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Bhatt P, Kumar V, Rastogi H, Malik MK, Dixit R, Garg S, Kapoor G, Singh S. Functional and Tableting Properties of Alkali-Isolated and Phosphorylated Barnyard Millet ( Echinochloa esculenta) Starch. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30294-30305. [PMID: 37636954 PMCID: PMC10448648 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The functional and tableting properties of barnyard millet starch (Echinochloa esculenta) were investigated in its native (alkali-treated) and chemically modified (phosphorylated) states. The grains were pulverized, soaked, and ground before filtration to separate starch and protein. Multiple NaOH treatments were performed. The starch was washed, neutralized, and dried. Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and sodium sulfate were used to modify the starch, followed by maceration, washing, and drying to remove unreacted chemicals. The amylose content of alkali-treated barnyard millet starch increased by 19.96 ± 3.56% w/w. The amount of protein, the kind of starch used, and the size of the starch granules, all affected the ability of the starch granules to swell up. It was observed that alkali-extracted barnyard millet starch (AZS) has a swelling power of 194.3 ± 0.0064% w/w. The swelling capacity of treated starch was lesser as compared to the native alkali barnyard millet starch. Decrement in swelling power of phosphorylated starch was observed due to tightening of bonds in the molecular structure. The moisture content of the excipients may affect the overall stability of the formulation. The moisture content of the AZS was found to be 15.336 ± 1.012% w/w. Compared to AZS, cross-linked barnyard millet starch had a moisture content that was up to 20% lower than AZS. The Hausner ratio for phosphorylated starch was found to be 1.25, which indicates marked flow property. Similar morphologies could be seen in the alkali-isolated barnyard millet starch and the cross-linked/phosphorylated barnyard millet that was cross-linked using a mixture of sodium sulfate and sodium tripolyphosphate. The modest degree of substitution would have no effect on the surface morphology as shown by the scanning electron microscopic study. The crushing and compacting abilities of modified barnyard millet starch were also improved, but its friability and rate of disintegration were decreased. The whole study revealed that after cross-linking, barnyard millet had good tableting properties and it can be used as an excipient in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhatt
- KIET
Group of Institutions (KIET School of Pharmacy), Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201206, India
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri
(Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri
(Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404, India
| | - Harsh Rastogi
- KIET
Group of Institutions (KIET School of Pharmacy), Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201206, India
| | - Mayank Kumar Malik
- Department
of Chemistry, Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to
be University), Haridwar, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 246404, India
| | - Raghav Dixit
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri
(Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404, India
| | - Sakshi Garg
- KIET
Group of Institutions (KIET School of Pharmacy), Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201206, India
| | - Garima Kapoor
- KIET
Group of Institutions (KIET School of Pharmacy), Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201206, India
| | - Suruchi Singh
- Accurate
College of Pharmacy, 49, Knowledge Park-III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh201306, India
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Kunyanee K, Phadtaisong K, Na Chiangmai J, Parittapongsachai N, Van Ngo T, Luangsakul N, Sungsinchai S. Improving the swelling capacity of granular cold-water rice starch by ultrasound-assisted alcoholic-alkaline treatment. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 98:106506. [PMID: 37418950 PMCID: PMC10359937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the ability to improve the capacity of cold swelling and cold-water solubility of rice starch by ultrasonic-assisted alcohol-alkaline and alcohol-alkaline methods. To achieve this, ultrasound powers (U) were varied (30%, 70%, 100%) under the granular cold-water swelling starch (GCWSS) preparation (GCWSS + 30 %U, GCWSS + 70 %U, and GCWSS + 100 %U). The effects of these methods on morphological, pasting properties, amylose content, ratio of 1047/1022 spectra by FTIR, turbidity, freeze-thaw stability, and gel texture were also studied and compared. The results showed that the surface of GCWSS granules presented a honeycomb especially GCWSS + U treatments exhibited more porous on the surface of starch granules. The cold swelling power and solubility of GCWSS + U samples were increased which confirmed by reducing ratio of ordered structure to amorphous structure of starch, and turbidity was also decreased. Moreover, pasting temperature, breakdown, final viscosity, and setback decreased while peak viscosity increased as measured using a Rapid Visco Analyzer. The freeze-thaw stability of GCWSS + U was more resistant to syneresis than GCWSS under repeated freeze-thaw cycles. The reduction of gel hardness and springiness was observed using Texture Analyzer. These changes were enhanced with increasing ultrasound powers. Thus, the results indicate that the different ultrasound-assisted alcohol-alkaline treatments for preparing GCWSS show an effective use in the preparation of GCWSS with improved cold-water swelling and reduced retrogradation of rice starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannika Kunyanee
