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Chillal AS, Bhawale RT, Kshirsagar UA. Regioselective C(sp 2)-H halogenation of pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines facilitated by hypervalent iodine(iii) under aqueous and ambient conditions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13095-13099. [PMID: 38655480 PMCID: PMC11036372 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
An efficient and mild approach has been developed for the regio-selective direct C3 halogenation of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines employing readily available potassium halide salts and a hypervalent iodine(iii) reagent at ambient temperature. The protocol is both practical and environmentally friendly, utilizing water as a green solvent, potassium halides as an inexpensive and bench stable halogen source and PIDA as a non-toxic reagent, enabling clean and efficient halogenation at room temperature. The procedure yields a range of C3 halogenated pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines in good to excellent yields. Mechanistic studies suggest the involvement of electrophilic substitution mechanism in the halogenation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinay S Chillal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road Indore 453552 India
| | - Rajesh T Bhawale
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road Indore 453552 India
| | - Umesh A Kshirsagar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road Indore 453552 India
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2
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Cui HL. Recent advances in oxidative chlorination. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1580-1601. [PMID: 38312070 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02012f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Considering the wide occurrence and extensive application of organic chlorides in many research fields, the development of easy, practical and green chlorination methodologies is much needed. In the oxidative chlorination strategy, active chlorinating species can be in situ formed by the interaction of easily accessible chlorides such as NaCl, HCl, KCl, CHCl3, etc. and suitable oxidants. Among the established chlorination approaches, this strategy is an attractive one as it features the use of readily available, cheap and safe inorganic or organic chlorides, good atom economy of chlorine, and multiple choices of oxidants. This review summarizes the representative methodologies in the field of oxidative chlorination, covering 2013 to 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lei Cui
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, PR China.
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Sharp-Bucknall L, Tania, Sceney M, Barwise L, Dutton JL. Electrophilic activation of molecular bromine mediated by I(III). Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16472-16479. [PMID: 37873647 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02999a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
In pursuit of a genuine bromo-λ3-iodane, it has been found that the combination of Br2 and electron deficient λ3-iodanes can result in the delivery of both bromine atoms from Br2 to a range of aryl substrates, some highly deactivated. These brominations occur rapidly in common chlorinated solvents at room temperature and can be achieved with the catalytic activation of commercially available PhI(OAc)2 and PhI(OTFA)2. para-NO2 substituted derivatives are employed to direct bromination towards more deactivated substrates. The mechanism of Br2 activation is discussed with insights being made, however it remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Sharp-Bucknall
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Tania
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Marcus Sceney
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Lachlan Barwise
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jason L Dutton
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Hu M, Zhang S, Qin C, Nie H, Xiong Z, Shi X, Zhao Y, Li M, Wang S, Ji F, Jiang G. Selective Electrochemical Halogenation of Functionalized Quinolone. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12958-12970. [PMID: 37620989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
This work describes an effective C3-H halogenation of quinoline-4(1H)-ones under electrochemical conditions, in which potassium halides serve as both halogenating agents and electrolytes. The protocol provides expedient access to different halogenated quinoline-4(1H)-ones with unique regioselectivity, broad substrate scope, and gram-scale synthesis employing convenient, environmentally friendly electrolysis, in an undivided cell. Mechanism studies have shown that halogen radicals can promote the activation of N-H bonds in quinolones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqian Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Nie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Xiong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumiao Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhe Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoucai Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanghua Ji
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangbin Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
