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Arunkumar A, Ju XH. Computational method on highly efficient D-π-A-π-D-based different molecular acceptors for organic solar cells applications and non-linear optical behaviour. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 317:124391. [PMID: 38704998 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Eight molecular structures (BT-A1 to BT-A8) with high-performance non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) were selected for organic solar cells (OSCs) and non-linear optical (NLO) applications. Their electronic, photovoltaic (PV) and optoelectronic properties were tuned by adding powerful electron-withdrawing groups to the acceptor (A) of the D-π-A-π-D structure. Using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) techniques, based on the laws of quantum chemical calculations, the absorption spectra, stability of the highest and lowest-energy molecular orbitals (HOMO/LUMOs), electron density, intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), transition density matrix (TDM), were examined. The binding energy (Eb) and density of states (DOS) were probed to realize the optoelectronic analysis of the structures BT-A1 to BT-A8. Noncovalent interactions (NCIs) based on a reduced density gradient (RDG) were used to describe the nature and strength of D-A interactions in the molecules BT-A1 to BT-A8. The new refined molecules BT-A1 to BT-A8 exhibited strong absorbance bands between 408-721 nm and high electron transfer contribution (ETC) ranges between 87-96 %, along with the smallest excitation energies (Ex) between 1.71-3.55 eV in the solvent dichloromethane. Dipolar moment strengths ranging from 0.38 to 4.72 Debye in both the excited and ground states have determined with good solubility properties of BT-A1 to BT-A8 in polar solvent. Highly effective charge mobilities and prevention of charge recombination have been demonstrated by the electron (0.18-0.41 eV) and hole RE values (0.13-0.89 eV) for the new compounds. Power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of BT-A1 to BT-A8 were nearly the same because of better outcomes compared to the molecules in the BT. Compared to poly[4.8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b: 4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6- diyl-alt-(4-2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl)] (PTB7-Th), the open circuit voltages (Voc) of compounds BT-A1 to BT-A8 were ranged from 1.52 to 2.13 eV. The polarizability (α) and hyperpolarizability (β) of the molecules BT-A1 to BT-A8 were used to determine the non-linear optical (NLO) properties. The results showed that BT-A2, BT-A6 and BT-A7 have good NLO activity. This computational analysis demonstrates the superiority of the molecules with NFA. Hence the compounds are advised for the use in production of high-performance OSCs and NLO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammasi Arunkumar
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China
| | - Xue-Hai Ju
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China.
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2
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Rosa NMP, Borges I. Photophysical properties of donor (D)-acceptor (A)-donor (D) diketopyrrolopyrrole (A) systems as donors for applications to organic electronic devices. J Comput Chem 2024. [PMID: 39212065 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Fourteen substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) molecules in a donor (D)-acceptor (DPP)-donor (D) arrangement were designed. We employed density functional theory, time-dependent DFT, DFT-MRCI and the ab initio wave function second-order algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC(2)) methods to investigate theoretically these systems. The examined aromatic substituents have one, two, or three hetero- and non-hetero rings. We comprehensively investigated their optical, electronic, and charge transport properties to evaluate potential applications in organic electronic devices. We found that the donor substituents based on one, two, or three aromatic rings bonded to the DPP core can improve the efficiency of an organic solar cell by fine-tuning the highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels to match acceptors in typical bulk heterojunctions acceptors. Several properties of interest for organic photovoltaic devices were computed. We show that the investigated molecules are promising for applications as donor materials when combined with typical acceptors in bulk heterojunctions because they have appreciable energy conversion efficiencies resulting from their low ionization potentials and high electron affinities. This scenario allows a more effective charge separation and reduces the recombination rates. A comprehensive charge transfer analysis shows that D-A (DDP)-D systems have significant intramolecular charge transfer, further confirming their promise as candidates for donor materials in solar cells. The significant photophysical properties of DPP derivatives, including the high fluorescence emission, also allow these materials to be used in organic light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália M P Rosa
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Itamar Borges
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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3
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Zulfiqar A, Akhter MS, Waqas M, Bhatti IA, Imran M, Shawky AM, Shaban M, Alotaibi HF, Mahal A, Ashour A, Duan M, S Alshomrany A, Khera RA. Engineering of the Central Core on DBD-Based Materials with Improved Power-Conversion Efficiency by Using the DFT Approach. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:29205-29225. [PMID: 39005764 PMCID: PMC11238312 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Developing proficient organic solar cells with improved optoelectronic properties is still a matter of concern. In the current study, with an aspiration to boost the optoelectronic properties and proficiency of organic solar cells, seven new small-molecule acceptors (Db1-Db7) are presented by altering the central core of the reference molecule (DBD-4F). The optoelectronic aspects of DBD-4F and Db1-Db7 molecules were explored using the density functional theory (DFT) approach, and solvent-state calculations were assessed utilizing TD-SCF simulations. It was noted that improvement in photovoltaic features was achieved by designing these molecules. The results revealed a bathochromic shift in absorption maxima (λmax) of designed molecules reaching up to 776 nm compared to 736 nm of DBD-4F. Similarly, a narrow band gap, low excitation energy, and reduced binding energy were also observed in newly developed molecules in comparison with the pre-existing DBD-4F molecule. Performance improvement can be indicated by the high light-harvesting efficiency (LHE) of designed molecules (ranging from 0.9992 to 0.9996 eV) compared to the reference having a 0.9991 eV LHE. Db4 and Db5 exhibited surprisingly improved open-circuit voltage (V OC) values up to 1.64 and 1.67 eV and a fill factor of 0.9198 and 0.9210, respectively. Consequently, these newly designed molecules can be considered in the future for practical use in manufacturing OSCs with improved optoelectronic and photovoltaic attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamna Zulfiqar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salim Akhter
