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Sittisaree W, Yokthongwattana K, Aonbangkhen C, Yingchutrakul Y, Krobthong S. Effect of NH4Cl supplementation on growth, photosynthesis, and triacylglycerol content in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under mixotrophic cultivation. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae233. [PMID: 39257021 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is one of the nitrogen sources for microalgal cultivation. An excessive amounts of NH4Cl are toxic for microalgae. However, combining mixotrophic conditions and excessive quantities of NH4Cl positively affects microalgal biomass and lipid production. In this study, we investigated the impact of NH4Cl on the growth, biomass, and triglyceride (TAG) content of the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii especially under mixotrophic conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS Under photoautotrophic conditions (without organic carbon supplementation), adding 25 mM NH4Cl had no significant effect on microalgal growth or TAG content. However, under mixotrophic condition (with acetate supplementation), NH4Cl interfered with microalgal growth while inducing TAG content. To explore these effects further, we conducted a two-step cultivation process and found that NH4Cl reduced microalgal growth, but induced total lipid and TAG content, especially after 4-day cultivation. The photosynthesis performances showed that NH4Cl completely inhibited oxygen evolution on day 4. However, NH4Cl slightly reduced the Fv/Fm ratio indicating that the NH4Cl supplementation directly affects microalgal photosynthesis. To investigate the TAG induction effect by NH4Cl, we compared the protein expression profiles of microalgae grown mixotrophically with and without 25 mM NH4Cl using a proteomics approach. This analysis identified 1782 proteins, with putative acetate uptake transporter GFY5 and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase being overexpressed in the NH4Cl-treated group. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that NH4Cl supplementation may stimulate acetate utilization and fatty acid synthesis pathways in microalgae cells. Our study indicated that NH4Cl supplementation can induce microalgal biomass and lipid production, particularly when combined with mixotrophic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wattanapong Sittisaree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Chanat Aonbangkhen
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry (CENP), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Sucheewin Krobthong
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry (CENP), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Wisitpongpun P, Buakaew W, Pongcharoen S, Apiratmateekul N, Potup P, Daowtak K, Krobthong S, Yingchutrakul Y, Brindley PJ, Usuwanthim K. Proteomic profiling of oleamide-mediated polarization in a primary human monocyte-derived tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) model: a functional analysis. PeerJ 2024; 12:e18090. [PMID: 39308806 PMCID: PMC11416084 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a critical function in the development of tumors and are associated with protumor M2 phenotypes. Shifting TAMs towards antitumor M1 phenotypes holds promise for tumor immunotherapy. Oleamide, a primary fatty acid amide, has emerged as a potent anticancer and immunomodulatory compound. However, the regulatory effects of oleamide on TAM phenotypes remain unclear. Methods We used real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques to study the influence of oleamide on primary human monocyte-derived TAM phenotypes, and we investigated the protein expression profiles based on mass spectrometry to analyze the effect of oleamide on macrophage polarization. Moreover, the advantageous binding scores between oleamide and these target candidate proteins are examined using molecular docking. Results Our study revealed that oleamide effectively suppressed the M2-like TAM phenotype by reducing interleukin (IL)-10 production and downregulating M2-like markers, including vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor (c-Myc), and mannose receptor C-type 1 (CD206). Moreover, the conditioned medium derived from oleamide-treated TAMs induces apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Proteomic analysis identified 20 candidate up- and down-regulation proteins targeted by oleamide, showing modulation activity associated with the promotion of the M1-like phenotype. Furthermore, molecular docking demonstrated favorable binding scores between oleamide and these candidate proteins. Collectively, our findings suggest that oleamide exerts a potent antitumor effect by promoting the antitumor M1-like TAM phenotype. These novel insights provide valuable resources for further investigations into oleamide and macrophage polarization which inhibit the progression of breast cancer, which may provide insight into immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapakorn Wisitpongpun
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit (CMIRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Mueang, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Watunyoo Buakaew
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit (CMIRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Mueang, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sutatip Pongcharoen
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Mueang, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Napaporn Apiratmateekul
- Reference Material and Medical Laboratory Innovation Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Mueang, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Pachuen Potup
