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Barhum H, McDonnell C, Peltek O, Jain R, Amer M, Kain D, Elad-Sfadia G, Athamna M, Blinder P, Ginzburg P. In-Brain Multiphoton Imaging of Vaterite Cargoes Loaded with Carbon Dots. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:8232-8239. [PMID: 38781101 PMCID: PMC11247546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Biocompatible fluorescent agents are key contributors to the theranostic paradigm by enabling real-time in vivo imaging. This study explores the optical properties of phenylenediamine carbon dots (CDs) and demonstrates their potential for fluorescence imaging in cells and brain blood vessels. The nonlinear absorption cross-section of the CDs was measured and achieved values near 50 Goeppert-Mayer (GM) units with efficient excitation in the 775-895 nm spectral range. Mesoporous vaterite nanoparticles were loaded with CDs to examine the possibility of a biocompatible imaging platform. Efficient one- and two-photon imaging of the CD-vaterite composites uptaken by diverse cells was demonstrated. For an in vivo scenario, CD-vaterite composites were injected into the bloodstream of a mouse, and their flow was monitored within the blood vessels of the brain through a cranial window. These results show the potential of the platform for high-brightness biocompatible imaging with the potential for both sensing and simultaneous drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Barhum
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Triangle Regional Research and Development Center, Kfar Qara 3007500, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Cormac McDonnell
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Oleksii Peltek
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Rudhvi Jain
- Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, Wise Life Science Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Mariam Amer
- Triangle Regional Research and Development Center, Kfar Qara 3007500, Israel
| | - David Kain
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Galit Elad-Sfadia
- Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, Wise Life Science Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Muhammad Athamna
- Triangle Regional Research and Development Center, Kfar Qara 3007500, Israel
- Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, Wise Life Science Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Pablo Blinder
- Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, Wise Life Science Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Pavel Ginzburg
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Fu Q, Lu K, Sun S, Dong Z. Recent advances in fluorescence and afterglow of CDs in matrices. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:1072-1098. [PMID: 38655703 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00093e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are novel nanomaterials with dimensions less than 10 nm that have attracted much attention due to their outstanding optical properties. However, the development of solid-state fluorescence and afterglow methods has been relatively slow, although the properties of these materials under liquid conditions have been extensively studied. In recent years, embedding CDs in a matrix has been shown to prevent aggregation quenching and inhibit nonradiative transitions, thus realizing solid-state fluorescence and afterglow, which has greatly broadened the research and application areas of CDs. In terms of hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, covalent bonding and spatial confinement, the interactions between CDs and matrices can effectively realize and improve the solid-state fluorescence and afterglow effects of CDs. Recent applications of CDs in matrices in optoelectronics, information security, sensing, biotherapeutics and imaging are also summarized. Finally, we summarize the challenges and developments of CDs in matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- College of Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, Shandong, 276826, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kangzhi Lu
- College of Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, Shandong, 276826, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shouhong Sun
- College of Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, Shandong, 276826, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhanhua Dong
- College of Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, Shandong, 276826, People's Republic of China.