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir 32028, Bahrain
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Shaban
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
- Nanophotonics and Applications (NPA) Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Hadil Faris Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint AbdulRahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mahal
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, College of Health Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Adel Ashour
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meitao Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, P. R. China
- Research Center for Sustained and Controlled Release Agents, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, P. R. China
| | - Ali S Alshomrany
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Taif HWY, Mecca 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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Almatari AS, Saeed A, Abdel-Ghani GE, Abdullah MMS, Al-Lohedan HA, Abdel-Latif E, El-Demerdash A. Synthesis of Some Novel Thiophene Analogues as Potential Anticancer Agents. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400313. [PMID: 38467571 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study involves the synthesis novel thiophene analogues that can be used as anticancer medications through a strategic multicomponent reaction connecting ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate (1), phenyl isothiocyanate, and a series of active methylene reagents, including ethyl acetoacetate (2), malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide 6a-c, N-phenyl cyanoacetamide derivatives 13a-c, and acetoacetanilide derivatives 18. This reaction was facilitated by dry dimethylformamide with a catalytic quantity of K2CO3. The resultant thiophene derivatives were identified as 4, 8a-b, 9, 12a-d, 15a-c, and 20a-b. Further reaction of compound 4 with hydrazine hydrate yielded derivative 5, respectively. When compound 1 was refluxed with ethyl 3-mercapto-3-(phenylamino)-2-(p-substituted phenyldiazenyl)acrylate 10a-e in the presence of sodium ethoxide, it produced thiophene derivatives 12a-d. Comprehensive structural elucidation of these newly synthesized thiophene-analogues was accomplished via elemental and spectral analysis data. Furthermore, the study delves into the cytotoxicity of the newly synthesized thiophenes was evaluated using the HepG2, A2780, and A2780CP cell lines. The amino-thiophene derivative 15b exhibited an increased growth inhibition of A2780, and A2780CP with IC50 values 12±0.17, and 10±0.15 μM, respectively compared to Sorafenib with IC50 values 7.5±0.54 and 9.4±0.14. This research opens new avenues for developing thiophene-based anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf S Almatari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ali Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ghada E Abdel-Ghani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahmood M S Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad A Al-Lohedan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Abdel-Latif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Amr El-Demerdash
- Metabolic Biology & Biological Chemistry Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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5
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Pavalamuthu M, Navamani K. Entropy-ruled nonequilibrium charge transport in thiazolothiazole-based molecular crystals: a quantum chemical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16488-16504. [PMID: 38751327 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05739a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The charge and energy fluctuations in molecular solids are crucial factors for a better understanding of charge transport (CT) in organic semiconductors. The energetic disorder-coupled molecular charge transport is still not well-established. Moreover, the conventional Einstein's diffusion (D)-mobility (μ) relation fails to explain the quantum features of organic semiconductors, including nonequilibrium and degenerate transport systems, where kB is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature and q is the electric charge. To overcome this issue, a unified version of the entropy-ruled D/μ relation was proposed by Navamani (J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2024, 15, 2519-2528) for hopping and band transport systems as where d, η and heff are the dimension (d = 1, 2, 3), chemical potential and effective entropy, respectively. Within this context, we investigate the CT properties of 2,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (MOP-TZTZ) and 2,5-bis(2,4,5 trifluorophenyl)-thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (TFP-TZTZ) molecular solids using electronic structure calculations and the entropy-ruled method. The CT key parameters such as charge transfer integral and site energy are computed by matrix elements of the Kohn-Sham Hamiltonian. Using Marcus theory, the charge transfer rate is numerically calculated for MOP-TZTZ and TFP-TZTZ molecular crystals under different site energy disorder (ΔEij(E⃑)) situations. Using our entropy-ruled method, the exact diffusion-mobility (D/μ) and other transport quantities such as thermodynamic density of states, conductivity, and current density are calculated for these derivatives at different applied electric field values via the site energy disorder. The theoretical results show that the molecule TFP-TZTZ has good hole mobility (∼0.012 cm2 V-1 s-1) at a site energy disorder value of 90 meV. The obtained ideality factor from the Navamani-Shockley diode current density equation categorizes the typical transport as either the Langevin-type or Shockley-Read-Hall mechanism in the studied molecular solids. Our analysis clearly shows that both the electron and hole transport in these MOP-TZTZ and TFP-TZTZ molecules follow the trap-free Langevin mechanism, which is indeed ideal for designing charge-transporting molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pavalamuthu
- Department of Physics, Centre for Research and Development (CFRD), KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore-641407, India.
| | - K Navamani
- Department of Physics, Centre for Research and Development (CFRD), KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore-641407, India.
