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Tetzlaff D, Rensch T, Messing L, Banke P, Grätz S, Siegmund D, Borchardt L, Apfel UP. Mechanochemical one-pot synthesis of heterostructured pentlandite-carbon composites for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11790-11797. [PMID: 37920333 PMCID: PMC10619543 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04542k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have utilized carbon sources as milling additives to enable a direct mechanochemical one-pot synthesis of Fe3Co3Ni3S8/carbon (Pn/C) materials using elemental reaction mixtures. The obtained Pn/C materials are thoroughly characterized and their carbon content could be adjusted up to 50 wt%. In addition to carbon black (CB) as an additive, Pn/C materials were produced using graphite, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which allows the overall physicochemical properties of materials for energy storage applications to be adjusted. By employing the Pn/C materials as electrocatalysts for the HER in a zero-gap proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer, we were able to reach a current density of 1 A cm-2 at a cell potential as low as 2.12 V using Pn, which was synthesized with 25 wt% CB. Furthermore, electrolysis at an applied current density of 1 A cm-2 for 100 h displays a stable performance, thus providing a sustainable synthesis procedure for potential future energy storage applications. Herein, we show that catalyst supports play an important role in the overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tetzlaff
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT Osterfelder Straße 3 DE-46047 Oberhausen Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum, Inorganic Chemistry I Universitätsstraße 150 DE-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Tilo Rensch
- Ruhr University Bochum, Inorganic Chemistry I Universitätsstraße 150 DE-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Leonard Messing
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT Osterfelder Straße 3 DE-46047 Oberhausen Germany
| | - Petra Banke
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT Osterfelder Straße 3 DE-46047 Oberhausen Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum, Inorganic Chemistry I Universitätsstraße 150 DE-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Sven Grätz
- Ruhr University Bochum, Inorganic Chemistry I Universitätsstraße 150 DE-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Daniel Siegmund
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT Osterfelder Straße 3 DE-46047 Oberhausen Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum, Inorganic Chemistry I Universitätsstraße 150 DE-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Lars Borchardt
- Ruhr University Bochum, Inorganic Chemistry I Universitätsstraße 150 DE-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Ulf-Peter Apfel
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT Osterfelder Straße 3 DE-46047 Oberhausen Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum, Inorganic Chemistry I Universitätsstraße 150 DE-44780 Bochum Germany
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Reynes JF, Isoni V, García F. Tinkering with Mechanochemical Tools for Scale Up. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300819. [PMID: 37114517 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry provides an environmentally benign platform to develop more sustainable chemical processes by limiting raw materials, energy use, and waste generation while using physically smaller equipment. A continuously growing research community has steadily showcased examples of beneficial mechanochemistry applications at both the laboratory and the preparative scale. In contrast to solution-based chemistry, mechanochemical processes have not yet been standardized, and thus scaling up is still a nascent discipline. The purpose of this Minireview is to highlight similarities, differences and challenges of the various approaches that have been successfully applied for a range of chemical applications at various scales. We hope to provide a discussion starting point for those interested in further developing mechanochemical processes for commercial use and/or industrialisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier F Reynes
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Valerio Isoni
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1, Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore
| | - Felipe García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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Baláž M, Augustyniak A, Tatykayev B, Shalabayev Z, Burashev G, Dutková E, Daneu N, Briančin J, Balážová Ľ, Tkáčiková Ľ, Stahorský M, Achimovičová M, Baláž P. Mechanochemical synthesis of non-stoichiometric copper sulfide Cu 1.8S applicable as a photocatalyst and antibacterial agent and synthesis scalability verification. Faraday Discuss 2023; 241:367-386. [PMID: 36193820 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00082b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An effort to prepare different non-stoichiometric CuxSy compounds starting from elemental precursors using mechanochemistry was made in this study. However, out of the 7 stoichiometries tested, it was only possible to obtain three phases: covellite CuS, chalcocite Cu2S and digenite Cu1.8S and their mixtures. To obtain the digenite phase with the highest purity, the Cu : S stoichiometric ratio needed to be fixed at 1.6 : 1. The reaction between copper and sulfur was completed within a second range, however, milling was performed for up to 15 minutes until the equilibrium in phase composition between digenite and covellite was reached. The possibility of preparing the product in a 300 g batch by eccentric vibratory milling in 30 minutes was successfully verified at the end. The estimated crystallite sizes for the digenite Cu1.8S obtained via lab-scale and scalable experiments were around 12 and 17 nm, respectively. The obtained products were found to be efficient photocatalysts under visible light irradiation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, being capable of the complete degradation of the Methyl Orange dye in a concentration of 10 mg L-1 in 2 hours. Finally, the antibacterial potential of both lab-scale and large-scale industrial products was proven and, regardless of the manufacturing scale, the nanoparticles retained their properties against bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Baláž
- Institute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 45, 04001 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Adrian Augustyniak
- Chair of Building Materials and Construction Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany.,Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, The West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Avenue 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Batukhan Tatykayev
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi ave., 71, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhandos Shalabayev
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi ave., 71, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Gairat Burashev
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi ave., 71, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Erika Dutková
- Institute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 45, 04001 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Nina Daneu
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jaroslav Briančin
- Institute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 45, 04001 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Ľudmila Balážová
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ľudmila Tkáčiková
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Stahorský
- Institute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 45, 04001 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Marcela Achimovičová
- Institute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 45, 04001 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Baláž
- Institute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 45, 04001 Košice, Slovakia.
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