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Li YC, Lee SY, Wang H, Jin FL, Park SJ. Enhanced Electrical Properties and Impact Strength of Phenolic Formaldehyde Resin Using Silanized Graphene and Ionic Liquid. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:294-303. [PMID: 38222635 PMCID: PMC10785615 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
In this study, to improve the electrical properties and impact strength of phenolic formaldehyde (PF) resin, PF-based composites were prepared by mixing graphene and the ionic liquid 3-decyl-bis(1-vinyl-1H-imidazole-3-ium-bromide) (C10[VImBr]2) via hot blending and compression-curing processes. The graphene surface was modified using a silane coupling agent. The synergistic effect of graphene and C10[VImBr]2 on the electrical properties, electromagnetic shielding efficiency, thermal stability, impact strength, and morphology of PF/graphene and PF/graphene/C10[VImBr]2 composites was then investigated. It was found that the electrical conductivity of the composites significantly increased from 2.3 × 10-10 to 4.14 × 10-3 S/m with an increase in the graphene content from 0 to 15 wt %, increasing further to 0.145 S/m with the addition of 5 wt % C10[VImBr]2. The electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the composite increased from 4.70 to 28.64 dB with the addition of 15 wt % graphene, while the impact strength of the composites rose significantly from 0.59 to 1.13 kJ/m2 with an increase in the graphene content from 0 to 15 wt %, reaching 1.53 kJ/m2 with the addition of 5 wt % C10[VImBr]2. Scanning electron microscopy images of the PF/GNP/C10[VImBr]2 composites revealed a rough morphology with numerous microcracks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chun Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City 132022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Seul-Yi Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Inha University, Inharo 100, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute
of Petrochemical Technology, Jilin Institute
of Chemical Technology, Jilin City 132022, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Fan-Long Jin
- Department
of Polymer Materials, Jilin Institute of
Chemical Technology, Jilin City 132022, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- Department
of Chemistry, Inha University, Inharo 100, Incheon 22212, South Korea
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Yang X, Zhi M, Li Y, Xin H, Fan R, Chen X, Liu Q, He Y. Improved flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of phenolic resin by incorporating MoO 3 particles. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083231153336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic resin (PF) is widely used in aerospace, composite materials, and other fields. However, large amount of heat and smoke are produced during its combustion process, which is an important factor limiting its usage. To solve this problem, additive flame retardant MoO3 has been incorporated into PF for improving its flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties. Thermogravimetric analyses results show that the T5% of PF composites was gradually decreased from 264°C to 184°C and the char yield of PF-10% MoO3 is 57 wt.%, higher than that of neat PF (50 wt.%). The PF composites with 10 wt.% MoO3 passed UL-94 V-0 rating with a limiting oxygen index value of 29.8%. Meanwhile, the total heat release and total smoke production of PF-10% MoO3 are 37.60 MJ/m2 and 5.79 m2 respectively, which are reduced by 30.5% and 24.8% compared with neat PF. Only 10 wt.% MoO3 provide a 56.5% reduction (from 255 to 111) in maximal smoke density, meaning the good smoke suppression properties of MoO3. The pyrolysis products components are determined by thermogravimetric analysis combined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the micromorphology and chemical structure of char residue are also investigated by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The promoting carbonization effect of MoO3 significantly reduces the heat release and toxic smoke production of PF composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Yang
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
| | - Maoyong Zhi
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Guanghan, China
| | - Yuchuan Li
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
| | - Hui Xin
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
| | - Rong Fan
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
| | - Xiantao Chen
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Guanghan, China
| | - Quanyi Liu
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Guanghan, China
| | - Yuanhua He
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Guanghan, China
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