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Shaik MAS, Samanta D, Sharma AK, Shaw M, Prodhan S, Basu R, Mondal I, Singh S, Dutta PK, Pathak A. White light emission from helically stacked humin-mimic based H-aggregates in heteroatom free carbon dots. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:19238-19254. [PMID: 37990573 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04802k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
White light emission (WLE), particularly from heteroatom free carbon dots (CDs), is unusual. Besides, deciphering the origin of WLE from a H-aggregated molecular fluorophore in such kinds of CDs is a challenging task due to their non-fluorescent character resulting from a forbidden transition from a lower-energy excitonic state. Therefore, rigorous investigation on their elusive excited state photophysical properties along with their steady-state optical phenomena has to be carried out to shed light on the nature of distinct emissive states formed in the CDs. Herein, for the first time, we report WLE from imperfect H-aggregates of co-facially π-π stacked humin-like structures comprising furfural monomer units as a unique molecular fluorophore in CDs, as revealed from combined spectroscopic and microscopic studies, synthesized through hydrothermal treatment of the single precursor, dextrose. H-aggregates in CDs show a broad range of excitation-dependent emission spectra with color coordinates close to pure white light, i.e., CIE (0.35, 0.37) and a color temperature of 6000 K. Imperfect orientation between the transition dipole moments of adjacent monomer units in the H-aggregate's molecular arrangement is expected to cause ground state symmetry breaking, as confirmed by Circular Dichroism (CD) studies, which established helically stacked nature in molecular aggregates and produced significant oscillatory strength at lower energy excitonic states to enable fluorescence. TRES and TAS investigations have been performed to minimise the intricacies associated with excited state photophysics, which is regarded as an essential step in gaining a grasp on emissive states. Based on the observation of two isoemissive spots in the time-resolved area normalized emission spectra (TRANES), the existence of three oligomeric species in the excited state equilibrium of the pure/hybrid H-aggregates has been established. The exciton dynamics through electron relaxation from the higher to the lower excitonic states, charge transfer (CT) states, and surface trap mediated emission in excimer states of H-aggregates have also been endorsed as three distinct emissive states from femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) studies corroborating with their steady-state absorption and emission behavior. The results would demonstrate the usage of CDs as a cutting-edge fluorescent material for creating aggregate-induced white light emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdus Salam Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Dipanjan Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Ankit Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Manisha Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Sayan Prodhan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Rajarshi Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Imran Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Shailab Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Dutta
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Amita Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
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Xu W, Han Q, Ji C, Zeng F, Zhang X, Deng J, Shi C, Peng Z. Solid-State, Hectogram-Scale Preparation of Red Carbon Dots as Phosphor for Energy-Transfer-Induced High-Quality White LEDs with CRI of 97. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304123. [PMID: 37649215 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, pre-crystallization-controlled, solid-state preparation of red carbon dots (C-dots) from o-phenylenediamine on a hectogram scale with a 94% yield is reported. Highly efficient red phosphor (C-dots@MCC) is obtained by dispersing the C-dots in microcrystalline cellulose, which matched extremely well with the commercial Y3 Al5 O12 :Ce3+ (YAG) phosphor. White light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) fabricated from the two phosphors emitted warm white light with a correlated color temperature of 3845 K, CIE color coordinates of (0.38, 0.37), and an extremely high color rendering index (CRI) of 95, outperforming all the reported YAG-derived WLEDs. Furthermore, the CRI value of the WLED can be further increased to 97 after fine-tuning, which is the highest CRI for WLEDs of any C-dots derived devices reported so far. The superior performance of the WLED is attributed to a delicate energy transfer between YAG and C-dots@MCC. Most importantly, the WLED maintained excellent stabilities under varied currents, working durations, moistures, and temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
- Electron Microscopy Center, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Qiurui Han
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Chunyu Ji
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Fanhao Zeng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Xingshou Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Jiwen Deng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Changsheng Shi
- Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Optoelectronics Device Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Zhili Peng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