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Noor T, Waqas M, Shaban M, Hameed S, Ateeq-ur-Rehman, Ahmed SB, Alrafai HA, Al-Saeedi SI, Ibrahim MAA, Hadia NMA, Khera RA, Hassan AA. Designing Thieno[3,4- c]pyrrole-4,6-dione Core-Based, A 2-D-A 1-D-A 2-Type Acceptor Molecules for Promising Photovoltaic Parameters in Organic Photovoltaic Cells. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6403-6422. [PMID: 38375499 PMCID: PMC10876087 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Nonfullerene-based organic solar cells can be utilized as favorable photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices due to their enhanced life span and efficiency. In this research, seven new molecules were designed to improve the working efficiency of organic solar cells by utilizing a terminal acceptor modification approach. The perceived A2-D-A1-D-A2 configuration-based molecules possess a lower band gap ranging from 1.95 to 2.21 eV compared to the pre-existing reference molecule (RW), which has a band gap of 2.23 eV. The modified molecules also exhibit higher λmax values ranging from 672 to 768 nm in the gaseous and 715-839 nm in solvent phases, respectively, as compared to the (RW) molecule, which has λmax values at 673 and 719 nm in gas and chloroform medium, respectively. The ground state geometries, molecular planarity parameter, and span of deviation from the plane were analyzed to study the planarity of all of the molecules. The natural transition orbitals, the density of state, molecular electrostatic potential, noncovalent interactions, frontier molecular orbitals, and transition density matrix analysis of all studied molecules were executed to validate the optoelectronic properties of these molecules. Improved charge mobilities and dipole moments were observed, as newly designed molecules possessed lower internal reorganization energies. The open circuit voltage (Voc) of W4, W5, W6, and W7 among newly designed molecules was improved as compared to the reference molecule. These results elaborate on the superiority of these novel-designed molecules over the pre-existing (RW) molecule as potential blocks for better organic solar cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeela Noor
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Shaban
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic
University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
- Nanophotonics
and Applications (NPA) Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Shanza Hameed
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ateeq-ur-Rehman
- Department
of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Samia Ben Ahmed
- Departement
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - H. A. Alrafai
- Departement
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi
- Department
of Chemistry, Collage of Science, Princess
Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- School
of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - N. M. A. Hadia
- Physics
Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 2014, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Abeer A. Hassan
- Departement
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of chemistry, Faculty of science for Girls, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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7
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Idrissi A, Atir R, Elfakir Z, Staoui A, Bouzakraoui S. New bithiophene-based molecules as hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells and or as donor for organic solar cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 305:123528. [PMID: 37857069 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
DFT and TDDFT approaches were used to design three (T16,17,18) molecules based on 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bithiophene core to explore the influence of substitution of triphenylamine (TPA) fragment by methoxy groups, and introduction of azomethine π-bridges on the optoelectronic properties of hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) or as donor for organic solar cells (OSCs). To shed light on the efficiency, stability, and solubility several physicochemical parameters were computed in dichloromethane solvent. All designed molecules show appropriate frontier molecular orbital levels, which facilitates effective hole transfer from the perovskite materials to the HTMs in the hole-transporting layer in PSC devices. They all show good efficiency and pore-fillings and are stable and soluble in dichloromethane. Electron-hole pairs can easily dissociate into free charge carriers, especially for T16 and T17; consequently, improve short-circuit current densities and facilitate hole transport. It is also advised to use T18 which includes azomethine bridges as a donor with a non-fullerene Y6 acceptor to create effective OSCs because it exhibits high open circuit voltage, fill factor and low gap energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdennacer Idrissi
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Process Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofaïl University Campus Universitaire, Kénitra, Morocco.