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit (CMIRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Mueang, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Krai Daowtak
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit (CMIRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Mueang, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Sucheewin Krobthong
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry (CENP), Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, NSTDA, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Yodying Yingchutrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, NSTDA, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Paul J. Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, District of Columbia, WA, United States of America
| | - Kanchana Usuwanthim
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit (CMIRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Mueang, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Buakaew W, Krobthong S, Yingchutrakul Y, Khamto N, Sutana P, Potup P, Thongsri Y, Daowtak K, Ferrante A, Léon C, Usuwanthim K. In Vitro Investigation of the Anti-Fibrotic Effects of 1-Phenyl-2-Pentanol, Identified from Moringa oleifera Lam., on Hepatic Stellate Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8995. [PMID: 39201682 PMCID: PMC11354330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition, is driven by activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Due to the limited availability of anti-fibrotic drugs, the research on therapeutic agents continues. Here we have investigated Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO), known for its various bioactive properties, for anti-fibrotic effects. This study has focused on 1-phenyl-2-pentanol (1-PHE), a compound derived from MO leaves, and its effects on LX-2 human hepatic stellate cell activation. TGF-β1-stimulated LX-2 cells were treated with MO extract or 1-PHE, and the changes in liver fibrosis markers were assessed at both gene and protein levels. Proteomic analysis and molecular docking were employed to identify potential protein targets and signaling pathways affected by 1-PHE. Treatment with 1-PHE downregulated fibrosis markers, including collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), collagen type IV alpha 1 chain (COL4A1), mothers against decapentaplegic homologs 2 and 3 (SMAD2/3), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), and reduced the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Proteomic analysis data showed that 1-PHE modulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, providing a possible mechanism for its effects. Our results suggest that 1-PHE inhibits the TGF-β1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and HSC activation, indicating its potential as an anti-liver-fibrosis agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watunyoo Buakaew
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit (CMIRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Sucheewin Krobthong
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry (CENP), Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, NSTDA, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Yodying Yingchutrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, NSTDA, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Nopawit Khamto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pornsuda Sutana
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit (CMIRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Pachuen Potup
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit (CMIRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Yordhathai Thongsri
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit (CMIRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Krai Daowtak
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit (CMIRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Immunopathology, South Australia (SA) Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
- The Adelaide Medical School, The School of Biological Science and the Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Catherine Léon
- INSERM, UMR_S1255, Université de Strasbourg, Etablissement Français du Sang-GEST, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Kanchana Usuwanthim
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit (CMIRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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Yingchutrakul Y, Choowongkomon K, Krobthong S. Tandem Mass Tag-10plex (TMT-10plex) phosphoproteomics dataset for comprehensive analysis of active compounds with tyrosine kinase inhibition activity. Data Brief 2024; 55:110570. [PMID: 38952951 PMCID: PMC11214987 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds derived from natural products demonstrate a wide range of beneficial properties in cancer treatment. One popular approach to inhibiting cancer cell growth is by stimulating apoptosis. Interestingly, our research has discovered that traditional mushroom and isolated compounds from traditional herbs can induce apoptosis in A549 cells while inhibiting tyrosine kinase activities. We have identified two extracts from traditional mushrooms, Phallus indusiatus and Fomes rimosus (Berk.) Cooke, which exhibit promising abilities to activate apoptotic events in cells. Additionally, isolated compounds such as Chamuangone, Cannabigerol (CBG), Cannabidiol (CBD), and NP1-cyclic peptide have also demonstrated significant apoptotic activation capabilities. To further our understanding, we analyzed phosphoprotein changes in A549 cells exposed to these extracts and compounds, both with and without epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation. Our positive controls were two known drugs, Afatinib and Osimertinib, which are tyrosine kinase inhibitors with apoptotic stimulation abilities. In order to enrich our understanding of the kinase pathway, we conducted phosphoprotein enrichment analysis and identified altered phosphoproteins using LC-MS/MS. Across these testing conditions, we found that 1228 phosphoproteins were altered, providing valuable insights into the biochemical mechanisms underlying cell apoptosis in A549 cells through post-translational modifications of proteins. Furthermore, our findings not only shed light on the mechanisms of cell apoptosis in A549 cells but also offer promising avenues for future research and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yodying Yingchutrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, NSTDA, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Sucheewin Krobthong
