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Cao C, Guo W. Synthesis of metal framework-modified carbon dots with super large stokes shift using Hami melon as a green precursor for detecting thiophanate-methyl residue in leafy vegetables. Food Chem 2024; 460:140703. [PMID: 39098191 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Consuming leafy vegetables with excessive thiophanate-methyl (TM) residue poses serious risks to human health. To realize rapidly and sensitively detecting TM in leafy vegetables, we developed a fluorescent probe based on zeolitic imidazolate framework-8-modified carbon dots using Hami melon as the green precursor (HM-CDs@ZIF-8). Meanwhile, the mechanism of HM-CDs@ZIF-8 for detecting TM was investigated and explained. The results of the performance tests showed that the prepared HM-CDs@ZIF-8 exhibited high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, robust anti-interference capability, reliable reproducibility and repeatability, and long-term stability. After optimization experiments, the fluorescence intensity of HM-CDs@ZIF-8 showed a strong linear correlation with the concentration of TM (0.00171-3.4239 mol/L) with a detection limit of 2.025 μmol/L. The HM-CDs@ZIF-8 was successfully applied to determine TM in spiked leafy vegetables with satisfactory recoveries of 96-105%. The relative standard deviations were in the range of 0.26-2.55%. The sensor has a promising application for detecting TM in leafy vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Cao
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenchuan Guo
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Ren J, Opoku H, Tang S, Edman L, Wang J. Carbon Dots: A Review with Focus on Sustainability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2405472. [PMID: 39023174 PMCID: PMC11425242 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are an emerging class of nanomaterials with attractive optical properties, which promise to enable a variety of applications. An important and timely question is whether CDs can become a functional and sustainable alternative to incumbent optical nanomaterials, notably inorganic quantum dots. Herein, the current CD literature is comprehensively reviewed as regards to their synthesis and function, with a focus on sustainability aspects. The study quantifies why it is attractive that CDs can be synthesized with biomass as the sole starting material and be free from toxic and precious metals and critical raw materials. It further describes and analyzes employed pretreatment, chemical-conversion, purification, and processing procedures, and highlights current issues with the usage of solvents, the energy and material efficiency, and the safety and waste management. It is specially shown that many reported synthesis and processing methods are concerningly wasteful with the utilization of non-sustainable solvents and energy. It is finally recommended that future studies should explicitly consider and discuss the environmental influence of the selected starting material, solvents, and generated byproducts, and that quantitative information on the required amounts of solvents, consumables, and energy should be provided to enable an evaluation of the presented methods in an upscaled sustainability context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkai Ren
- The Organic Photonics and Electronics Group, Department of PhysicsUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐90187Sweden
| | - Henry Opoku
- The Organic Photonics and Electronics Group, Department of PhysicsUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐90187Sweden
| | - Shi Tang
- The Organic Photonics and Electronics Group, Department of PhysicsUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐90187Sweden
- LunaLEC ABUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐90187Sweden
| | - Ludvig Edman
- The Organic Photonics and Electronics Group, Department of PhysicsUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐90187Sweden
- LunaLEC ABUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐90187Sweden
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of PhysicsUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐90187Sweden
| | - Jia Wang
- The Organic Photonics and Electronics Group, Department of PhysicsUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐90187Sweden
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Simões R, Rodrigues J, Neto V, Monteiro T, Gonçalves G. Carbon Dots: A Bright Future as Anticounterfeiting Encoding Agents. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311526. [PMID: 38396215 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Counterfeit products and data vulnerability present significant challenges in contemporary society. Hence, various methods and technologies are explored for anticounterfeiting encoding, with luminescent tracers, particularly luminescent carbon dots (CDs), emerging as a notable solution. CDs offer promising contributions to product security, environmental sustainability, and the circular economy. This critical review aims to highlight the luminescence responsiveness of CDs to physical and chemical stimuli, achieved through nanoengineering their chemical structure. The discussion will delve into the various tunable luminescence mechanisms and decay times of CDs, investigating preferential excitations such as up-conversion, delayed fluorescence, fluorescence, room temperature phosphorescence, persistent luminescence, energy and charge transfer, as well as photo-chemical interactions. These insights are crucial for advancing anticounterfeiting solutions. Following this exploration, a systematic review will focus on the research of luminescent CDs' smart encoding applications, encompassing anticounterfeiting, product tracing, quality certification, and information encryption. Finally, the review will address key challenges in implementing CDs-based technology, providing specific insights into strategies aimed at maximizing their stability and efficacy in anticounterfeiting encoding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Simões
- TEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory (LASI), Guimarães, Portugal., LASI, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal
- i3N, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Joana Rodrigues
- i3N, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Victor Neto
- TEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory (LASI), Guimarães, Portugal., LASI, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal
| | - Teresa Monteiro
- i3N, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Gil Gonçalves
- TEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- i3N, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
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Zhou Y, Duan HL, Tan KJ, Dong L. One-step solvothermal synthesis of full-color fluorescent carbon dots for information encryption and anti-counterfeiting applications. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:11642-11650. [PMID: 38847559 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01111b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Multicolor fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) have received extensive attention due to their excellent fluorescence tunable performance. In this study, multicolor CDs with color tunable and high fluorescence quantum yields (QYs) were successfully prepared under the same conditions by a one-step solvothermal method using 2-aminoterephthalic acid (ATA) and Nile Blue A (NBA) as reaction reagents, achieving a wide color field coverage. Detailed studies on the relevant mechanisms have been carried out for blue, green and red CDs, indicating that the regulating mechanism of multicolor luminescence is determined by the size of the sp2 conjugated domains, which is due to the increase of particle size that causes an increase in the size of the sp2 conjugated domains, resulting in the narrowing of the band gap and the red-shift of the emission wavelength. It was found that the CDs have the advantages of simple preparation, high photostability and high quantum yield. They were used as fluorescent ink and mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to form CD/PVA composites, which were successfully applied in the field of information encryption and anti-counterfeiting. This work provides a new strategy for the synthesis of panchromatic tunable fluorescent CDs and their application in the field of information encryption and anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Hai-Lin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Ke-Jun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Dong
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Center of Modern Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
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Peng L, Guo H, Wu N, Wang M, Hao Y, Ren B, Hui Y, Ren H, Yang W. A dual-functional fluorescence probe CDs@ZIF-90 for highly specific detection of Al 3+ and Hg 2+ in environmental water samples. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1288:342171. [PMID: 38220302 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the escalating water pollution has resulted in serious harm to human health and ecological environment due to the excessive discharge of toxic metal ions such as Al3+ and Hg2+. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a simple, efficient, and rapid detection method for monitoring the levels of the metal ions in water environment to ensure public health and ecological safety. In this study, carbon dots (CDs) containing heteroatom Si were successfully synthesized by the solvothermal method. Subsequently, a novel dual-functional fluorescent sensor (CDs@ZIF-90) was constructed by integrating CDs with zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90). The fluorescent composite CDs@ZIF-90 showed outstanding optical properties and excellent structural and luminescence stability in aqueous medium. Particularly, its fluorescence at 453 nm can be remarkably enhanced by Al3+ and quenched upon exposure to Hg2+. As a result, the CDs@ZIF-90 was applied in sensitive and selective determination of Al3+ and Hg2+ ions with wide linear ranges (1-200 μM and 0.05-240 μM) and low detection limits (0.81 μM and 19.6 nM). Moreover, a convenient and rapid fluorescence test strip was also successfully prepared for visual detection of Al3+ and Hg2+ ions. This work is the first try to use the CDs@ZIF-90 fluorescence sensing material for highly sensitive and selective determination of Al3+ and Hg2+ based on "turn-on" and "turn-off" dual modes, respectively and it provides a new idea for monitoring quality of drinking water and environmental water. It is of great significance for human health and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Peng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Hao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Ning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Yanrui Hao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Borong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Yingfei Hui
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Henglong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Wu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
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Bosu S, Rajamohan N, Sagadevan S, Raut N. Biomass derived green carbon dots for sensing applications of effective detection of metallic contaminants in the environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140471. [PMID: 37871875 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The rapid consumption of metals and unorganized disposal have led to unprecedented increases in heavy metal ion concentrations in the ecosystem, which disrupts environmental homeostasis and results in agricultural biodiversity loss. Mitigation and remediation plans for heavy metal pollution are largely dependent on the discovery of cost-effective, biocompatible, specific, and robust detectors because conventional methods involve sophisticated electronics and sample preparation procedures. Carbon dots (CDs) have gained significant importance in sensing applications related to environmental sustainability. Fluorescence sensor applications have been enhanced by their distinctive spectral properties and the potential for developing efficient photonic devices. With the recent development of biomass-functionalized carbon dots, a wide spectrum of multivalent and bivalent transition metal ions responsible for water quality degradation can be detected with high efficiency and minimal toxicity. This review explores the various methods of manufacturing carbon dots and the biochemical mechanisms involved in metal detection using green carbon dots for sensing applications involving Cu (II), Fe (III), Hg (II), and Cr (VI) ions in aqueous systems. A detailed discussion of practical challenges and future recommendations is presented to identify feasible design routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrajit Bosu
- Chemical Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar, P C-311, Oman
| | - Natarajan Rajamohan
- Chemical Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar, P C-311, Oman.
