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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Zhu P. The Foreseeable Future of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: Advanced Upcycling for Toxic Electrolyte, Cathode, and Anode from Environmental and Technological Perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13270-13291. [PMID: 37610371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
With the rise of the new energy vehicle industry represented by Tesla and BYD, the need for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) grows rapidly. However, owing to the limited service life of LIBs, the large-scale retirement tide of LIBs has come. The recycling of spent LIBs has become an inevitable trend of resource recovery, environmental protection, and social demand. The low added value recovery of previous LIBs mostly used traditional metal extraction, which caused environmental damage and had high cost. Beyond metal extraction, the upcycling of spent LIBs came into being. In this work, we have outlined and particularly focus on sustainable upcycling technologies of toxic electrolyte, cathode, and anode from spent LIBs. For electrolyte, whether electrolyte extraction or decomposition, restoring the original electrolyte components or decomposing them into low-carbon energy conversion is the goal of electrolyte upcycling. Direct regeneration and preparation of advanced materials are the best strategies for cathodic upcycling with the advantages of cost and energy consumption, but challenges remain in industrial practice. The regeneration of advanced graphite-based materials and battery-grade graphite shows us the prospect of regeneration of anode. Furthermore, the challenges and future development of spent LIBs upcycling are summarized and discussed from technological and environmental perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingen Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhenming Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Zheng M, Wang J, Fu D, Ren B, Song X, Kan K, Zhang X. Anchored growth of highly dispersed LDHs nanosheets on expanded graphite for fluoride adsorption properties and mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130068. [PMID: 36303341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new composite with layered double hydroxides (LDHs) anchored grown on expanded graphite (EG) interlayers was prepared by vacuum-assisted intercalation and hydrothermal method. Both sides of EG were completely covered by highly dispersed LDHs nanosheets and formed a sandwich-like structure. The unique structure made expanded graphite/layered double hydroxides (EG/LDHs) composites which had excellent F- adsorption performance. The adsorption performance of F- on EG/LDHs was evaluated, and the results indicated that the adsorption process was consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model indicated that the adsorption sites were the main factor in the adsorption process. Moreover, the maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) reached 63.21 mg·g-1 at 30 min at room temperature, which was better than most of the same type of adsorbents. The highly dispersed of LDHs anchored growth on EG overcame the disadvantage of aggregation, which exposed more adsorption sites and improved the removal efficiency of F-. In addition, the effects of pH, anion interference, different water quality, and regeneration tests on the EG/LDHs composites were also analyzed, showing that the composites have good stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zheng
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Advanced Technology, Harbin 150020, PR China
| | - Jue Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Advanced Technology, Harbin 150020, PR China
| | - Dong Fu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Advanced Technology, Harbin 150020, PR China
| | - Binqiao Ren
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Advanced Technology, Harbin 150020, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Song
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Advanced Technology, Harbin 150020, PR China
| | - Kan Kan
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Advanced Technology, Harbin 150020, PR China.
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Advanced Technology, Harbin 150020, PR China.
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Yi C, Zhou L, Wu X, Sun W, Yi L, Yang Y. Technology for recycling and regenerating graphite from spent lithium-ion batteries. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Samaraweera H, Sharp A, Edwards J, Pittman CU, Zhang X, Hassan EB, Thirumalai RVKG, Warren S, Reid C, Mlsna T. Lignite, thermally-modified and Ca/Mg-modified lignite for phosphate remediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145631. [PMID: 33940740 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous phosphate uptake is needed to reduce global eutrophication. Negatively charged adsorbent surfaces usually give poor phosphate sorption. Chemically- and thermally-modified lignite (CTL) was prepared by impregnating low-cost lignite (RL) with Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations, basified with KOH (pH ̴ 13.9), followed by a 1 h 600 °C pyrolysis under nitrogen. CTL has a positive surface (PZC = 13) due to basic surface Ca and Mg compounds, facilitating the aqueous phosphate uptake. CaCO3, MgO, Ca(OH)2, and Mg(OH)2 surface phases with 0.22 μm particle sizes were verified by XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, and EDX before and after phosphate uptake. Higher amounts of these mineral phases promoted more CTL phosphate uptake than raw lignite (RL) and thermally treated lignite (TL) without Ca/Mg modification. Phosphorous uptake by Ca2+/Mg2+ occurs not by classic adsorption but by stochiometric precipitation of Mg3(PO4)2, MgHPO4, Ca3(PO4)2, and CaHPO4. This offers the potential of substantial uptake capacities. CTL's phosphate removal is pH-dependent; the optimum pH was 2.2. Water-washed CTL exhibited a maximum Langmuir phosphate uptake capacity of 15.5 mg/g at pH 7, 6 and 14 times higher than that of TL and RL, respectively (particle size <150 μm, adsorbent dose 50 mg, 25 mL of 25-1000 ppm phosphate concentration, 24 h, 25 °C). The unwashed CTL exhibited a maximum Langmuir phosphate removal capacity (80.6 mg/g), 5.2-times greater than the washed CTL (15.5 mg/g). Insoluble Ca2+ and Mg2+ phosphates/hydrophosphate particles dominated CTL's phosphate removal. Phosphates were recovered from both exhausted unwashed and washed CTL better in HCl than in NaOH. P-laden washed CTL exhibited a slow phosphate leaching rate under initial pH of 6.5-7.5 (52-57% over 20 days) after phosphate uptake, indicating it could serve as a slow-release fertilizer. Unwashed CTL retained more phosphates than washed CTL (cumulative qe for 4 cycles = 391.8 mg/g vs 374.7 mg/g) and potentially improves soil fertility more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasara Samaraweera
