g-C3N4@TiO2@Fe3O4 Multifunctional Nanomaterial for Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction and Photocatalytic Degradation-Based Removal of Trimethoprim and Isoniazid

Ultradurable Embedded Physically Unclonable Functions

Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) have attracted growing interest for anticounterfeiting and authentication applications. The practical applications require durable PUFs made of robust materials. This study reports a practical strategy to generate extremely robust PUFs by embedding random features onto a substrate. The chaotic and low-cost electrohydrodynamic deposition process generates random polymeric features over a negative-tone photoresist film. These polymer features function as a conformal photomask, which protects the underlying photoresist from UV light, thereby enabling the generation of randomly positioned holes. Dry plasma etching of the substrate and removal of the photoresist result in the transfer of random features to the underlying silicon substrate. The matching of binary keys and features via different algorithms facilitates authentication of features. The embedded PUFs exhibit extreme levels of thermal (∼1000 °C) and mechanical stability that exceed the state of the art. The strength of this strategy emerges from the PUF generation directly on the substrate of interest, with stability that approaches the intrinsic properties of the underlying material. Benefiting from the materials and processes widely used in the semiconductor industry, this strategy shows strong promise for anticounterfeiting and device security applications.

Novel vinylene-based covalent organic framework as a promising adsorbent for the rapid extraction of beta-agonists in meat samples

Beta-agonists are potent bronchodilators approved for the treatment of asthma and tocolysis. However, they have been extensively misused as feed additives in the veterinary field to improve feed efficiency. The concern over their potential hazard to health has come to the fore again. In this study, a novel vinylene-based covalent organic framework (V-COF-1) with a two-dimensional structure was developed. The structure shows good tolerance in a variety of mediums, which can be attributed to the low polarity linkage. The high specific surface area and variable interaction with analytes accelerate the extraction time. Furthermore, the swelling resulting from the formation of hydrogen bonds by the protic solvent intercalation with the triazine group also improves the adsorption efficiency. Finally, due to its great reusability, it is economical material in sample preparation application. The V-COF-1 based μ-dSPE approach was coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS to develop a highly sensitive and selective method. The linearity of the method ranged from 0.05 to 20 ng g^-1 with a correlation coefficient (R²) higher than 0.9958, and the limits of detection and quantification fell in the ranges of 0.01-0.10 ng g^-1 and 0.04-0.32 ng g^-1. The proposed method has been successfully applied to determine beta-agonists in meat samples, and the results indicated good recovery of 82.2-116%. The intra-day and inter-day precision were less than 6.61%, indicating the potential for sustainable application in food analysis.

Construction of a binary S-scheme S-g-C3N4/Co-ZF heterojunction with enhanced spatial charge separation for sunlight-driven photocatalytic performance

A step-scheme (S-scheme) photocatalyst made of sulfurized graphitic carbon nitride/cobalt doped zinc ferrite (S-g-C3N4/Co-ZF) was constructed using a hydrothermal process because the building of S-scheme systems might increase the lifespan of highly reactive charge carriers. Utilizing cutting-edge methods, the hybrid photocatalyst was evaluated by employing TEM, XPS, XRD, BET, FTIR, transient photo-response, UV-vis, EIS and ESR signals. In order to create a variety of binary nanocomposites (NCs), nanoparticles (NPs) of 6% cobalt doped zinc ferrite (Co-ZF) were mixed with S-g-C3N4 at various concentrations, ranging from 10 to 80 wt%. For photocatalytic dye removal, a particular binary NC constructed between S-g-C3N4 and Co-ZF produces a huge amount of catalytic active sites. The findings showed that loading of S-g-C3N4 on 6% Co-ZF NPs serves as a good heterointerface for e-/h+ separation and transportation through the S-scheme S-g-C3N4/Co-ZF heterojunction. By boosting the hybrid system's BET surface area for the photocatalytic process, the addition of 6% Co-ZF improves the system's ability to absorb more sunlight and boosts its photocatalytic activity. The highest photo-removal effectiveness (98%), which is around 2.45 times higher than that of its competitors, was achieved by the hybrid photocatalyst system with an ideal loading of 48% Co-ZF. Furthermore, the trapping studies showed that the primary species involved in the MB aqueous photo-degradation were ˙OH- and h+.