- School of Food Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Kanyarak Phadtaisong
- School of Food Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Jutarat Na Chiangmai
- School of Food Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Natch Parittapongsachai
- School of Food Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Tai Van Ngo
- School of Food Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Naphatrapi Luangsakul
- School of Food Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
| | - Sirada Sungsinchai
- School of Food Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
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Ghosh B, Roy N, Roy D, Mandal S, Mondal M, Dakua VK, Dutta A, Sen S, Kumar A, Chakraborty R, Roy MN. Exploring Inclusion Complex of an Antithyroid Drug (PTU) with α-Cyclodextrin for Innovative Applications by Physicochemical Approach Optimized by Molecular Docking. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Malik M, Kumar V, Singh J, Bhatt P, Dixit R, Kumar S. Phosphorylation of Alkali Extracted Mandua Starch by STPP/STMP for Improving Digestion Resistibility. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11750-11767. [PMID: 37033860 PMCID: PMC10077428 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The chemical modifications of starch granules have been adopted to improve the characteristics, viz., paste clarity, resistant starch content, thermal stability, and so forth. The modified starch has been applied as a biopolymer in developing various preparations of food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical importance. The present work is focused on phosphorylation of alkali extracted mandua starch for improving digestion resistibility. The phosphorylation of mandua starch extracted from grains of Eleusine coracana (family Poaceae) was carried out by sodium tripolyphosphate/sodium trimetaphosphate at alkaline pH. After chemical treatment of mandua starch, the resistant starch (RS) content was increased significantly. The digestibility of chemically modified starch (CMS) was decreased down after treating by the phosphorylation process. The digestibility of CMS and alkali extracted mandua starch (AMS) in simulated intestinal fluid was found to be 32.64 ± 1.98% w/w and 61.12 ± 2.54% w/w, respectively. After chemical modification of mandua starch, a decrement was observed in amylose content, water-binding capacity, and swelling power. In the three-stage decomposition pattern of CMS studied by thermal gravimetric analysis, the significant changes in decomposition behavior also affirmed the impact of cross-linking in the improvement of stability of internal structure and resistibility of starch. In Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), the formation of the P=O bond was observed in CMS at 1250 cm-1. The acute and sub-acute toxicity studies in terms of behavioral, haematological, and enzymological parameters for CMS were not different significantly from AMS and control (p > 0.05). The cellular architecture of the liver and the kidney were found normal after consumption of CMS. The results revealed that significant increment in RS fraction occurred after cross-linking of mandua starch. The prepared starch may be applied in developing various formulations of food and pharmaceutical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank
Kumar Malik
- Department
of Chemistry, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to
be University), Haridwar 249407, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Science & Health, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar 249407, India
| | - Jaspal Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to
be University), Haridwar 249407, India
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- KIET
School of Pharmacy, Ghaziabad 201206, India
| | - Raghav Dixit
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Science & Health, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar 249407, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Gurukula
Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar 249407, India
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Malik MK, Kumar V, Singh J, Kumar P. Efficiency of phosphorylated mandua starch in matrix tablet for targeted release of mesalamine in colon. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Dual modification of normal corn starch by cross-linking and annealing: investigation of physicochemical, thermal, pasting, and morphological properties. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-023-01813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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