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Abigail Sharp
- Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Charles U Pittman
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Department of Sustainable Bioproducts, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - El Barbary Hassan
- Department of Sustainable Bioproducts, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | | | - Sita Warren
- Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Claudia Reid
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Todd Mlsna
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
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Almanassra IW, Kochkodan V, Mckay G, Atieh MA, Al-Ansari T. Review of phosphate removal from water by carbonaceous sorbents. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 287:112245. [PMID: 33735679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, phosphate is considered the main cause of eutrophication and has received substantial attention from the scientific community. Phosphate is a major pollutant that deteriorates water quality, which has been increasing in water resources, primarily due to the increasing global population and corresponding activities. Adsorption technology is amongst the different technologies used to decrease the phosphate levels in water, and has been found to be highly effective even at low phosphate concentrations. Carbonaceous materials and their composites have been widely used for phosphate removal due to their exceptional surface properties and high phosphate sorption capacity. Considering the importance of the topic, this study reviews the reported literature in the field of adsorptive removal of phosphate over various carbon-based adsorbents such as activated carbon, charcoal, graphene, graphene oxide, graphite and carbon nanotubes. Moreover, insights into the adsorption behaviour, experimental parameters, mechanisms, thermodynamics, effect of coexisting ions and the possible desorption processes of phosphate onto modified and unmodified carbonaceous adsorbents are also considered. Finally, research challenges and gaps have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail W Almanassra
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Viktor Kochkodan
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, PO Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Gordon Mckay
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muataz Ali Atieh
- College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Desalination Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tareq Al-Ansari
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar; Division of Engineering Management and Decision Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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Deng L, Zhang D, Kong Z, He L, Guan Q, Ning P. Strong Immobilization of Phosphate in Wastewater onto the Surface of MgO-Modified Industrial Hemp-Stem-Driven Biochar by Flowerlike Crystallization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Deng
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Dehua Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Zhaoni Kong
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Liang He
- Biomass Chem Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Qingqing Guan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
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Yang F, Zhang S, Sun Y, Tsang DCW, Cheng K, Ok YS. Assembling biochar with various layered double hydroxides for enhancement of phosphorus recovery. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 365:665-673. [PMID: 30472452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient and cost-effective adsorbents for phosphate (P) recovery are the key to control eutrophication and recover phosphorus from waste streams to enhance food production. This study assembled corn stalk-derived biochar (BC) with various forms of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) (B-M-LDH) through simultaneous pyrolysis of waste biomass and metal (i.e., Zn/Al, Mg/Al, and Ni/Fe) hydroxide precipitates. Batch sorption experiments evaluated the kinetics and isotherms of phosphate adsorption as well as the influence of pH value and co-existing anions. Morphological characterization showed that crystalline LDH flakes were impregnated within the framework of fabricated B-M-LDH composites. Superior P adsorption capacity (152.1 mg (P) g-1) and fast Elovich kinetics (5925 mg g-1 h-1) could be achieved by the B-Zn/Al-LDH composite at pH 5. The P adsorption onto BC-LDHs was pH dependent and subjected to adverse influence of co-existing anions. Interlayer anion exchange and surface complexation were probably the predominant adsorption mechanisms at the studied phosphate concentration. Therefore, BC can be functionalized as mineral composites for enhancing P recovery and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Shuaishuai Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Li L, Zhang X, Li M, Chen R, Wu F, Amine K, Lu J. The Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: a Review of Current Processes and Technologies. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-018-0012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Zhang X, Li L, Fan E, Xue Q, Bian Y, Wu F, Chen R. Toward sustainable and systematic recycling of spent rechargeable batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7239-7302. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00297e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive and novel view on battery recycling is provided in terms of the science and technology, engineering, and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Ersha Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Qing Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Yifan Bian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Feng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Renjie Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
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