| | - Suresh Sagadevan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nitin Raut
- Chemical Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar, P C-311, Oman
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Sahana S, Gautam A, Singh R, Chandel S. A recent update on development, synthesis methods, properties and application of natural products derived carbon dots. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:51. [PMID: 37953431 PMCID: PMC10641086 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00415-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural resources are practically infinitely abundant in nature, which stimulates scientists to create new materials with inventive uses and minimal environmental impact. Due to the various benefits of natural carbon dots (NCDs) from them has received a lot of attention recently. Natural products-derived carbon dots have recently emerged as a highly promising class of nanomaterials, showcasing exceptional properties and eco-friendly nature, which make them appealing for diverse applications in various fields such as biomedical, environmental sensing and monitoring, energy storage and conversion, optoelectronics and photonics, agriculture, quantum computing, nanomedicine and cancer therapy. Characterization techniques such as Photoinduced electron transfer, Aggregation-Induced-Emission (AIE), Absorbance, Fluorescence in UV-Vis and NIR Regions play crucial roles in understanding the structural and optical properties of Carbon dots (CDs). The exceptional photoluminescence properties exhibited by CDs derived from natural products have paved the way for applications in tissue engineering, cancer treatment, bioimaging, sensing, drug delivery, photocatalysis, and promising remarkable advancements in these fields. In this review, we summarized the various synthesis methods, physical and optical properties, applications, challenges, future prospects of natural products-derived carbon dots etc. In this expanding sector, the difficulties and prospects for NCD-based materials research will also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Sahana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal-Kalan, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Anupam Gautam
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School "From Molecules to Organisms", Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence: EXC 2124: Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rajveer Singh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal-Kalan, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
| | - Shivani Chandel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal-Kalan, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
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Mandal T, Mishra SR, Singh V. Comprehensive advances in the synthesis, fluorescence mechanism and multifunctional applications of red-emitting carbon nanomaterials. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:5717-5765. [PMID: 37881704 PMCID: PMC10597556 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00447c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Red emitting fluorescent carbon nanomaterials have drawn significant scientific interest in recent years due to their high quantum yield, water-dispersibility, photostability, biocompatibility, ease of surface functionalization, low cost and eco-friendliness. The red emissive characteristics of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials generally depend on the carbon source, reaction time, synthetic approach/methodology, surface functional groups, average size, and other reaction environments, which directly or indirectly help to achieve red emission. The importance of several factors to achieve red fluorescent carbon nanomaterials is highlighted in this review. Numerous plausible theories have been explained in detail to understand the origin of red fluorescence and tunable emission in these carbon-based nanostructures. The above advantages and fluorescence in the red region make them a potential candidate for multifunctional applications in various current fields. Therefore, this review focused on the recent advances in the synthesis approach, mechanism of fluorescence, and electronic and optical properties of red-emitting fluorescent carbon nanomaterials. This review also explains the several innovative applications of red-emitting fluorescent carbon nanomaterials such as biomedicine, light-emitting devices, sensing, photocatalysis, energy, anticounterfeiting, fluorescent silk, artificial photosynthesis, etc. It is hoped that by choosing appropriate methods, the present review can inspire and guide future research on the design of red emissive fluorescent carbon nanomaterials for potential advancements in multifunctional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Mandal
- Environment Emission and CRM Section, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research Dhanbad Jharkhand 828108 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201 002 India
| | - Shiv Rag Mishra
- Environment Emission and CRM Section, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research Dhanbad Jharkhand 828108 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201 002 India
| | - Vikram Singh
- Environment Emission and CRM Section, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research Dhanbad Jharkhand 828108 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201 002 India
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