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Dash S, Majood M, Meena R, Mukherjee M, Dinda AK, Kuanr BK, Mohanty S. Biocompatible polymer-coated magneto-fluorescent super nanoparticles for the homing of mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132794. [PMID: 38834114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Stem cell plays an important role in the clinical field. However, the effective delivery of stem cells to the targeted site relies on the efficient homing of the cells to the site of injury. In view of that, fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles stick out due to their wide range of enabling functions including cellular homing and tracking. The present study unravels the synthesis of polymer-coated biocompatible and fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles (FMNPs) by a single-step hydrothermal synthesis method. Importantly, the facile method developed the biological super nanoparticles consisting of the magnetic core, which is surrounded by the fluorescent nanodot-decorated polymeric shell. The synthesized particles showed an amorphous nature, and superparamagnetic properties, with efficient fluorescence properties of emission at the blue range (̴ 410 nm). The FMNP labeling showed the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) homing to the desired site in the presence of an external magnetic field. The in-house synthesized nanoparticles showed significant cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility in vitro as well as in vivo conditions owing to their surface coating. This unprecedented work advances the efficient internalization of FMNPs in MSCs and their enhanced migration potential provides a breakthrough in stem cell delivery for therapeutic applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The bi-modal fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles hold a promising role in the biomedical field for mesenchymal stem cell homing and tracking. Hence, in this study, for the first time, we have synthesized the fluorescent magnetic nanoparticle with polymer coating via an easy single-step method. The nanoparticle with a polymer coat enhanced the biocompatibility and effortless internalization of the nanoparticle into mesenchymal stem cells without hampering the native stem cell properties. Furthermore, the enhanced migration potential of such magnetized stem cells and their homing at the target site by applying an external magnetic field opened up avenues for the smart delivery of mesenchymal stem cells at complex sites such as retina for the tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Dash
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Misba Majood
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, 201303 Noida, India
| | - Ravindra Meena
- Special Centre for Nano Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Monalisa Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, 201303 Noida, India
| | - Amit K Dinda
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Bijoy K Kuanr
- Special Centre for Nano Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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Huang S, Huang G. The utilization of quantum dot labeling as a burgeoning technique in the field of biological imaging. RSC Adv 2024; 14:20884-20897. [PMID: 38957578 PMCID: PMC11217725 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04402a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs), with their unique optical and physical properties, have revolutionized the field of biological imaging, providing researchers with tools to explore cellular processes and molecular interactions in unprecedented detail. This review explores the diverse properties of QDs, emphasizing their application in biological imaging and addressing both their advantages and challenges. We discuss the developments in QD technology that have facilitated their integration into bioimaging, highlighting the role of surface modifications in enhancing their biocompatibility and functionality. The varied applications of QDs in both in vitro and in vivo imaging settings are examined, showcasing their capacity to deliver brighter, more stable, and multiplexed imaging solutions compared to traditional fluorescent dyes. Furthermore, we delve into the challenges associated with QD use, particularly concerns regarding their potential toxicity and long-term effects on biological systems, and explore ongoing research aimed at mitigating these issues. Finally, we discuss future directions in QD technology, anticipating advancements that will further solidify their role in biological imaging and open up new avenues for scientific exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400700 China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Normal University Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Gangliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Normal University Chongqing 401331 China
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3
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Zhou Y, Duan HL, Tan KJ, Dong L. One-step solvothermal synthesis of full-color fluorescent carbon dots for information encryption and anti-counterfeiting applications. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:11642-11650. [PMID: 38847559 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01111b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Multicolor fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) have received extensive attention due to their excellent fluorescence tunable performance. In this study, multicolor CDs with color tunable and high fluorescence quantum yields (QYs) were successfully prepared under the same conditions by a one-step solvothermal method using 2-aminoterephthalic acid (ATA) and Nile Blue A (NBA) as reaction reagents, achieving a wide color field coverage. Detailed studies on the relevant mechanisms have been carried out for blue, green and red CDs, indicating that the regulating mechanism of multicolor luminescence is determined by the size of the sp2 conjugated domains, which is due to the increase of particle size that causes an increase in the size of the sp2 conjugated domains, resulting in the narrowing of the band gap and the red-shift of the emission wavelength. It was found that the CDs have the advantages of simple preparation, high photostability and high quantum yield. They were used as fluorescent ink and mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to form CD/PVA composites, which were successfully applied in the field of information encryption and anti-counterfeiting. This work provides a new strategy for the synthesis of panchromatic tunable fluorescent CDs and their application in the field of information encryption and anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Hai-Lin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Ke-Jun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Dong
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Center of Modern Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