| | - Redouane Atir
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Process Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofaïl University Campus Universitaire, Kénitra, Morocco
| | - Zouhair Elfakir
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Process Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofaïl University Campus Universitaire, Kénitra, Morocco
| | - Abdelali Staoui
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Process Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofaïl University Campus Universitaire, Kénitra, Morocco
| | - Said Bouzakraoui
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Process Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofaïl University Campus Universitaire, Kénitra, Morocco
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Atiq K, Iqbal MMA, Hassan T, Hussain R. An efficient end-capped engineering of pyrrole-based acceptor molecules for high-performance organic solar cells. J Mol Model 2023; 30:13. [PMID: 38103081 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Various innovative molecules have been designed and explored for use in organic photovoltaics. In this study, we devised novel molecules (KZ1-KZ7) specifically for organic solar cells (OSCs). The newly formulated acceptor compounds possess a lower bandgap (Eg = 1.85-2.02), along with bathochromic shift (λmax = 713-788 nm) compared to the reference (Eg = 2.04 eV and λmax = 774 nm). Moreover, the FMO results identified the distinct charge transfer from HOMO to LUMO, which was strongly corroborated by the TDM maps. Similarly, the new designed molecules show less excitation energy (Ex = 1.31-1.54(gas)) than reference (Ex = 1.72). Likewise, all designed molecules (KZ1-KZ7) have demonstrated an analogous open circuit voltage (Voc) with the donor polymer PTB7-Th. All seven designed molecules (KZ1-KZ7) exhibited more fill factor ranging from 97.08 to 97.29 than reference 95.25 and PCE of between 8 and 20% at short circuit current densities of 9, 12, and 15 mA cm-2. Overall, the findings support that designed molecules can be potential molecules for future practical applications. METHODS Geometric calculations were conducted with Gaussian 09W software, and the findings were visualized using Gauss View software. DFT and TD-DFT were employed to evaluate various parameters for R and designed molecules (KZ1-KZ7). Firstly, four functionals including B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP, MPW1PW91, and ωB97XD with 6-31G(d,p) DFT level were applied to R to decide the best level for results. After appropriate analysis, the MPW1PW91/6-31G(d,p) was selected for further examination by comparing the experimental and DFT-based absorption graphs of R. External and internal reorganization energy are the two main factors contributing to reorganization energy. External energy refers to changes in external environment, while internal energy deals with information related to internal geometrical symmetry or the internal environment. The effect of outside factors or external reorganizational energy is omitted because it creates too little change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kainat Atiq
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | | | - Talha Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, 56300, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, 56300, Pakistan.
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9
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Iftikhar R, Irshad R, Zahid WA, Akram W, Shehzad RA, Abdelmohsen SAM, Alanazi MM, Shahzad N, Iqbal J. Designing of fluorine-substituted benzodithiophene-based small molecules with efficient photovoltaic parameters. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 125:108588. [PMID: 37557026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, four hole-transporting materials (JY-M1, JY-M2, JY-M3, and JY-M4) are designed by modifying benzothiadiazole-based core with diphenylamine-based carbazole via acceptors through thiophene linkers. The designed molecules exhibited deeper HOMO energy with smaller energy gaps than the reference JY molecule which enhance their hole mobility. The absorption spectra of the JY-M1, JY-M2, JY-M3, and JY-M4 molecules are located at 380 nm to 407 nm in the gaseous phase and 397 nm to 433 nm in the solvent phase, which is red-shifted and higher than the reference molecule, demonstrating that designed molecules possess improved light absorption properties and enhanced effective hole transfer. The dipole moments of the designed molecules (14.74 D to 26.12 D) indicate a greater ability for charge separation, solubility and will be beneficial to produce multilayer films. Moreover, the results of hole reorganization energy (0.38198 eV to 0.45304 eV) and charge transfer integral (0.14315 eV to 0.14665 eV) of designing molecules show improved hole mobility and lower recombination losses compared to the JY molecule. Overall, we suggested that the structural modifications in the designed molecules contributed to their enhanced efficiency in converting light energy into electrical energy and have the potential for utilization in solar devices, paving the way for future advancements in the field of photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Iftikhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rabiya Irshad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ali Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Akram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rao Aqil Shehzad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shaimaa A M Abdelmohsen
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meznah M Alanazi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabeel Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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10
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Kuznetsov IE, Piryazev AA, Akhkiamova AF, Sideltsev ME, Anokhin DV, Lolaeva AV, Gapanovich MV, Zamoretskov DS, Sagdullina DK, Klyuev MV, Ivanov DA, Akkuratov AV. Remarkable Enhancement of Hole Mobility of Novel DA-D'-AD Small Molecules by Thermal Annealing: Effect of the D'-Bridge Block. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300310. [PMID: 37560983 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated small molecules are advanced semiconductor materials with attractive physicochemical and optoelectronic properties enabling the development of next-generation electronic devices. The charge carrier mobility of small molecules strongly influences the efficiency of organic and hybrid electronics based on them. Herein, we report the synthesis of four novel small molecules and their investigation with regard to the impact of molecular structure and thermal treatment of films on charge carriers' mobility. The benzodithiophene-containing compounds (BDT) were shown to be more promising in terms of tuning the morphology upon thermal treatment. Impressive enhancement of hole mobilities by more than 50 times was found for annealed films based on a compound M4 comprising triisopropylsilyl-functionalized BDT core. The results provide a favorable experience and strategy for the rational design of state-of-the-art organic semiconductor materials (OSMs) and for improving their charge-transport characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya E Kuznetsov
