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Wu Y, Zhao Y, Guan Z, Esmaeili S, Xiao Z, Kuriakose D. JNK3 inhibitors as promising pharmaceuticals with neuroprotective properties. Cell Adh Migr 2024; 18:1-11. [PMID: 38357988 PMCID: PMC10878020 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2024.2316576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The intensive study and investigation of neuroprotective therapy for central nervous system (CNS) diseases is ongoing. Due to shared mechanisms of neurodegeneration, a neuroprotective approach might offer benefits across multiple neurological disorders, despite variations in symptoms or injuries. C-Jun N-terminal Kinase 3 (JNK3) is found primarily in the CNS and is involved in physiological processes such as brain development, synapse formation, and memory formation. The potential of JNK3 as a target for pharmacological development holds promise for advancing neuroprotective therapies. Developing small molecule JNK3 inhibitors into drugs with neuroprotective qualities could facilitate neuronal restoration and self-repair. This review focuses on elucidating key neuroprotective mechanisms, exploring the interplay between neurodegenerative diseases and neuroprotection, and discussing advancements in JNK3 inhibitor drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibeini Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Yiling Zhao
- Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Ziman Guan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Sajjad Esmaeili
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Zhicheng Xiao
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
- Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Diji Kuriakose
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
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2
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Mousavi H, Rimaz M, Zeynizadeh B. Practical Three-Component Regioselective Synthesis of Drug-Like 3-Aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[ h]cinnolines as Potential Non-Covalent Multi-Targeting Inhibitors To Combat Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1828-1881. [PMID: 38647433 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are one of the prominent health challenges facing contemporary society, and many efforts have been made to overcome and (or) control it. In this research paper, we described a practical one-pot two-step three-component reaction between 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one (1), aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates (2a-h), and hydrazine monohydrate (NH2NH2•H2O) for the regioselective preparation of some 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnoline derivatives (3a-h). After synthesis and characterization of the mentioned cinnolines (3a-h), the in silico multi-targeting inhibitory properties of these heterocyclic scaffolds have been investigated upon various Homo sapiens-type enzymes, including hMAO-A, hMAO-B, hAChE, hBChE, hBACE-1, hBACE-2, hNQO-1, hNQO-2, hnNOS, hiNOS, hPARP-1, hPARP-2, hLRRK-2(G2019S), hGSK-3β, hp38α MAPK, hJNK-3, hOGA, hNMDA receptor, hnSMase-2, hIDO-1, hCOMT, hLIMK-1, hLIMK-2, hRIPK-1, hUCH-L1, hPARK-7, and hDHODH, which have confirmed their functions and roles in the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), based on molecular docking studies, and the obtained results were compared with a wide range of approved drugs and well-known (with IC50, EC50, etc.) compounds. In addition, in silico ADMET prediction analysis was performed to examine the prospective drug properties of the synthesized heterocyclic compounds (3a-h). The obtained results from the molecular docking studies and ADMET-related data demonstrated that these series of 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnolines (3a-h), especially hit ones, can really be turned into the potent core of new drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and/or due to the having some reactionable locations, they are able to have further organic reactions (such as cross-coupling reactions), and expansion of these compounds (for example, with using other types of aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates) makes a new avenue for designing novel and efficient drugs for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rimaz
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran 19395-3697, Iran
| | - Behzad Zeynizadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
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Pavel FBA, Palmer GE, Hevener KE. Biophysical library screening using a Thermo-FMN assay to identify and characterize Clostridioides difficile FabK inhibitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 705:149740. [PMID: 38458032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile, a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, is one of the most frequent causes of nosocomial infections. C. difficile infection (CDI) results in almost a half a million infections and approximately 30,000 deaths in the U.S. each year. Broad-spectrum antibacterial use is a strong risk factor for development of recurring CDI. There is a critical need for narrow-spectrum antibacterials with activity limited to C. difficile. The C. difficile enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase II enzyme (CdFabK), an essential and rate-limiting enzyme in the organism's fatty acid biosynthesis pathway (FAS-2), is an attractive target for narrow-spectrum CDI therapeutics as it is not present in many of the non-pathogenic gut organisms. We have previously characterized inhibitors of the CdFabK enzyme with narrow-spectrum anti-difficile activity and favorable in vivo efficacy, ADME, and low dysbiosis. To expand our knowledge of the structural requirements for CdFabK inhibition, we seek to identify new inhibitors with novel chemical scaffolds. Herein we present the optimization of a thermo-FMN biophysical assay based on the principles of differential scanning fluorimetry, or thermal shift, which leverages the fluorescence signal of the FabK enzyme's FMN prosthetic group. The optimized assay was validated by pilot testing a 10K diversity-based chemical library and novel scaffold hit compounds were identified and biochemically characterized. Additionally, we show that the thermo-FMN assay can be used to determine the thermodynamic dissociation constant, Kd, of CdFabK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Bin Aziz Pavel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Glen E Palmer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kirk E Hevener
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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4