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4
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Majood M, Agrawal O, Garg P, Selvam A, Yadav SK, Singh S, Kalyansundaram D, Verma YK, Nayak R, Mohanty S, Mukherjee M. Carbon quantum dot-nanocomposite hydrogel as Denovo Nexus in rapid chondrogenesis. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 157:213730. [PMID: 38101066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The incapability of cartilage to naturally regenerate and repair chronic muscular injuries urges the development of competent bionic rostrums. There is a need to explore faster strategies for chondrogenic engineering using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Along these lines, rapid chondrocyte differentiation would benefit the transplantation demand affecting osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. In this report, a de novo nanocomposite was constructed by integrating biogenic carbon quantum dot (CQD) filler into synthetic hydrogel prepared from dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and acrylic acid (AAc). The dominant structural integrity of synthetic hydrogel along with the chondrogenic differentiation potential of garlic peel derived CQDs led to faster chondrogenesis within 14 days. By means of extensive chemical and morphological characterization techniques, we illustrate that the hydrogel nanocomposite possesses lucrative features to influence rapid chondrogenesis. These results were further corroborated by bright field imaging, Alcian blue staining and Masson trichome staining. Thus, this stratagem of chondrogenic engineering conceptualizes to be a paragon in clinical wound care for the rapid manufacturing of chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misba Majood
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
| | - Omnarayan Agrawal
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
| | - Piyush Garg
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
| | - Abhyavartin Selvam
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India; Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Yadav
- Center of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sonu Singh
- Center of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Dinesh Kalyansundaram
- Center of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar Verma
- Division of Stem Cell & Gene Therapy Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Ranu Nayak
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT center of Excellence, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Monalisa Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India.
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Guo J, Cao G, Wei S, Han Y, Xu P. Progress in the application of graphene and its derivatives to osteogenesis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21872. [PMID: 38034743 PMCID: PMC10682167 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As bone and joint injuries from various causes become increasingly prominent, how to effectively reconstruct and repair bone defects presents a difficult problem for clinicians and researchers. In recent years, graphene and its derivatives have been the subject of growing body of research and have been found to promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. This provides a new idea for solving the clinical problem of bone defects. However, as as numerous articles address various aspects and have not been fully systematized, there is an urgent need to classify and summarize them. In this paper, for the first time, the effects of graphene and its derivatives on stem cells in solution, in 2D and 3D structures and in vivo and their possible mechanisms are reviewed, and the cytotoxic effects of graphene and its derivatives were summarized and analyzed. The toxicity of graphene and its derivatives is further reviewed. In addition, we suggest possible future development directions of graphene and its derivatives in bone tissue engineering applications to provide a reference for further clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guihua Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Song Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yisheng Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Dutta SD, Ganguly K, Hexiu J, Randhawa A, Moniruzzaman M, Lim KT. A 3D Bioprinted Nanoengineered Hydrogel with Photoactivated Drug Delivery for Tumor Apoptosis and Simultaneous Bone Regeneration via Macrophage Immunomodulation. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300096. [PMID: 37087681 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
One of the significant challenges in bone tissue engineering (BTE) is the healing of traumatic tissue defects owing to the recruitment of local infection and delayed angiogenesis. Herein, a 3D printable multi-functional hydrogel composing polyphenolic carbon quantum dots (CQDs, 100 µg mL-1 ) and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA, 12 wt%) is reported for robust angiogenesis, bone regeneration and anti-tumor therapy. The CQDs are synthesized from a plant-inspired bioactive molecule, 1, 3, 5-trihydroxybenzene. The 3D printed GelMA-CQDs hydrogels display typical shear-thinning behavior with excellent printability. The fabricated hydrogel displayed M2 polarization of macrophage (Raw 264.7) cells via enhancing anti-inflammatory genes (e.g., IL-4 and IL10), and induced angiogenesis and osteogenesis of human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). The bioprinted hBMSCs are able to produce vessel-like structures after 14 d of incubation. Furthermore, the 3D printed hydrogel scaffolds also show remarkable near infra-red (NIR) responsive properties under 808 nm NIR light (1.0 W cm-2 ) irradiation with controlled release of antitumor drugs (≈49%) at pH 6.5, and thereby killing the osteosarcoma cells. Therefore, it is anticipated that the tissue regeneration and healing ability with therapeutic potential of the GelMA-CQDs scaffolds may provide a promising alternative for traumatic tissue regeneration via augmenting angiogenesis and accelerated immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hexiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Aayushi Randhawa
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 100069, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Moniruzzaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, 1342, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 100069, Republic of Korea
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7