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Mandal T, Mishra SR, Singh V. Comprehensive advances in the synthesis, fluorescence mechanism and multifunctional applications of red-emitting carbon nanomaterials. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:5717-5765. [PMID: 37881704 PMCID: PMC10597556 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00447c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Red emitting fluorescent carbon nanomaterials have drawn significant scientific interest in recent years due to their high quantum yield, water-dispersibility, photostability, biocompatibility, ease of surface functionalization, low cost and eco-friendliness. The red emissive characteristics of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials generally depend on the carbon source, reaction time, synthetic approach/methodology, surface functional groups, average size, and other reaction environments, which directly or indirectly help to achieve red emission. The importance of several factors to achieve red fluorescent carbon nanomaterials is highlighted in this review. Numerous plausible theories have been explained in detail to understand the origin of red fluorescence and tunable emission in these carbon-based nanostructures. The above advantages and fluorescence in the red region make them a potential candidate for multifunctional applications in various current fields. Therefore, this review focused on the recent advances in the synthesis approach, mechanism of fluorescence, and electronic and optical properties of red-emitting fluorescent carbon nanomaterials. This review also explains the several innovative applications of red-emitting fluorescent carbon nanomaterials such as biomedicine, light-emitting devices, sensing, photocatalysis, energy, anticounterfeiting, fluorescent silk, artificial photosynthesis, etc. It is hoped that by choosing appropriate methods, the present review can inspire and guide future research on the design of red emissive fluorescent carbon nanomaterials for potential advancements in multifunctional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Mandal
- Environment Emission and CRM Section, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research Dhanbad Jharkhand 828108 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201 002 India
| | - Shiv Rag Mishra
- Environment Emission and CRM Section, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research Dhanbad Jharkhand 828108 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201 002 India
| | - Vikram Singh
- Environment Emission and CRM Section, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research Dhanbad Jharkhand 828108 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201 002 India
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Mao X, Liu KK, Cao Q, Song SY, Liang YC, Hu YW, Chang SL, Liao J, Shan CX. Paper-Fiber-Activated Triplet Excitons of Carbon Nanodots for Time-Resolved Anti-counterfeiting Signature with Artificial Intelligence Authentication. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20302-20309. [PMID: 37042513 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The easy-to-imitate character of a personal signature may cause significant economy loss due to the lack of speed and strength information. In this work, we report a time-resolved anti-counterfeiting signature strategy with artificial intelligence (AI) authentication based on the designed luminescent carbon nanodot (CND) ink, whose triplet excitons can be activated by the bonding between the paper fibers and the CNDs. Paper fibers can bond with the CNDs through multiple hydrogen bonds, and the activated triplet excitons release photons for about 13 s; thus, the speed and strength of the signature are recorded through recording the changes in luminescence intensity over time. The background noise from commercial paper fluorescence is completely suppressed, benefiting from the long phosphorescence lifetime of the CNDs. In addition, a reliable AI authentication method with quick response based on a convolutional neural network is developed, and 100% identification accuracy of the signature based on the CND ink is achieved, which is higher than that of the signature with commercial ink (78%). This strategy can also be expanded for painting, calligraphy identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kai-Kai Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qing Cao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shi-Yu Song
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ya-Chuan Liang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yan-Wei Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shu-Long Chang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Juan Liao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chong-Xin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Water Soluble PMPC-Derived Bright Fluorescent Nitrogen/Phosphorous-Doped Carbon Dots for Fluorescent Ink (Anti-Counterfeiting) and Cellular Multicolor Imaging. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061352. [PMID: 36987134 PMCID: PMC10058053 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, a simple one-step hydrothermal-assisted carbonization process was adopted for the preparation of nitrogen/phosphorous-doped carbon dots from a water-soluble polymer, poly 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine (PMPC). By the free-radical polymerization method, PMPC was synthesized using 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and 4,4′-azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid). The water-soluble polymers, PMPC, that have nitrogen/phosphorus moieties are used to prepare carbon dots (P-CDs). The resulting P-CDs were thoroughly characterized by various analytical techniques such as field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), high-resolution transmittance electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy to determine their structural and optical properties. The synthesized P-CDs displayed bright/durable fluorescence, were stable for long periods, and confirmed the enrichment of functionalities including oxygen, phosphorus, and nitrogen heteroatoms in the carbon matrix. Since the synthesized P-CDs showed bright fluorescence with excellent photostability, excitation-dependent fluorescence emission, and excellent quantum yield (23%), it has been explored as a fluorescent (security) ink for drawing and writing (anti-counterfeiting). Further, cytotoxicity study results advised for biocompatibility and thus were used for cellular multicolor imaging in nematodes. This work not only demonstrated the preparation of CDs from polymers that can be used as advanced fluorescence ink, a bioimaging agent for anti-counterfeiting, and cellular multicolor imaging candidate, but additionally prominently opened a new perspective on the bulk preparation of CDs simply and efficiently for various applications.
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Guo X, Jia H, Zhang H, Xu J, Zhao X. Concentration-dependent and pH response carbon dots and application in latent fingerprints recognition. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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