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Kumar V, Chunchagatta Lakshman PK, Prasad TK, Manjunath K, Bairy S, Vasu AS, Ganavi B, Jasti S, Kamariah N. Target-based drug discovery: Applications of fluorescence techniques in high throughput and fragment-based screening. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23864. [PMID: 38226204 PMCID: PMC10788520 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Target-based discovery of first-in-class therapeutics demands an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying human diseases. Precise measurements of cellular and biochemical activities are critical to gain mechanistic knowledge of biomolecules and their altered function in disease conditions. Such measurements enable the development of intervention strategies for preventing or treating diseases by modulation of desired molecular processes. Fluorescence-based techniques are routinely employed for accurate and robust measurements of in-vitro activity of molecular targets and for discovering novel chemical molecules that modulate the activity of molecular targets. In the current review, the authors focus on the applications of fluorescence-based high throughput screening (HTS) and fragment-based ligand discovery (FBLD) techniques such as fluorescence polarization (FP), Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence thermal shift assay (FTSA) and microscale thermophoresis (MST) for the discovery of chemical probe to exploring target's role in disease biology and ultimately, serve as a foundation for drug discovery. Some recent advancements in these techniques for compound library screening against important classes of drug targets, such as G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and GTPases, as well as phosphorylation- and acetylation-mediated protein-protein interactions, are discussed. Overall, this review presents a landscape of how these techniques paved the way for the discovery of small-molecule modulators and biologics against these targets for therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thazhe Kootteri Prasad
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Kavyashree Manjunath
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Sneha Bairy
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Akshaya S. Vasu
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - B. Ganavi
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Subbarao Jasti
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Neelagandan Kamariah
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
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Quinn RJ, Mak T, Littler DR, Rossjohn J, Liu M. Discovery of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nsp9 Binders from Natural Products by a Native Mass Spectrometry Approach. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:2630-2637. [PMID: 37993134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The search for effective antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 remains a critical global endeavor. In this study, we focused on the viral nucleocapsid protein Nsp9, which is a key player in viral RNA replication and an attractive drug target. Employing a two-pronged approach, an in-house natural product library was screened using native mass spectrometry to identify compounds capable of binding to Nsp9. From the initial screening, apart from the previously reported hit oridonin (protein binding ratio of 0.56 in the initial screening, Kd = 7.2 ± 1.0 μM), we have identified a second Nsp9-interacting compound, the diterpenoid ryanodine, with a protein binding ratio of 0.3 and a Kd of 48.05 ± 5.03 μM. To gain deeper insights into the binding interactions and to explore potential structural requirements, the collision-induced affinity selection mass spectrometry (CIAS-MS) approach allowed us to identify six known oridonin analogues produced by the plant Rabdosia rubescens, each with varying affinities to Nsp9. Native MS validation of their individual binding activities to Nsp9 revealed that all analogues exhibited reduced affinity compared to oridonin. Structural-activity relationship analysis highlighted key functional groups, including 1-OH, 6-OH, 7-OH, and the enone moiety, which are crucial for Nsp9 binding. Combined data from our native mass spectrometry and CIAS-MS approaches provide valuable insights into the molecular interactions between Nsp9 and these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Quinn
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Tin Mak
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Dene R Littler
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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Li Q, Qi S, Liang J, Tian Y, He S, Liao Q, Xing S, Han L, Chen X. Review of triazole scaffolds for treatment and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110623. [PMID: 37451665 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Triazole scaffolds, a series of 5-membered heterocycles, are well known for their high efficacy, low toxicity, and superior pharmacokinetics. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the first neurodegenerative disorder with complex pathological mechanisms. Triazole, as an aromatic group with three nitrogen atoms, forms polar and non-polar interactions with diverse key residues in the receptor-ligand binding procedure, and has been widely used in the molecular design in the development of anti-AD agents. Moreover, considering the simple synthesis approaches, triazole scaffolds are commonly used to link two pharmacodynamic groups in one chemical molecule, forming multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs). Furthermore, the click reaction between azide- and cyano-modified enzyme and ligand provides feasibility for the new modulator discovery, compound tissue distribution evaluation, enzyme localization, and pharmacological mechanism study, promoting the diagnosis of AD course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Shulei Qi
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jinxin Liang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuqing Tian
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Siyu He
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Qinghong Liao
- Shandong Junrong Technology Transfer Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shuaishuai Xing
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lingfei Han
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xuehong Chen
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China.
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Fiorentino F, Rotili D, Mai A. Native mass spectrometry-directed drug discovery: Recent advances in investigating protein function and modulation. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103548. [PMID: 36871843 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Native mass spectrometry (nMS) is a biophysical method for studying protein complexes and can provide insights into subunit stoichiometry and composition, protein-ligand, and protein-protein interactions (PPIs). These analyses are made possible by preserving non-covalent interactions in the gas phase, thereby allowing the analysis of proteins in their native state. Consequently, nMS has been increasingly applied in early drug discovery campaigns for the characterization of protein-drug interactions and the evaluation of PPI modulators. Here, we discuss recent developments in nMS-directed drug discovery and provide a timely perspective on the possible applications of this technology in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fiorentino
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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