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Ochs M, Jucker L, Rödel M, Emmerling M, Kullock R, Pflaum J, Mayor M, Hecht B. Site-selective functionalization of in-plane nanoelectrode-antennas. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5249-5256. [PMID: 36794456 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06343c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stacked organic optoelectronic devices make use of electrode materials with different work functions, leading to efficient large area light emission. In contrast, lateral electrode arrangements offer the possibility to be shaped as resonant optical antennas, radiating light from subwavelength volumes. However, tailoring electronic interface properties of laterally arranged electrodes with nanoscale gaps - to e.g. optimize charge-carrier injection - is rather challenging, yet crucial for further development of highly efficient nanolight sources. Here, we demonstrate site-selective functionalization of laterally arranged micro- and nanoelectrodes by means of different self-assembled monolayers. Upon applying an electric potential across nanoscale gaps, surface-bound molecules are removed selectively from specific electrodes by oxidative desorption. Kelvin-probe force microscopy as well as photoluminescence measurements are employed to verify the success of our approach. Moreover, we obtain asymmetric current-voltage characteristics for metal-organic devices in which just one of the electrodes is coated with 1-octadecanethiol; further demonstrating the potential to tune interface properties of nanoscale objects. Our technique paves the way for laterally arranged optoelectronic devices based on selectively engineered nanoscale interfaces and in principle enables molecular assembly with defined orientation in metallic nano-gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Ochs
- NanoOptics & Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Laurent Jucker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Maximilian Rödel
- Experimental Physics 6, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Monika Emmerling
- NanoOptics & Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - René Kullock
- NanoOptics & Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Jens Pflaum
- Experimental Physics 6, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Bert Hecht
- NanoOptics & Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Parkula V, Berto M, Diacci C, Patrahau B, Di Lauro M, Kovtun A, Liscio A, Sensi M, Samorì P, Greco P, Bortolotti CA, Biscarini F. Harnessing Selectivity and Sensitivity in Electronic Biosensing: A Novel Lab-on-Chip Multigate Organic Transistor. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9330-9337. [PMID: 32483968 PMCID: PMC8007075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Electrolyte gated organic transistors can operate as powerful ultrasensitive biosensors, and efforts are currently devoted to devising strategies for reducing the contribution of hardly avoidable, nonspecific interactions to their response, to ultimately harness selectivity in the detection process. We report a novel lab-on-a-chip device integrating a multigate electrolyte gated organic field-effect transistor (EGOFET) with a 6.5 μL microfluidics set up capable to provide an assessment of both the response reproducibility, by enabling measurement in triplicate, and of the device selectivity through the presence of an internal reference electrode. As proof-of-concept, we demonstrate the efficient operation of our pentacene based EGOFET sensing platform through the quantification of tumor necrosis factor alpha with a detection limit as low as 3 pM. Sensing of inflammatory cytokines, which also include TNFα, is of the outmost importance for monitoring a large number of diseases. The multiplexable organic electronic lab-on-chip provides a statistically solid, reliable, and selective response on microliters sample volumes on the minutes time scale, thus matching the relevant key-performance indicators required in point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy Parkula
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.,Scriba Nanotecnologie S.r.l., Via di Corticella 1838, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Berto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Diacci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.,Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Bianca Patrahau
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.,University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 70068, Alleé Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michele Di Lauro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.,Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Kovtun
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Liscio
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Matteo Sensi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 70068, Alleé Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierpaolo Greco
- Scriba Nanotecnologie S.r.l., Via di Corticella 1838, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo A Bortolotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Biscarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.,Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Rockson TK, Baek S, Jang H, Choi G, Oh S, Kim J, Cho H, Kim SH, Lee HS. Engineering Asymmetric Charge Injection/Extraction to Optimize Organic Transistor Performances. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:10108-10117. [PMID: 30784260 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of an appropriate functionality on the electrode/active layer interface has been found to be an efficient methodology to enhance the electrical performances of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Herein, we efficiently optimized the charge injection/extraction characteristics of source/drain (S/D) electrodes by applying an asymmetric functionalization at each individual electrode/organic semiconductor (OSC) interface. To further clarify the functionalizing effects of the electrode/OSC interface, we systematically designed five different OFETs: one with pristine S/D electrodes (denoted as pristine S/D) and the remaining ones made by symmetrically or asymmetrically functionalizing the S/D electrodes with up to two different self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) based on thiolated molecules, the strongly electron-donating thiophenol (TP) and electron-withdrawing 2,3,4,5-pentafluorobenzenethiol (PFBT). Both the S and D electrodes were functionalized with TP (denoted as TP-S/D) in one of the two symmetric cases and with PFBT in the other (PFBT-S/D). In each of the two asymmetric cases, one of the S/D electrodes was functionalized with TP and the other with PFBT (to produce PFBT-S/TP-D and TP-S/PFBT-D OFETs). The vapor-deposited p-type dinaphtho[2,3- b:2',3'- f]thieno[3,2- b]thiophene was used as the OSC active layer. The PFBT-S/TP-D case exhibited a field-effect mobility (μFET) of 0.86 ± 0.23 cm2 V-1 s-1, about three times better than that of the pristine S/D case (0.31 ± 0.12 cm2 V-1 s-1). On the other hand, the μFET of the TP-S/PFBT-D case (0.18 ± 0.10 cm2 V-1 s-1) was significantly lower than that of the pristine case and even lower than those of the TP-S/D (0.23 ± 0.07 cm2 V-1 s-1) and PFBT-S/D (0.58 ± 0.19 cm2 V-1 s-1) cases. These results were clearly correlated with the additional hole density, surface potential, and effective work function. In addition, the contact resistance ( RC) for the asymmetric PFBT-S/TP-D case was 10-fold less than that for the TP-S/PFBT-D case and more than five times lower than that for the pristine case. The results contribute a meaningful step forward in improving the electrical performances of various organic electronics such as OFETs, inverters, solar cells, and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonnah Kwesi Rockson
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering , Hanbat National University , Daejeon 34158 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seolhee Baek
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering , Hanbat National University , Daejeon 34158 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hayeong Jang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering , Hanbat National University , Daejeon 34158 , Republic of Korea
| | - Giheon Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering , Hanbat National University , Daejeon 34158 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seungtaek Oh
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering , Hanbat National University , Daejeon 34158 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehan Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering , Hanbat National University , Daejeon 34158 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Cho
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering , Hanbat National University , Daejeon 34158 , Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan 38541 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Sung Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering , Hanbat National University , Daejeon 34158 , Republic of Korea
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