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry (CENP), Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Buakaew W, Krobthong S, Yingchutrakul Y, Potup P, Thongsri Y, Daowtak K, Ferrante A, Usuwanthim K. Investigating the Antifibrotic Effects of β-Citronellol on a TGF-β1-Stimulated LX-2 Hepatic Stellate Cell Model. Biomolecules 2024; 14:800. [PMID: 39062514 PMCID: PMC11274813 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, a consequence of chronic liver damage or inflammation, is characterized by the excessive buildup of extracellular matrix components. This progressive condition significantly raises the risk of severe liver diseases like cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The lack of approved therapeutics underscores the urgent need for novel anti-fibrotic drugs. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), key players in fibrogenesis, are promising targets for drug discovery. This study investigated the anti-fibrotic potential of Citrus hystrix DC. (KL) and its bioactive compound, β-citronellol (β-CIT), in a human HSC cell line (LX-2). Cells exposed to TGF-β1 to induce fibrogenesis were co-treated with crude KL extract and β-CIT. Gene expression was analyzed by real-time qRT-PCR to assess fibrosis-associated genes (ACTA2, COL1A1, TIMP1, SMAD2). The release of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) was measured by ELISA. Proteomic analysis and molecular docking identified potential signaling proteins and modeled protein-ligand interactions. The results showed that both crude KL extract and β-CIT suppressed HSC activation genes and MMP-9 levels. The MAPK signaling pathway emerged as a potential target of β-CIT. This study demonstrates the ability of KL extract and β-CIT to inhibit HSC activation during TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis, suggesting a promising role of β-CIT in anti-hepatic fibrosis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watunyoo Buakaew
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand;
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit (CMIRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; (P.P.); (Y.T.); (K.D.)
| | - Sucheewin Krobthong
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry (CENP), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Yodying Yingchutrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Pachuen Potup
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit (CMIRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; (P.P.); (Y.T.); (K.D.)
| | - Yordhathai Thongsri
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit (CMIRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; (P.P.); (Y.T.); (K.D.)
| | - Krai Daowtak
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit (CMIRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; (P.P.); (Y.T.); (K.D.)
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Immunopathology, South Australia (SA) Pathology, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia;
- The Adelaide Medical School, The School of Biological Science and the Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Kanchana Usuwanthim
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit (CMIRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; (P.P.); (Y.T.); (K.D.)
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Wannasrichan W, Krobthong S, Morgan CJ, Armbruster EG, Gerovac M, Yingchutrakul Y, Wongtrakoongate P, Vogel J, Aonbangkhen C, Nonejuie P, Pogliano J, Chaikeeratisak V. A phage nucleus-associated protein from the jumbophage Churi inhibits bacterial growth through protein translation interference. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.15.599175. [PMID: 38915640 PMCID: PMC11195228 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.15.599175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Antibacterial proteins inhibiting Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been identified in various phages and explored as antibiotic alternatives. Here, we isolated a phiKZ-like phage, Churi, which encodes 364 open reading frames. We examined 15 early-expressed phage proteins for their ability to inhibit bacterial growth, and found that gp335, closely related to phiKZ-gp14, exhibits antibacterial activity. Similar to phiKZ-gp14, recently shown to form a complex with the P. aeruginosa ribosome, we predict experimentally that gp335 interacts with ribosomal proteins, suggesting its involvement in protein translation. GFP-tagged gp335 clusters around the phage nucleus as early as 15 minutes post-infection and remains associated with it throughout the infection, suggesting its role in protein expression in the cell cytoplasm. CRISPR-Cas13-mediated deletion of gp355 reveals that the mutant phage has a prolonged latent period. Altogether, we demonstrate that gp335 is an antibacterial protein of nucleus-forming phages that associates with the ribosomes at the phage nucleus.