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC PCPMC RAS), Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Piryazev
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC PCPMC RAS), Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
- Moscow State University, GSP-1, 1 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340, Sochi, Russian Federation
| | - Azaliia F Akhkiamova
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC PCPMC RAS), Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
- Moscow State University, GSP-1, 1 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim E Sideltsev
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC PCPMC RAS), Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Denis V Anokhin
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC PCPMC RAS), Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
- Moscow State University, GSP-1, 1 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340, Sochi, Russian Federation
| | - Alina V Lolaeva
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC PCPMC RAS), Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail V Gapanovich
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC PCPMC RAS), Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
- Moscow State University, GSP-1, 1 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Davlad S Zamoretskov
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC PCPMC RAS), Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
- Ivanovo State University, Ermaka 39, Ivanovo, 153025, Russian Federation
| | - Diana K Sagdullina
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC PCPMC RAS), Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail V Klyuev
- Ivanovo State University, Ermaka 39, Ivanovo, 153025, Russian Federation
| | - Dimitri A Ivanov
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC PCPMC RAS), Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
- Moscow State University, GSP-1, 1 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340, Sochi, Russian Federation
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse-IS2M CNRS UMR 7361, 15, rue Jean Starcky, F-68057, Mulhouse, France
| | - Alexander V Akkuratov
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC PCPMC RAS), Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
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11
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Aloufi F, Halawani RF, Jamoussi B, Hajri AK, Zahi N. Quantum Modification of Indacenodithieno[3,2- b]thiophene-Based Non-fullerene Acceptor Molecules for Organic Solar Cells of High Efficiency. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:21425-21437. [PMID: 37360427 PMCID: PMC10286251 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In order to enhance the efficacy of organic solar cells, six new three-dimensional small donor molecules (IT-SM1 to IT-SM6) have been computationally designed by modifying the peripheral acceptors of the reference molecule (IT-SMR). The frontier molecular orbitals revealed that IT-SM2 to IT-SM5 had a smaller band gap (Egap) than IT-SMR. They also had smaller excitation energies (Ex) and exhibited a bathochromic shift in their absorption maxima (λmax) when compared to IT-SMR. In both the gas and chloroform phases, IT-SM2 had the largest dipole moment. IT-SM2 also had the best electron mobility, while IT-SM6 had the best hole mobility owing to their smallest reorganization energy for electron (0.1127 eV) and hole (0.0907 eV) mobility, respectively. The analyzed donor molecules' open-circuit voltage (VOC) indicated that all of these proposed molecules had greater VOC and fill factor (FF) values than the IT-SMR molecule. In accordance with the evidence of this work, the altered molecules can seem to be quite proficient for usage by experimentalists and have prospective use in future in the manufacture of organic solar cells with improved photovoltaic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahed
A. Aloufi
- Department
of Environment, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyadh F. Halawani
- Department
of Environment, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Jamoussi
- Department
of Environmental Science, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and
Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira K. Hajri
- Department
of Chemistry, Alwajh College, University
of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nesrine Zahi
- Applied
College, Huraymila, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud
Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
- Thermal
and Energetic Systems Studies Laboratory (LESTE), National Engineering
School of Monastir (ENIM), University of
Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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12
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Rasool A, Basha B, Elmushyakhi A, Hossain I, Rehman AU, Ans M. Tuning the optoelectronic properties of acridine-triphenylamine (ACR-TPA) based novel hole transporting material for high efficiency perovskite and organic solar cell. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 123:108526. [PMID: 37263156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this research, five distinct small donor molecules (designated as ACR-TPA-X1, ACR-TPA-X2, ACR-TPA-X3, ACR-TPA-X4, ACR-TPA-X5) are constructed by replacing the methoxy groups on both sides of the model molecule (ACR-TPA-R) with thiophene bridged acceptor moieties. We have used the B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) model for our computational studies. Our model molecule's morphological alteration has resulted in a lowered Eg of 1.77-2.51 eV as compared to model (ACR-TPA-R=3.84 eV). ACR-TPA-X2 investigated the λmax at 776 nm. ACR-TPA-X4 was found to be most miscible with dichloromethane (DCM). The greatest VOC(1.21 eV) was observed in ACR-TPA-X1. Among all of the variants, ACR-TPA-X1 had the highest PCE (23.42%). It was found that ACR-TPA-X4 had the highest electron mobility (0.00370 eV) and ACR-TPA-X5 had the highest hole mobility (0.00324 eV) of all the materials examined. The findings prove the worth of the methods used, paving the way for the development of effective small donors for OSCs and HTMs for PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvina Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Beriham Basha
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abraham Elmushyakhi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail Hossain
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, 620000, Russia
| | - Attiq Ur Rehman