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Li J, Tan R, Bian X, Ge Z, Li J, Li Z, Liao L, Yang L, Zhang R, Zhou P. Design of carbon dots for bioimaging and behavior regulation of stem cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:1109-1134. [PMID: 37610118 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have been widely used in bioimaging, biosensing and biotherapy because of their good biocompatibility, optical properties and stability. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the research on CDs in terms of synthesis methods, optical properties and biotoxicity. We describe and envisage the directions for CDs application in stem cell imaging and differentiation, with the aim of stimulating the design of future related CDs. We used 'carbon dots', 'stem cells', 'cell imaging', 'cell differentiation' and 'fate control' as keywords to search for important articles. The Web of Science database was used to extract vital information from a total of 357 papers, 126 review articles and 231 article proceedings within 12 years (2011-2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongshuang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueru Bian
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangjie Ge
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Li
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzi Liao
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
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Majood M, Selvam A, Agrawal O, Chaurasia R, Rawat S, Mohanty S, Mukherjee M. Biogenic Carbon Quantum Dots as a Neoteric Inducer in the Game of Directing Chondrogenesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19997-20011. [PMID: 37042793 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The journey into the field of stem cell biology has been an endeavor of paramount advancement in biomedicine, establishing new horizons in the avenue of materiobiology. The creative drive of the scientific community focuses on ameliorating the utilization of stem cells, which is currently untapped on a large scale. With similar motivation, we present a nascent strategy of maneuvering biogenic carbon quantum dots (CQDs) to eclipse the toxic hurdles of chemical synthesis of carbon allotropes to serve as a biocompatible trident in stem cell biology employing a three-prong action of stem cell differentiation, imaging, and migration. The derivation of CQDs from garlic peels as a biogenic precursor abets in realizing the optophysical features of CQDs to image mesenchymal stem cells without hampering the biological systems with cytotoxicity. We report the versatility of biogenic CQDs to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to robustly influence stem cell migration and concomitantly chondrocyte differentiation from human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs). This was orchestrated without the use of chondrogenic induction factors, which was confirmed from the expression of chondrogenic markers (Col II, Col X, ACAN). Even the collagen content of cells incubated with CQDs was quite comparable with that of chondrocyte-induced cells. Thus, we empirically propose garlic peel-derived CQDs as a tangible advancement in stem cell biology from a materiobiological frame of reference to hone significant development in this arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misba Majood
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Abhyavartin Selvam
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Omnarayan Agrawal
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Radhika Chaurasia
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Sonali Rawat
- Stem Cells Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cells Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Monalisa Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
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Lin L, Zheng Y, Wang C, Li P, Xu D, Zhao W. Concentration-Dependent Cellular Uptake of Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots Promotes the Odontoblastic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Cells via the AMPK/mTOR Pathway. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:5393-5405. [PMID: 36816699 PMCID: PMC9933470 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As zero-dimension nanoparticles, graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) have broad potential for regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. However, such regulation of dental pulp cells (DPSCs) with different concentrations of GOQDs is insufficiently investigated, especially on the molecular mechanism. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect and molecular mechanism of GOQDs on the odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs and to provide a theoretical basis for the repair of pulp vitality by pulp capping. CCK-8, immunofluorescence staining, alkaline phosphatase activity assay and staining, alizarin red staining, qRT-PCR, and western blotting were used to detect the proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of DPSC coculturing with different concentrations of GOQDs. The results indicate that the cellular uptake of low concentration of GOQDs (0.1, 1, and 10 μg/mL) could promote the proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of DPCSs. Compared with other concentration groups, 1 μg/mL GOQDs show better ability in such promotion. In addition, with the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway, the mTOR signaling pathway was inhibited in DPSCs after coculturing with GOQDs, which indicates that low concentrations of GOQDs could regulate the odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs by the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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10
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Engineering and surface modification of carbon quantum dots for cancer bioimaging. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Majood M, Rawat S, Mohanty S. Delineating the role of extracellular vesicles in cancer metastasis: A comprehensive review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:966661. [PMID: 36059497 PMCID: PMC9439583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.966661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are subcellular messengers that aid in the formation and spread of cancer by enabling tumor-stroma communication. EVs develop from the very porous structure of late endosomes and hold information on both the intrinsic “status” of the cell and the extracellular signals absorbed by the cells from their surroundings. These EVs contain physiologically useful components, including as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, which have been found to activate important signaling pathways in tumor and tumor microenvironment (TME) cells, aggravating tumor growth. We highlight critical cell biology mechanisms that link EVS formation to cargo sorting in cancer cells in this review.Sorting out the signals that control EVs creation, cargo, and delivery will aid our understanding of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we reviewed how cancer development and spreading behaviors are affected by coordinated communication between malignant and non-malignant cells. Herein, we studied the reciprocal exchanges via EVs in various cancer types. Further research into the pathophysiological functions of various EVs in tumor growth is likely to lead to the discovery of new biomarkers in liquid biopsy and the development of tumor-specific therapies.
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