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Kumsab J, Yingchutrakul Y, Simanon N, Jankam C, Sonthirod C, Tangphatsornruang S, Butkinaree C. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Ridge Gourd Seed ( Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.) during Artificial Aging. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:24739-24750. [PMID: 38882140 PMCID: PMC11171090 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Seed aging is a complicated process influenced by environmental conditions, impacting biochemical processes in seeds and causing deterioration that results in reduced viability and vigor. In this study, we investigated the seed aging process of ridge gourd, which is one of the most exported commercial seeds in Thailand using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry. A total of 855 proteins were identified among the two groups (0 d/15 d and 0 d/30 d). The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses of differentially expressed proteins revealed that in ridge gourd seeds, the aging process altered the abundance of proteins related to the oxidative stress response, nutrient reservoir, and metabolism pathway. The most identified DEPs were mitochondrial proteins, ubiquitin-proteasome system proteins, ribosomal proteins, carbohydrate metabolism-related proteins, and stress response-related proteins. This study also presented the involvement of aconitase and glutathione pathway-associated enzymes in seed aging, with aconitase and total glutathione being determined as possible suggestive biomarkers for aged ridge gourd seeds. This acquired knowledge has the potential to considerably improve growing methods and seed preservation techniques, enhancing seed storage and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakkaphan Kumsab
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Yodying Yingchutrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Nattapon Simanon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chonchawan Jankam
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chutima Sonthirod
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chutikarn Butkinaree
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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Wang RJ, Li W, Liu SN, Wang SY, Jiang P, Wang ZQ, Zhang X. Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of plerocercoid and adult Spirometra mansoni reveal potential important pathways in the development of the medical tapeworm. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:316. [PMID: 37670335 PMCID: PMC10481575 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spirometra mansoni can parasitize animals and humans through food and water, causing parasitic zoonosis. Knowledge of the developmental process of S. mansoni is crucial for effective treatment; thus, it is important to characterize differential and specific proteins and pathways associated with parasite development. METHODS In this study, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of the plerocercoid and adult stages using a tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic approach. Additionally, integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were conducted to obtain the full protein expression profiles of different life cycle stages of the tapeworm. RESULTS Approximately 1166 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in adults versus plerocercoids, of which 641 DEPs were upregulated and 525 were downregulated. Gene Ontology (GO), Clusters of Orthologous groups (COG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that most DEPs related to genetic information processing and metabolism of energy in adults seem to be more activated. In the plerocercoid stage, compared to metabolism, genetic information processing appears more dynamic. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) revealed six key proteins (phosphomannomutase, glutathione transferase, malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic, 40S ribosomal protein S15, ribosomal protein L15 and 60S acidic ribosomal protein P2) that may play active roles in the growth and development of S. mansoni. Finally, the combination of transcriptomic and proteomic data suggested that three pathways (ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, phagosome and spliceosome) and five proteins closely related to these pathways might have a significant influence in S. mansoni. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to increasing the knowledge on the protein expression profiles of S. mansoni and provide new insights into functional studies on the molecular mechanisms of the neglected medical tapeworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jie Wang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shi Nan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Si Yao Wang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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Siriwaseree J, Yingchutrakul Y, Samutrtai P, Aonbangkhen C, Srathong P, Krobthong S, Choowongkomon K. Exploring the Apoptotic-Induced Biochemical Mechanism of Traditional Thai Herb (Kerra™) Extract in HCT116 Cells Using a Label-Free Proteomics Approach. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1376. [PMID: 37629666 PMCID: PMC10456832 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Natural products have proven to be a valuable source for the discovery of new candidate drugs for cancer treatment. This study aims to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of "Kerra™", a natural extract derived from a mixture of nine medicinal plants mentioned in the ancient Thai scripture named the Takxila Scripture, on HCT116 cells. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of the Kerra™ extract on cancer cells was assessed through cell viability assays. Apoptotic activity was evaluated by examining the apoptosis characteristic features. A proteomics analysis was conducted to identify proteins and pathways associated with the extract's mechanism of action. The expression levels of apoptotic protein markers were measured to validate the extract's efficacy. Results: The Kerra™ extract demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the cells, with higher concentrations leading to decreased cell viability. Treatment with the extract for 72 h induced characteristic features of early and late apoptosis, as well as cell death. An LC-MS/MS analysis identified a total of 3406 proteins. The pathway analysis revealed that the Kerra™ extract stimulated apoptosis and cell death in colorectal cancer cell lines and suppressed cell proliferation in adenocarcinoma cell lines through the EIF2 signaling pathway. Upstream regulatory proteins, including cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) and MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor (MYC), were identified. The expressions of caspase-8 and caspase-9 were significantly elevated by the Kerra™ extract compared to the chemotherapy drug Doxorubicin (Dox). Conclusions: These findings provide strong evidence for the ability of the Kerra™ extract to induce apoptosis in HCT116 colon cancer cells. The extract's efficacy was demonstrated by its dose-dependent inhibitory effect, induction of apoptotic activity, and modulation of key proteins involved in cell death and proliferation pathways. This study highlights the potential of Kerra™ as a promising therapeutic agent in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeraprapa Siriwaseree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Yodying Yingchutrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, NSTDA, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Pawitrabhorn Samutrtai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Chanat Aonbangkhen
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry (CENP), Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Pussadee Srathong
- Faculty of Nursing, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand;
| | - Sucheewin Krobthong
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry (CENP), Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Omics Approaches in Drug Development against Leishmaniasis: Current Scenario and Future Prospects. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010039. [PMID: 36678387 PMCID: PMC9866966 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease transmitted in humans by the bite of Leishmania-infected phlebotomine sandflies. Each year approximately 58,500 cases of leishmaniasis are diagnosed across the globe, with a mortality rate of nearly seven percent. There are over 20 parasitic strains of Leishmania which are known to cause distinct types of leishmaniasis and pose an endemic threat to humans worldwide. Therefore, it is crucial to develop potential medications and vaccines to combat leishmaniasis. However, the task of developing therapeutic solutions is challenging due to Leishmania's digenetic lifecycle. The challenge is further intensified by cases of resistance against the available drugs. Owing to these challenges, the conventional drug development regimen is further limited by target discovery and ligand suitability for the targets. On the other hand, as an added advantage, the emergence of omics-based tools, such as high-end proteomics, transcriptomics and genomics, has hastened the pace of target discovery and target-based drug development. It is now becoming apparent that multi-omics convergence and an inter-connected systems approach is less time-consuming and more cost-effective for any drug-development process. This comprehensive review is an attempt to summarize the current knowledge on the muti-omics approach in drug development against leishmaniasis. In particular, it elaborates the potential target identification from secreted proteins in various stages of Leishmania infection and also illustrates the convergence of transcriptomic and genomic data towards the collective goal of drug discovery. This review also provides an understanding of the potential parasite's drug targets and drug resistance characteristics of the parasite, which can be used in designing effective and specific therapeutics.
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Anuntasomboon P, Siripattanapipong S, Unajak S, Choowongkomon K, Burchmore R, Leelayoova S, Mungthin M, E-kobon T. Identification of a conserved maxicircle and unique minicircles as part of the mitochondrial genome of Leishmania martiniquensis strain PCM3 in Thailand. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:459. [PMID: 36510327 PMCID: PMC9743726 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomatids, including Leishmania, is known as kinetoplast DNAs (kDNAs). The kDNAs form networks of hundreds of DNA circles that are evidently interlocked and require complex RNA editing. Previous studies showed that kDNA played a role in drug resistance, adaptation, and survival of Leishmania. Leishmania martiniquensis is one of the most frequently observed species in Thailand, and its kDNAs have not been illustrated. METHODS This study aimed to extract the kDNA sequences from Illumina short-read and PacBio long-read whole-genome sequence data of L. martiniquensis strain PCM3 priorly isolated from the southern province of Thailand. A circular maxicircle DNA was reconstructed by de novo assembly using the SPAdes