active BFT. By constructing prokaryotic expression systems to obtain recombinant BFT1 protein, high purity BFT1 protein was used to immunize alpacas. Phage display technology was used to construct a phage display library. The positive clones were selected by bio-panning, and the isothermal titration calorimetry was used to select high-affinity nanobodies. Then the three-dimensional structures of BFT1:Nb2.82 and BFT1:Nb3.27 were solved by crystal X-ray diffraction. We got two kinds of nanobodies, Nb2.82 targeting the BFT1 prodomain and Nb3.27 recognizing the BFT1 catalytic domain. This study provides a new strategy for the early diagnosis of ETBF and the possibility for BFT as a biomarker for diagnosing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Guo
- Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Disease of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhenlin Ouyang
- Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Disease of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenbo He
- Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Disease of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Disease of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qian Qin
- Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Disease of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Min Jiao
- Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Disease of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fang Zheng
- Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Disease of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,*Correspondence: Yurong Wen, ; Fang Zheng,
| | - Yurong Wen
- Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Disease of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,*Correspondence: Yurong Wen, ; Fang Zheng,
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Li L, Wang X, Chen J, Huang T, Cao H, Liu X. A Novel Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor Based on Resonance Energy Transfer between g-CN and NU-1000(Zr) for Ultrasensitive Detection of Ochratoxin A in Coffee. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040707. [PMID: 36832782 PMCID: PMC9955951 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor based on nanobody heptamer and resonance energy transfer (RET) between g-C3N4 (g-CN) and NU-1000(Zr) was proposed for ultrasensitive ochratoxin A (OTA) detection. First, OTA heptamer fusion protein was prepared by fusing OTA-specific nanometric (Nb28) with a c-terminal fragment of C4 binding protein (C4bpα) (Nb28-C4bpα). Then, Nb28-C4bpα heptamer with the high affinity used as a molecular recognition probe, of which plenty of binding sites were provided for OTA-Apt-NU-1000(Zr) nanocomposites, thereby improving the immunosensors' sensitivity. In addition, the quantitative analysis of OTA can be achieved by using the signal quenching effect of NU-1000(Zr) on g-CN. As the concentration of OTA increases, the amount of OTA-Apt-NU-1000(Zr) fixed on the electrode surface decreases. RET between g-CN and NU-1000(Zr) is weakened leading to the increase of ECL signal. Thus, OTA content is indirectly proportional to ECL intensity. Based on the above principle, an ultra-sensitive and specific ECL immunosensor for OTA detection was constructed by using heptamer technology and RET between two nanomaterials, with a range from 0.1 pg/mL to 500 ng/mL, and the detection limit of only 33 fg/mL. The prepared ECL-RET immunosensor showed good performance and can be successfully used for the determination of OTA content in real coffee samples, suggesting that the nanobody polymerization strategy and the RET effect between NU-1000(Zr) and g-CN can provide an alternative for improving the sensitivity of important mycotoxin detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhi Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tianzeng Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hongmei Cao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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11
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Dkhar DS, Kumari R, Mahapatra S, Divya, Kumar R, Tripathi T, Chandra P. Antibody-receptor bioengineering and its implications in designing bioelectronic devices. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:225-242. [PMID: 35870626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies play a crucial role in the defense mechanism countering pathogens or foreign antigens in eukaryotes. Its potential as an analytical and diagnostic tool has been exploited for over a century. It forms immunocomplexes with a specific antigen, which is the basis of immunoassays and aids in developing potent biosensors. Antibody-based sensors allow for the quick and accurate detection of various analytes. Though classical antibodies have prolonged been used as bioreceptors in biosensors fabrication due to their increased fragility, they have been engineered into more stable fragments with increased exposure of their antigen-binding sites in the recent era. In biosensing, the formats constructed by antibody engineering can enhance the signal since the resistance offered by a conventional antibody is much more than these fragments. Hence, signal amplification can be observed when antibody fragments are utilized as bioreceptors instead of full-length antibodies. We present the first systematic review on engineered antibodies as bioreceptors with the description of their engineering methods. The detection of various target analytes, including small molecules, macromolecules, and cells using antibody-based biosensors, has been discussed. A comparison of the classical polyclonal, monoclonal, and engineered antibodies as bioreceptors to construct highly accurate, sensitive, and specific sensors is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphika S Dkhar
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nano-bioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Rohini Kumari
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nano-bioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Supratim Mahapatra
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nano-bioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Divya
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nano-bioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nano-bioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Timir Tripathi
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India; Regional Director's Office, Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), Regional Centre Kohima, Kenuozou, Kohima 797001, India.
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nano-bioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
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