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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13
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Rasool A, Ans M, El Maati LA, Abdelmohsen SAM, Alotaibi BM, Iqbal J. Designing of anthracene-arylamine hole transporting materials for organic and perovskite solar cells. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 122:108464. [PMID: 37087884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the creation of 5 small donor molecules (A102W1-A102W5) by substituting the one-sided methoxy group of model (A102R) with different thiophene bridged acceptor moieties. B3LYP/6-31**G (d,p) model has been employed for computational analysis. The best miscibility was found for A102W3 in dichloromethane (DCM) solvent, where its λmax was also found to be at 753 nm, its Eg was found to be 1.55 eV as well as dipole moment in DCM was 21.47 D. The percentage of PCE among all the variants was greatest for A102W2 (25.31%). The electron reorganization energy shown by A102W4 was 0.00470 eV, whereas the hole reorganization energy investigated in A102W2 was 0.00586 eV representing their maximum electron and hole mobility respectively amongst all. Results validate the value of specified techniques, opening a new door to create efficient small donors for OSCs and HTMs for PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvina Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Lamia Abu El Maati
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shaimaa A M Abdelmohsen
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badriah M Alotaibi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Gul S, Ans M, Abdelmohsen SAM, Alanazi MM, Hossain I, Iqbal J. Methoxy triphenylamine hexaazatrinaphthylene based small molecules as donor material for photovoltaic applications. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 122:108486. [PMID: 37080003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) are capturing huge interest because of their numerous benefits, which include transparency, flexibility, and solution processability. In current project, five new donor molecules (J1-J5) were designed by employing the strategy of end capped alteration of the acceptor moieties on the two sides of the reference molecule. The Methoxy Triphenylamine hexaazatrinaphthylene (MeO-TPA-HATNA) have been used as a reference molecule in this study. DFT and TD-DFT methods employing B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) functional has been applied to perform different analysis. Geometrical, and opto-electronic features of all tailored chromophores were investigated, and comparison was made with the reference J. Among all tailored molecules, J5 shows highest λmax (862 nm) with the least band gap of 1.28 eV. TDM and DOS analysis revealed the high rate of charge transfer. Further, reorganization energy calculations are also executed to examine the charge transfer features of the designed molecules. The results shows that J5 among all these molecules has the highest rate of charge carrier (electron and hole) mobility with least RE values and this molecule can be used as a promising donor material for OSCs with remarkable charge transferring properties. Furthermore, the designed materials showed a suitable HOMO along with higher LUMO energy levels with respect to PC61BM molecule and coupling the PC61BM acceptor with investigated donor molecules gives highly increased Voc (0.66-0.76 V) than reference molecule (0.49 V) and also the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is elevated to 15.09%. The outcomes of current theoretical research have demonstrated that the end capped alteration of different acceptor groups is an excellent strategy to get OSCs with desirable photovoltaic performance. As, all the newly created molecules (J1-J5) have exhibited outstanding electronic and optical properties therefore, these can be expectedly prove excellent material for creating high efficiency future organic photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehla Gul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Shaimaa A M Abdelmohsen
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meznah M Alanazi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail Hossain
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, 620000, Russia
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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15
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Rashid EU, Hadia NMA, Shawky AM, Ijaz N, Essid M, Iqbal J, Alatawi NS, Ans M, Khera RA. Quantum modeling of dimethoxyl-indaceno dithiophene based acceptors for the development of semiconducting acceptors with outstanding photovoltaic potential. RSC Adv 2023; 13:4641-4655. [PMID: 36760314 PMCID: PMC9900428 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07957g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current DFT study, seven dimethoxyl-indaceno dithiophene based semiconducting acceptor molecules (ID1-ID7) are designed computationally by modifying the parent molecule (IDR). Here, based on a DFT exploration at a carefully selected level of theory, we have compiled a list of the optoelectronic properties of ID1-ID7 and IDR. In light of these results, all newly designed molecules, except ID5 have shown a bathochromic shift in their highest absorbance (λ max). ID1-ID4, ID6 and ID7 molecules have smaller band gap (E gap) and excitation energy (E x). IP of ID5 is the smallest and EA of ID1 is the largest among all others. Compared to the parent molecule, ID1-ID3 have increased electron mobility, with ID1 being the most improved in hole mobility. ID4 had the best light harvesting efficiency in this investigation, due to its strongest oscillator. The acceptor molecules' open-circuit voltages (V OC) were computed after being linked to the PTB7-Th donor molecule. Fill factor (FF) and normalized V OC of ID1-ID7 were calculated and compared to the parent molecule. Based on the outcomes of this study, the modified acceptors may be further scrutinised for empirical usage in the production of organic solar cells with enhanced photovoltaic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ullah Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - N. M. A. Hadia
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf UniversityP.O. Box 2014SakakaAl-JoufSaudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah 21955Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashra Ijaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Manel Essid
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU)P.O. Box 9004AbhaSaudi Arabia,Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, LR13ES08 Laboratoire de Chimie des MatériauxZarzouna Bizerte7021Tunisia
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Naifa S. Alatawi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of TabukTabuk 71421Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
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16
