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Lv N, Wang C, Zhou H, Ma X, Yu X, Ren D. Genome- and Toxicology-Based Safety Assessment of Probiotic Akkermansia muciniphila ONE Isolated from Humans. Foods 2024; 13:1979. [PMID: 38998485 PMCID: PMC11241434 DOI: 10.3390/foods13131979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the genome of Akkermansia muciniphila ONE (designated AKK ONE) was sequenced, assembled, and analyzed. In addition, the safety of this strain was further evaluated by toxicological studies. The results showed that the AKK ONE genome is contained on a single chromosome with a total length of 2,817,524 bp and an average GC content of 55.48%. In total, 2411, 1131, 1168, 1745, and 1402 genes were annotated to the NR, GO, KEGG, COG, and SwissProt database, respectively. Potential resistance genes, adeF, tetW, ANT(3″)-IIa, and aadA1 were detected. AKK ONE was sensitive to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, meropenem, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol and resistant to moxifloxacin. No potential virulence-related genes were detected. The PathogenFinder database analysis showed that AKK ONE was a non-potential human pathogen. This strain had good gastroenteric fluid tolerance and a weak ability to colonize the gut. No test item-related adverse effects were observed in the acute and subchronic toxicity test. AKK ONE did not display mutagenic activity either. This strain did not change the hematological and clinical biochemical parameters of mice. The weights of the organs were not affected by AKK ONE treatment. These results support that AKK ONE is safe for use as a probiotic at a dose of 8.28 × 109 CFU/kg bw/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lv
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (N.L.); (C.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Caiping Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (N.L.); (C.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongtao Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (N.L.); (C.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (X.M.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xueping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (X.M.); (X.Y.)
| | - Dayong Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (N.L.); (C.W.); (H.Z.)
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Rani S, Sharma U, Deshmukh MP, Kumar V, Sharma KC, Malik M, Subramaniyan V. Immunomodulatory and AntiOxidant Potential of Polyherbal Dhatryadi Rasayana in the Form of Churna and Granules. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14781-14790. [PMID: 38585048 PMCID: PMC10993241 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Dhatryadi Rasayana revitalizes the human body and helps in maintaining health with the elimination of ill effects of various diseases. The effective delivery systems for Rasayana may affect the profound effect of active principles in the body. The present study deals with investigation and evaluation of phytochemical constituents, physicochemical characteristics, along with antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects of Dhatryadi Rasayana in churna (powder) and granule formulations. Dhatryadi Rasayana churna and its granules were studied for various physicochemical parameters, e.g., moisture content, ash-value, acid-insoluble ash content, water-soluble extractive, alcohol-soluble extractive, bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr's index, Hausner's ratio, total sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, heavy metals, total microbial load, etc. In vitro antioxidant potential of Dhatryadi Rasayana churna and its granules was determined by scavenging the DPPH and FRAP assays. The immunomodulatory activities of Dhatryadi Rasayana churna and its granules were studied in Wistar albino rats and the complete blood count (CBC), delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH), and hemagglutination antibody titer were assessed. Dhatryadi Rasayana churna contained alkaloids (0.50 ± 0.298% w/w), tannins (9.84 ± 1.527% w/w), saponins (4.18 ± 2.126% w/w), and flavonoids (9.34 ± 1.026% w/w), while its granules contained 11.08 ± 2.468% w/w total tannins, 2.40 ± 1.132% w/w alkaloids, and 12.46 ± 2.645% w/w total flavonoids. The DPPH scavenging effect was determined by IC50 (churna - 23.89 μg/mL; granules - 9.33 μg/mL), and the antioxidant capacity assessed by FRAP was 77.0 mmol/100 g equivalent of ascorbic acid for churna and 50 mmol/100 g equivalent of ascorbic acid for granules. Dhatryadi Rasayana churna and its granules reflected a significant immunostimulatory effect on both the cell-mediated and humoral immune systems in Wistar albino rats. Moreover, churna and granules of Dhatryadi Rasayana revealed significant antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities and these may be applied for treating different diseases as well as improving the immunity of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheenam Rani
- P.G.
Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Rishikul Campus, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 249404, India
| | - Usha Sharma
- P.G.
Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Rishikul Campus, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 249404, India
| | - Manish Purushottam Deshmukh
- Deputy
Director (Interdisciplinary Research), Datta
Meghe institute of Higher Education & Research, Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra 442001, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri
(Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404, India
| | - Khem Chand Sharma
- P.G.
Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Rishikul Campus, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 249404, India
| | - Mayank
Kumar Malik
- Department
of Chemistry, Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to
be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404, India
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Pharmacology
Unit, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
- School of
Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional
University, Phagwara, Punjab 144001, India
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Malik MK, Kumar V, Singh J, Kumar P. Efficiency of phosphorylated mandua starch in matrix tablet for targeted release of mesalamine in colon. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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