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Qin Y, Qi L, Zhen X, Wang X, Chai H, Ma X, Jiang X, Cai X, Zhu W. Different Performances of BF 3, BCl 3, and BBr 3 in Hypervalent Iodine-Catalyzed Halogenations. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4359-4371. [PMID: 36939669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein, hypervalent iodine-catalyzed halogenation of aryl-activated alkenes using BX3 (X = Cl, Br) as the halogen source and activating reagents was reported. Various halogenated 1,3-oxazine/2-oxazoline derivatives were obtained in good-to-high yields. Using BF3 resulted in different substitute sites from BBr3 and BCl3 of the products, indicating different reactive intermediates and reaction pathways. The reaction underwent a "ligand coupling/oxidative addition/intermolecular nucleophilic attack/1,2-aryl migration/reductive elimination/intramolecular nucleophilic attack" cascade when BF3 was applied as the halogen source, while 1,2-aryl migration has "disappeared" when the halogen source was BBr3 or BCl3. Possible catalytic cycles were proposed, and DFT calculations were conducted to demonstrate the differences among BX3 (X = F, Cl, Br) in the hypervalent iodine-catalyzed halogenations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liang Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiang Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hongli Chai
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xingyu Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xianxing Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Zhao B, Li X, Wang X, Jiang L, Li Z, Du Y. Synthesis of 3-Haloindoles via Cascade Oxidative Cyclization/Halogenation of 2-Alkenylanilines Mediated by PIDA and LiBr/KI. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1493-1503. [PMID: 36631394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of 2-alkenylanilines with phenyliodine(III) diacetate (PIDA) and LiBr or KI in HFIP was found to afford the corresponding 3-haloindoles via cascade oxidative cyclization/halogenation encompassing oxidative C-N/C-X (X = Br, I) bond formations. A plausible mechanism involving the in situ formation of the reactive AcO-X (X = Br, I) from the reaction of PIDA and LiBr/KI was postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyue Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoxian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaofan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Luchen Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunfei Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Dong L, Wang X, Nie Y, Yu S, Li H, Zhao Q, Fan Z, Wang Y, Tan X, Yu Z. Regioselective Perfluoroalkylation of 4‐Quinolones Using Sodium Perfluoroalkyl Sulfinates. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Dong
- College of Life Science Hebei Agriculture University The Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Micro-organism Baoding Hebei 071000 China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- College of Science Hebei Agriculture University Baoding Hebei 071000 China
| | - Yudi Nie
- College of Life Science Hebei Agriculture University The Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Micro-organism Baoding Hebei 071000 China
| | - Shuo Yu
- College of Life Science Hebei Agriculture University The Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Micro-organism Baoding Hebei 071000 China
| | - Haotong Li
- College of Life Science Hebei Agriculture University The Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Micro-organism Baoding Hebei 071000 China
| | - Qian Zhao
- College of Modern Science and Technology Hebei Agriculture University Baoding Hebei 071000 China
| | - Zixuan Fan
- College of Life Science Hebei Agriculture University The Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Micro-organism Baoding Hebei 071000 China
| | - Yuqian Wang
- College of Modern Science and Technology Hebei Agriculture University Baoding Hebei 071000 China
| | - Xiaoting Tan
- College of Modern Science and Technology Hebei Agriculture University Baoding Hebei 071000 China
| | - Zhengsen Yu
- College of Life Science Hebei Agriculture University The Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Micro-organism Baoding Hebei 071000 China
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Segura-Quezada LA, Torres-Carbajal KR, Juárez-Ornelas KA, Alonso-Castro AJ, Ortiz-Alvarado R, Dohi T, Solorio-Alvarado CR. Iodine(III) reagents for oxidative aromatic halogenation. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5009-5034. [PMID: 35703407 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00741j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iodine(III) reagents have attracted chemical relvance in organic synthesis by their use as safe, non-toxic, green and easy to handle reagents in different transformations. These characteristics make them important alternatives to procedures involving hazardous and harsh reaction conditions. Their versatility as oxidants has been exploited in the functionalization of different aromatic cores, which allow the introduction of several groups. Metal-free arylation using iodine(III) reagents is by far one of the most described topics in the literature; however, other highly relevant non-aromatic groups have been also introduced. Herein, we summarize the most representative developed procedures for the functionalization of aryls and heteroaryls by introducing halogens, using different iodine(III) reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Segura-Quezada
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
| | - Karina R Torres-Carbajal
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
| | - Kevin A Juárez-Ornelas
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
| | - Angel J Alonso-Castro
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
| | - Rafael Ortiz-Alvarado
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Facultad de Químico Farmacobiología, Tzintzuntzan 173, col. Matamoros, Morelia, Mich., Mexico.
| | - Toshifumi Dohi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - César R Solorio-Alvarado
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
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