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Etabti H, Fitri A, Benjelloun AT, Benzakour M, Mcharfi M. Designing and Theoretical Study of Dibenzocarbazole Derivatives Based Hole Transport Materials: Application for Perovskite Solar Cells. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:1201-1216. [PMID: 36629966 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hole-transporting materials (HTMs) are essentials in producing the efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this article, we provided the investigation results of electronic structures and photophysical characteristics of eight designed derivatives (HTM1a-HTM4a and HTM1b-HTM4b) of a dibenzocarbazole-based compound HTMR. HTMR was modified by substituting the terminal groups located on the diphenylamine moieties with two and four electron donor groups (ED1-ED4) of different character. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) have been used to optimize the geometry of the ground state and for excited state calculations, respectively. The nature and number of electron donor substitutions on the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), ionization potential (IP), electronic affinity (AE), maximum absorption wavelengths ([Formula: see text], solubility ([Formula: see text], stability (η), exciton binding energy ([Formula: see text], reorganization energies ([Formula: see text] and charge mobility (k) are examined and discussed in detail. On this basis, the features such as proper HOMO levels (-5.464 and -4.745 eV), comparable hole mobilities ([Formula: see text] (4.632 × 1013 and 1.177 × 1014 s-1), a significant [Formula: see text] (367.13 and 398.27 nm), and high η (1.440 and 1.667 eV) have made these structures suitable hole transport materials (HTMs) to provide perovskite solar cells with a high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Etabti
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Asmae Fitri
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Adil Touimi Benjelloun
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Benzakour
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Mcharfi
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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17
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End-group Modification of terminal acceptors on benzothiadiazole-based BT2F-IC4F molecule to establish efficient organic solar cells. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Rani S, Al-Zaqri N, Iqbal J, Akram SJ, Boshaala A, Mehmood RF, Saeed MU, Rashid EU, Khera RA. Designing dibenzosilole core based, A 2-π-A 1-π-D-π-A 1-π-A 2 type donor molecules for promising photovoltaic parameters in organic photovoltaic cells. RSC Adv 2022; 12:29300-29318. [PMID: 36320777 PMCID: PMC9558076 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05934g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research work, four new molecules from the π-A-π-D-π-A-π type reference molecule "DBS-2PP", were designed for their potential application in organic solar cells by adding peripheral A2 acceptors to the reference. Under density functional theory, a comprehensive theoretical investigation was conducted to examine the structural geometries, along with the optical and photovoltaic parameters; comprising frontier molecular orbitals, density of states, light-harvesting effectiveness, excitation, binding, and reorganizational energies, molar absorption coefficient, dipole moment, as well as transition density matrix of all the molecules under study. In addition, some photo-voltaic characteristics (open circuit photo-voltage and fill factor) were also studied for these molecules. Although all the developed compounds (D1-D4) surpassed the reference molecule in the attributes mentioned above, D4 proved to be the best. D4 possessed the narrowest band-gap, as well as the highest absorption maxima and dipole moment of all the molecules in both the evaluated phases. Moreover, with PC61BM as the acceptor, D4 showed the maximum V OC and FF values. Furthermore, while D3 had the greatest hole mobility owing to its lowest value of hole reorganization energy, D4 exhibited the maximum electron mobility due to its lowermost value of electron reorganization energy. Overall, all the chromophores proposed in this study showed outstanding structural, optical, and photovoltaic features. Considering this, organic solar cell fabrication can be improved by using these newly derived donors at the donor-acceptor interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Rani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Nabil Al-Zaqri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain Zallaq Bahrain
| | - Sahar Javaid Akram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Boshaala
- Research Centre, Manchester Salt & Catalysis Unit C, 88-90 Chorlton Rd M15 4AN Manchester UK
- Libyan Authority for Scientific Research P. O. Box 80045 Tripoli Libya
| | - Rana Farhat Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Township Lahore 54770 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Ehsan Ullah Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
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19
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Spirothienoquinoline-based acceptor molecular systems for organic solar cell applications: DFT investigation. J Mol Model 2022; 28:244. [PMID: 35927594 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In this research, eight three-dimensional benzothiadiazole and spirothienoquinoline-based donor molecules of the A-D-A-D-A configuration were formulated by introducing new acceptor groups (A1-A4) to the terminal sites of recently synthesized potent donor molecule (tBuSAF-Th-BT-Th-tBuSAF). Frontier molecular orbital analysis, reorganization energies, the density of states analysis, transition density matrix analysis, dipole moment, open-circuit voltage, and some photophysical properties were all assessed using CAMB3LYP/LanL2DZ. The optoelectronic properties of freshly proposed compounds were compared to the reference molecule (SQR). Due to the existence of robust electron-attracting acceptor moiety, SQM3 and SQM7 had the greatest maximum absorption of all other investigated molecules, with the values of 534 and 536 nm, respectively. The maximum dipole moment, narrow bandgap (3.81 eV and 3.66 eV), and HOMO energies (- 5.92 eV, 5.95 eV) are also found in SQM3 and SQM7, respectively. The SQM3 molecule also possesses the least reorganization energy for hole mobility (0.007237 eV) than all other considered molecules. The open-circuit voltage of all the molecules considered to be donors, was calculated with respect to PC61BM and it is estimated that except SQM7 and SQM3 all other newly developed molecules have improved open-circuit voltage. The findings show that most of the designed donor molecules can perform better experimentally and should be employed for practical implementations in the future.
