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Ibrahim M, Halim SA, Latif A, Ahmad M, Ali S, Ullah S, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A, Ali M. Synthesis, biochemical and computational evaluations of novel bis-acylhydrazones of 2,2'-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diylbis(oxy))di(acetohydrazide) as dual cholinesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107144. [PMID: 38281382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
A series of twenty-seven bis(acylhydrazones) were successfully synthesized with high yields through a multistep process, which entailed the esterification of hydroxyl groups, hydrazination with an excess of hydrazine hydrate, and subsequent reactions with various carbonyl moieties (aldehydes). In the final stage of synthesis, different chemical species including aromatic, heterocyclic, and aliphatic compounds were integrated into the framework. The resulting compounds were characterized using several spectroscopic techniques (1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry). Their anticholinesterase activities were assessed in vitro by examining their interactions with two cholinesterase enzymes: acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Among the synthesized hits, compounds 3, 5, 6, 9-12, and 14 exhibited good to moderate inhibition of AChE. Specifically, 10 (IC50 = 26.3 ± 0.4 μM) and 11 (IC50 = 28.4 ± 0.5 μM) showed good inhibitory activity against AChE, while 9, 12, 3, and 6 exhibited significant inhibition potential against AChE with IC50 values ranging from 35.2 ± 1.1 μM to 64.4 ± 0.3 μM. On the other hand, 5 (IC50 = 22.0 ± 1.1 μM) and 27 (IC50 = 31.3 ± 1.3 μM) displayed significant, and 19 (IC50 = 92.6 ± 0.4 μM) showed moderate inhibitory potential for BChE. Notably, 5 and 27 exhibited dual inhibition of AChE and BChE, with greater potency than the standard drug galantamine. The binding patterns of these molecules within the binding cavities of AChE and BChE were anticipated by molecular docking which showed good correlation with our in vitro findings. Further structural optimization of these molecules may yield more potent AChE and BChE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Abdul Latif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Manzoor Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Samee Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Mumtaz Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Gul S, Jan F, Alam A, Shakoor A, Khan A, AlAsmari AF, Alasmari F, Khan M, Bo L. Synthesis, molecular docking and DFT analysis of novel bis-Schiff base derivatives with thiobarbituric acid for α-glucosidase inhibition assessment. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3419. [PMID: 38341468 PMCID: PMC10858901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A library of novel bis-Schiff base derivatives based on thiobarbituric acid has been effectively synthesized by multi-step reactions as part of our ongoing pursuit of novel anti-diabetic agents. All these derivatives were subjected to in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory potential testing after structural confirmation by modern spectroscopic techniques. Among them, compound 8 (IC50 = 0.10 ± 0.05 µM), and 9 (IC50 = 0.13 ± 0.03 µM) exhibited promising inhibitory activity better than the standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 0.27 ± 0.04 µM). Similarly, derivatives (5, 6, 7, 10 and 4) showed significant to good inhibitory activity in the range of IC50 values from 0.32 ± 0.03 to 0.52 ± 0.02 µM. These derivatives were docked with the target protein to elucidate their binding affinities and key interactions, providing additional insights into their inhibitory mechanisms. The chemical nature of these compounds were reveal by performing the density functional theory (DFT) calculation using hybrid B3LYP functional with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The presence of intramolecular H-bonding was explored by DFT-d3 and reduced density gradient (RGD) analysis. Furthermore, various reactivity parameters were explored by performing TD-DFT at CAM-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Jan
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chineses Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, P.O. Box 18800, Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Shakoor
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, PO Box 33, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Abdullah F AlAsmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Momin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Li Bo
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, 110034, China.
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