program, while the minicircle sequences were retrieved and assembled by the rKOMIC tool. The kDNA contigs were confirmed by blasting to the NCBI database, followed by comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS We successfully constructed the complete circular sequence of the maxicircle (19,008 bp) and 214 classes of the minicircles from L. martiniquensis strain PCM3. The genome comparison and annotation showed that the maxicircle structure of L. martiniquensis strain PCM3 was similar to those of L. enriettii strain LEM3045 (84.29%), L. arabica strain LEM1108 (82.79%), and L. tarentolae (79.2%). Phylogenetic analysis also showed unique evolution of the minicircles of L. martiniquensis strain PCM3 from other examined Leishmania species. CONCLUSIONS This was the first report of the complete maxicircle and 214 minicircles of L. martiniquensis strain PCM3 using integrated whole-genome sequencing data. The information will be helpful for further improvement of diagnosis methods and monitoring genetic diversity changes of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornchai Anuntasomboon
- grid.9723.f0000 0001 0944 049XDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand ,grid.9723.f0000 0001 0944 049XOmics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food, and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suradej Siripattanapipong
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sasimanas Unajak
- grid.9723.f0000 0001 0944 049XDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- grid.9723.f0000 0001 0944 049XDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Richard Burchmore
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XGlasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Saovanee Leelayoova
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mathirut Mungthin
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Teerasak E-kobon
- grid.9723.f0000 0001 0944 049XDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand ,grid.9723.f0000 0001 0944 049XOmics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food, and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, Thailand
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Prasopdee S, Yingchutrakul Y, Krobthong S, Pholhelm M, Wongtrakoongate P, Butthongkomvong K, Kulsantiwong J, Phanaksri T, Kunjantarachot A, Sathavornmanee T, Tesana S, Thitapakorn V. Differential plasma proteomes of the patients with Opisthorchiasis viverrini and cholangiocarcinoma identify a polymeric immunoglobulin receptor as a potential biomarker. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10965. [PMID: 36247154 PMCID: PMC9562451 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In Southeast Asian countries, nitrosamine compounds and the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini have long been identified as carcinogens for cholangiocarcinoma (CHCA). In order to effectively treat O. viverrini infections and prevent the development of CHCA, methods for disease detection are needed. This study aims to identify biomarkers for O. viverrini infection and CHCA. In the discovery phase, technical triplicates of five pooled plasma pools (10 plasma each) of healthy control subjects (noOVCCA), O. viverrini subjects (OV), and cholangiocarcinoma subjects (CCA), underwent solution-based digestion, with the label-free method, using a Thermo Scientific™ Q Exactive™ HF hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer and UltiMate 300 LC systems. The noOVCCA, OV, and CCA groups demonstrated different profiles and were clustered, as illustrated by PCA and heat map analysis. The STRING and reactome analysis showed that both OV and CCA groups up-regulated proteins targeting immune system-related proteins. Differential proteomic profiles, S100A9, and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) were specifically expressed in the CCA group. During the validation phase, another 50 plasma samples were validated via the PIGR sandwich ELISA. Using PIGR >1.559 ng/ml as a cut-off point, 78.00% sensitivity, 71.00% specificity, and AUC = 0.8216, were obtained. It is sufficient to differentially diagnose cholangiocarcinoma patients from healthy patients and those with Opisthorchiasis viverrini. Hence, in this study, PIGR was identified and validated as a potential biomarker for CHCA. Plasma PIGR is suggested for screening CHCA, especially in an endemic region of O. viverrini infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattrachai Prasopdee
- Thammasat Research Unit in Opisthorchiasis, Cholangiocarcinoma, and Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Yodying Yingchutrakul
- Proteomics Research Team, National Omics Center, NSTDA, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sucheewin Krobthong
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Montinee Pholhelm
- Thammasat Research Unit in Opisthorchiasis, Cholangiocarcinoma, and Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Patompon Wongtrakoongate
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kritiya Butthongkomvong
- Medical Oncology Unit, Udonthani Cancer Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Udon Thani 41330, Thailand
| | | | - Teva Phanaksri
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Anthicha Kunjantarachot
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | | | - Smarn Tesana
- Thammasat Research Unit in Opisthorchiasis, Cholangiocarcinoma, and Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Veerachai Thitapakorn
- Thammasat Research Unit in Opisthorchiasis, Cholangiocarcinoma, and Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Corresponding author.
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