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20
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Qaisar M, Zahid S, Khera RA, El-Badry YA, Saeed MU, Mehmood RF, Iqbal J. Molecular Modeling of Pentacyclic Aromatic Bislactam-Based Small Donor Molecules by Altering Auxiliary End-Capped Acceptors to Elevate the Photovoltaic Attributes of Organic Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:20528-20541. [PMID: 35755375 PMCID: PMC9219062 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule (SM)-based organic solar cells (OSCs) have dominated the photovoltaic industry on account of their efficient optical and electronic properties. This quantum mechanical study addresses a DFT study of pentacyclic aromatic bislactam (PCL)-based small molecules for extremely proficient OSCs. Five novel small molecules (PCLM1-PCLM5) retaining the A-π-A-π-D-π-A-π-A arrangement were fabricated from the reference PCLR. At the MPW1PW91/6-31G** level of theory, detailed profiling of these novel molecules was performed by accurately following DFT, along with the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) hypothetical simulations to analyze the UV-visible absorption (λmax), light-harvesting efficiency (LHE), dipole moment (μ), fill factor (FF), open-circuit voltage (V OC), power conversion efficiency (PCE), frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), binding energy (E b), density of states (DOS), electrostatic potential (ESP), and transition density matrix (TDM) plots. Alteration of peripheral acceptors in all of the molecular structures drastically modified their charge-transfer properties, such as a strong light-harvesting capability in the range of 0.9993-0.9998, reduced exciton E b (from 0.34 to 0.39 eV), a reduced bandgap (E g) in the range of 1.66-1.99 eV, an elevated λmax (775-959 nm) along with a higher μ in the solvent phase (1.934-7.865 D) when studied in comparison with PCLR, possessing an LHE of 0.9986, an E b of 0.40, an E g 2.27 eV, λmax at 662 nm, and a μ of 0.628 D. The FMO analysis revealed the uniform dispersal of charge density entirely along the highest occupied (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied (LUMO) molecular orbitals in newly constructed moieties. Electron as well as hole mobility rates, V OC, FF, and PCE of all novel molecules (PCLM1-PCLM5) were higher as compared with those of PCLR, ultimately making them exceptional candidates for solar devices. Focusing on the outcomes, terminal acceptor modification was found to be a suitable method for the development of highly tuned OSCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnoor Qaisar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saba Zahid
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Yaser A. El-Badry
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University,
khurma, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Umar Saeed
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rana Farhat Mehmood
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Township, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Punjab
Bio-energy Institute, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Mahmood A, Irfan A, Wang JL. Machine Learning for Organic Photovoltaic Polymers: A Minireview. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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22
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Alwadai N, Elqahtani ZM, Khan SU, Pembere AMS, Badshah A, Mehboob MY, Nazar MF. Impact of halogens on electronic and photovoltaic properties of organic semiconductors: A multiscale computational modeling. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norah Alwadai
- Department of Physics College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Mufarreh Elqahtani
- Department of Physics College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah Ud‐Din Khan
- Sustainable Energy Technologies Center College of Engineering, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Anthony M. S. Pembere
- Department of Physical Sciences Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology Bondo Kenya
| | - Amir Badshah
- Department of Chemistry Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Faizan Nazar
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology University of Education Lahore Multan Campus Pakistan
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23
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Zahid S, Rasool A, Ayub AR, Ayub K, Iqbal J, Al-Buriahi MS, Alwadai N, Somaily HH. Silver cluster doped graphyne (GY) with outstanding non-linear optical properties. RSC Adv 2022; 12:5466-5482. [PMID: 35425557 PMCID: PMC8981431 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08117a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This research study addresses the computational simulations of optical and nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics of silver (Ag) cluster doped graphyne (GY) complexes. By precisely following DFT and TD-DFT hypothetical computations, in-depth characterization of GY@Agcenter, GY@Agside, GY@2Agperpendicular, GY@2Agabove, and GY@3Agcenter is accomplished using CAM-B3LYP/LANL2DZ while the CAM-B3LYP/mixed basis set is used for study of 2GY@Agcenter, 2GY@Agside, 2GY@2Agperpendicular, 2GY@2Agabove, and 2GY@3Agcenter. The effects of various graphyne surface based complexes on hyperpolarizabilities, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), density of states (DOS), absorption maximum (λ max), binding energy (E b), dipole moment (μ), electron density distribution map (EDDM), transition density matrix (TDM), electrostatic potential (ESP), vertical ionization energy (E VI) and electrical conductivity (σ) have been investigated. Infrared (IR), non-covalent interaction (NCI) analysis accompanied by isosurface are performed to study the vibrational frequencies and type of interaction. Doping strategies in all complexes impressively reformed charge transfer characteristics such as narrowing band gap (E g) in the range of 2.58-4.73 eV and enhanced λ max lying in the range of 368-536 nm as compared to pure GY with 5.78 eV E g and 265 nm λ max for (GY@Agcenter-GY@3Agcenter). In the case of (2GY@Agcenter-2GY@3Agcenter), when compared to 2GY with 5.58 eV E g and 275 nm absorption, maximum doping techniques have more effectively modified λ max in the region of 400-548 nm and E g, which is in the order of 2.55-4.62 eV. GY@3Agcenter and 2GY@3Agcenter reflected a noteworthy increment in linear polarizability α O (436.90 au) and (586 au) and the first hyperpolarizability β O (5048.77 au) and (17 270 au) because of their lowest excitation energy (ΔE) when studied in comparison with GY (α O = 281.54 and β O = 0.21 au) and 2GY surface (α O = 416 and β O = 0.06 au). Focusing on harmony between the tiny Ag clusters and graphyne surface as well as their influences on NLO properties, graphyne doping using its two-unit cells (2GY) is found to be expedient for the development of future nanoscale devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Alvina Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad-22060 Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
- Punjab Bio-energy Institute, University of Agriculture Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - M S Al-Buriahi
- Department of Physics, Sakarya University Sakarya Turkey
| | - Norah Alwadai
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - H H Somaily
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University P. O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University P. O. Box 9004 Abha Saudi Arabia
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