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Thiru S, Kola R, Thimmaraju MK, Dhanalakshmi CS, Sharma V, Sakthi P, Maguluri LP, Ranganathan L, Lalvani JIJ. An analytical characterization study on biofuel obtained from pyrolysis of Madhuca longifolia residues. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14745. [PMID: 38926435 PMCID: PMC11208176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study focuses on examining the characteristics of biofuel obtained from the pyrolysis of Madhuca longifolia residues, since the selected forest residue was primarily motivated by its greater volatile matter content. The study used several analytical techniques to describe pyrolysis oil, char, and gas obtained from slow pyrolysis process conducted between 350 and 600 °C in a fixed-bed reactor. Initially, the effect of process temperature on product distribution was assessed to motivate maximum pyrolysis oil yield and found to be 44.2 wt% at pyrolysis temperature of 475 °C, while the yields of char and gas were 22.1 wt% and 33.7 wt%, respectively. In order to determine the suitability of the feedstock, the Madhuca longifolia residues were analyzed by TGA and FT-IR, which revealed that the feedstock could be a feasible option as an energy source. The characterization of pyrolysis oil, char, and gas has been done through various analytical methods like FT-IR, GC-MS, and gas chromatography. The physicochemical characteristics of the pyrolysis oil sample were examined, and the results showed that the oil is a viscous liquid with a lower heating value than conventional diesel. The FT-IR and GC-MS analysis of pyrolysis oil revealed the presence of increased levels of oxygenated chemicals, acids, and phenol derivatives. The findings of the FT-IR analysis of char indicated the existence of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. The increased carbon content in the char indicated the possibility of using solid fuel. Gas chromatography was used to examine the chemical structure of the pyrolysis gas, and the results showed the existence of combustible elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thiru
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Jeddah, 23218, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramesh Kola
- Department of Chemistry, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology (A), Gandipet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500075, India
| | - Manish Kumar Thimmaraju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Balaji Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Narsampet, Warangal, Telangana, 506331, India
| | - C Sowmya Dhanalakshmi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641035, India
| | - Vipin Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Medi-Caps University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453331, India
| | - P Sakthi
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, M.Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Karur, Tamil Nadu, 639113, India
| | - Lakshmana Phaneendra Maguluri
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, 522302, India
| | - L Ranganathan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cambridge Institute of Technology, Tatisilwai, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835103, India
| | - J Isaac JoshuaRamesh Lalvani
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Arba Minch Institute of Technology, Arba Minch University, PO Box 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
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Prateep Na Talang R, Na Sorn W, Polruang S, Sirivithayapakorn S. Alternative crop residue management practices to mitigate the environmental and economic impacts of open burning of agricultural residues. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14372. [PMID: 38909099 PMCID: PMC11193774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Deliberate open burning of crop residues emits greenhouse gases and toxic pollutants into the atmosphere. This study investigates the environmental impacts (global warming potential, GWP) and economic impacts (net cash flow) of nine agricultural residue management schemes, including open burning, fertilizer production, and biochar production for corn residue, rice straw, and sugarcane leaves. The environmental assessment shows that, except the open burning schemes, fossil fuel consumption is the main contributor of the GWP impact. The fertilizer and biochar schemes reduce the GWP impact including black carbon by 1.88-1.96 and 2.46-3.22 times compared to open burning. The biochar schemes have the lowest GWP (- 1833.19 to - 1473.21 kg CO2-eq/ton). The economic assessment outcomes reveal that the biochar schemes have the highest net cash flow (222.72-889.31 US$2022/ton or 1258.15-13409.16 US$2022/ha). The expenditures of open burning are practically zero, while the biochar schemes are the most costly to operate. The most preferable agricultural residue management type is the biochar production, given the lowest GWP impact and the highest net cash flow. To discourage open burning, the government should tailor the government assistance programs to the needs of the farmers and make the financial assistance more accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutjaya Prateep Na Talang
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Environmental Modeling Consultant Center, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Warangluck Na Sorn
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Sucheela Polruang
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Sanya Sirivithayapakorn
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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Joshi NC, Sinha S, Bhatnagar P, Nath Y, Negi B, Kumar V, Gururani P. A concise review on waste biomass valorization through thermochemical conversion. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2024; 6:100237. [PMID: 38706494 PMCID: PMC11067365 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to an increase in industrialization and urbanization, massive amounts of solid waste biomass are speedily accumulating in our environment, which poses several adverse effects on habitat and human health thus becoming a matter of discussion in the environmental community. With reference to the circular economy, continuous efforts have been put forward for setting up an organised management approach in combination with an efficient treatment technique for increasing the profitable utilization of solid waste. This review aims to provide a systematic discussion on the recent thermochemical technologies employed for converting waste biomass generated from different sources into valuable products like biochar, bio-oil, heat, energy and syngas. The article further focuses on a few important aspects of thermochemical conversion of waste biomass to useful products like technical factors affecting thermochemical processes, applications of by-products of thermochemical conversion, and biological pretreatment of waste biomass. The review assists interesting recent and scientific trends for boosting up the systematic management and valorization of solid waste through low-cost, efficient, environment-friendly and sustainable technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Chandra Joshi
- Division of Research & Innovation, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Somya Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, 248002, India
| | - Pooja Bhatnagar
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Food Science & Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Yogesh Nath
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, 248002, India
| | - Bhavya Negi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, 248002, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Food Science & Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Prateek Gururani
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, 248002, India
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Thangaraj B, Mumtaz F, Abbas Y, Anjum DH, Solomon PR, Hassan J. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide from Sugarcane Dry Leaves by Two-Stage Pyrolysis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083329. [PMID: 37110563 PMCID: PMC10140955 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural or synthetic graphite as precursors for the preparation of graphene oxide (GO) have constraints due to their limited availability, high reaction temperature for processing of synthetic graphite and higher generation cost. The use of oxidants, long reaction duration, the generation of toxic gases and residues of inorganic salts, the degree of hazard and low yield are some of the disadvantages of the oxidative-exfoliation methods. Under these circumstances, biomass waste usage as a precursor is a viable alternative. The conversion of biomass into GO by the pyrolysis method is ecofriendly with diverse applications, which partially overcomes the waste disposal problem encountered by the existing methods. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) is prepared from dry leaves of sugarcane plant through a two-step pyrolysis method using ferric (III) citrate as a catalyst, followed by treatment with conc. H2SO4. The synthesized GO is analyzed by UV-Vis., FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS and Raman spectroscopy. The synthesized GO has many oxygen-containing functional groups (-OH, C-OH, COOH, C-O). It shows a sheet-like structure with a crystalline size of 10.08 nm. The GO has a graphitic structure due to the Raman shift of G (1339 cm-1) and D (1591 cm-1) bands. The prepared GO has multilayers due to the ratio of 0.92 between ID and IG. The weight ratios between carbon and oxygen are examined by SEM-EDS and TEM-EDS and found to be 3.35 and 38.11. This study reveals that the conversion of sugarcane dry leaves into the high-value-added material GO becomes realistic and feasible and thus reduces the production cost of GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskar Thangaraj
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatima Mumtaz
- Emirates Nuclear Technology Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yawar Abbas
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dalaver H Anjum
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pravin Raj Solomon
- Molecular Epidemiology and Diagnostic Research Facility, Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jamal Hassan
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
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