Synthesis of Ag-Cu-Ni Nanoparticles Stabilized on Functionalized g-C3N4 and Investigation of Its Catalytic Activity in the A3-Coupling Reaction

Eco-friendly and sustainable basil seed hydrogel-loaded copper hydroxide-based catalyst for the synthesis of propargylamines and tetrazoles

The broad use of propargyl amines and tetrazoles in pharmaceutical applications presents a well-established challenge. Their synthesis relies heavily on catalysis, which, in turn, has been hindered by the scarcity of stable and practical catalysts. In response to this issue, we have developed an environmentally friendly and sustainable catalyst by infusing copper hydroxide into basil seed hydrogel (Cu(OH)2-BSH), creating a 3D nanoreactor support structure. To verify the structural, physical, chemical, and morphological properties of the prepared samples, a comprehensive analysis using various techniques, including FT-IR, EDX, FE-SEM, TEM, XRD, BET, TGA, and XPS, were conducted. The results not only confirmed the presence of Cu(OH)2 but also revealed a porous structure, facilitating faster diffusion and providing a substantial number of active sites. This catalyst boasts a high surface area and can be easily recovered, making it a cost-effective, safe, and readily available option. This catalyst was applied to the synthesis of propargyl amines and tetrazoles through multi-component reactions (MCRs), achieving excellent results under mild conditions and in a remarkably short timeframe. Consequently, this work offers a straightforward and practical approach for designing and synthesizing metal hydroxides and 3D hydrogels for use in heterogeneous catalysis during organic syntheses. This can be achieved using basic and affordable starting materials at the molecular level.

Silver Natural Asphalt Sulfonate (NA-SO3Ag): Fabrication and Utilization as a New Heterogeneous, Carbonaceous, and Retrievable Nanocatalyst for C(sp2)-X (X = C, S, and Se) Bond Formation

Silver-based catalysts are valuable catalysts in various areas of the chemical industry, organic syntheses, and transformations, and from a chemical and industrial point of view, their recycling is very important. Herein, silver natural asphalt sulfonate (NA-SO3Ag) was fabricated via the grafting of Ag(I) on the surface of the solid natural asphalt sulfonate as a novel and efficient recoverable sliver nanocatalyst. Natural asphalt is one of the hydrocarbons that are found in mineral veins. The structure of NA-SO3Ag was characterized by diverse microscopic and spectroscopic techniques including Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) techniques. The NA-SO3Ag nanocatalyst was utilized for C-Se and C-S bond formation via coupling reactions of aryl halides and organic disulfides/diselenides to afford a wide variety of diaryl sulfides/selenides in good to excellent yields. Additionally, the utilization of NA-SO3Ag in C-C bond formation was examined in Suzuki coupling reactions successfully. For at least 6 trials, this heterogeneous catalyst can be separated and reused without any activity reduction.