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Abstract
Mismanagement, pollution and excessive use have depleted the world’s water resources, producing a shortage that in some territories is extreme. In this context, the need for potable water prompts the development of new and more efficient wastewater treatment systems to overcome shortages by recovering and reusing contaminated water. Among the water treatment methods, membrane technology is considered one of the most promising. Besides, photocatalytic degradation has become an attractive and efficient technology for water and wastewater treatment. However, the use of unsupported catalysts has as its main impediment their separation from the water once treated. With this, providing the membranes with this photocatalyzed degradation capacity can improve the application of photocatalysts, since in many cases their application improves their recovery and reuse. This review describes the general photocatalytic processes of the main inorganic nanoparticles used as fillers in hybrid polymeric membranes. In addition, the most recent hybrid organic–inorganic membranes are reviewed. Finally, the membranes formed by metal–organic frameworks that can be considered one of the newest and most versatile developments are described.
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Liu A, Ma D, Qian Y, Li J, Zhai S, Wang Y, Chen C. A powerful azomethine ylide route mediated by TiO 2 photocatalysis for the preparation of polysubstituted imidazolidines. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2192-2197. [PMID: 33625413 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02277b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lewis- and Brønsted-acid catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between azomethine ylides and unsaturated compounds is an important strategy to construct five-membered N-heterocycles. However, such a catalytic route usually demands substrates with an electron-withdrawing group (EWG) to facilitate the reactivity. Herein, we report a TiO2 photocatalysis strategy that can conveniently prepare five-membered N-heterocyclic imidazolidines from a common imine (N-benzylidenebenzylamine) and alcohols along the route of 1,3-dipolaron azomethine ylide but without pre-installed EWG substituents on the substrates. Our EPR results uncovered the previously unknown mutual interdependence between an azomethine ylide and TiO2 photo-induced hvb+/ecb- pair. This transformation exhibited a broad scope with 21 successful examples and could be scaled up to the gram level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan Liu
- Basic Experimental Centre for Natural Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China and School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dongge Ma
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Yuhang Qian
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Jundan Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Shan Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, China
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Japa M, Tantraviwat D, Phasayavan W, Nattestad A, Chen J, Inceesungvorn B. Simple preparation of nitrogen-doped TiO2 and its performance in selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol and benzylamine under visible light. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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4
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Ma D, Li J, Liu A, Chen C. Carbon Gels-Modified TiO 2: Promising Materials for Photocatalysis Applications. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13071734. [PMID: 32276332 PMCID: PMC7178632 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbon gels are a kind of porous organic polymer, which play pivotal roles in electrode, supercapacitor, hydrogen storage, and catalysis. Carbon gels are commonly prepared by the condensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde. The as-prepared polymers are further aged and sintered at a high temperature in an inert atmosphere to form cross-linked and intertwined porous structures. Owing to its large specific area and narrow pore size distribution, this kind of material is very appropriate for mass transfer, substrate absorption, and product desorption from the pores. In recent years, carbon gels have been discovered to function as effective hybrid materials with TiO2 for photocatalytic applications. They could act as efficient deep-traps for photo-induced holes, which decreases the recombination probability of photo-induced carriers and lengthens their lifetime. In this mini-review, we will discuss the state-of-the-art paragon examples of carbon gels/TiO2 composite materials applied in photo(electro)catalysis. The major challenges and gaps of its application in this field will also be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongge Ma
- School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-68985573
| | - Jundan Li
- School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Anan Liu
- Basic Experimental Center for Natural Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
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5
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Li J, Liu A, Wang Y, Zhai S, Ma D, Chen C. Noble-metal-free TiO 2 photocatalysis for selective CC reduction of α,β-enones by CF 3SO 3H modification. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00596g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The highly selective CC reduction of α,β-enones was realized by CF3SO3H-modifying noble-metal-free TiO2 photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jundan Li
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Anan Liu
- Basic Experimental Center for Natural Science
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing
- P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Shan Zhai
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Dongge Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
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6
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Ma D, Zhai S, Wang Y, Liu A, Chen C. Synthetic Approaches for C-N Bonds by TiO 2 Photocatalysis. Front Chem 2019; 7:635. [PMID: 31620428 PMCID: PMC6759479 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing organic compounds possess the most important status in drug molecules and agricultural chemicals. More than 80% currently used drugs have at least a C-N bond. The green and mild methodology to prepare diverse C-N bonds to replace traditional harsh preparation protocols is always a hotspot in modern synthetic chemistry. TiO2-based nanomaterials, considered as environmentally benign, stable, and powerful photocatalysts, have recently been applied in some certain challenging organic synthesis including construction of useful C-N compounds under mild conditions that are impossible to complete by conventional catalysis. This mini review would present state-of-the-art paragon examples of TiO2 photocatalyzed C-N bond formations. The discussion would be divided into two main sections: (1) N-alkylation of amines and (2) C-N formation in heterocycle synthesis. Especially, the mechanism of TiO2 photocatalytic C-N bond formation through activating alcohol into C=O by photo-induced hole followed by C=NH-R formation and finally hydrogenating C=NH-R into C-N bonds by combination of photo-induced electron/H+ assisted with loaded-Pt would be covered in detail. We believe that the mini-review will bring new insights into TiO2 photocatalysis applied to construct challenging organic compounds through enabling photo-induced hole and electron in a concerted way on coupling two substrate molecules together with respect to their conventionally independent catalysis behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongge Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light Industry, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light Industry, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light Industry, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Anan Liu
- Basic Experimental Center for Natural Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Enhanced photocatalytic reduction of CO2 by fabricating In2O3/CeO2/HATP hybrid multi-junction photocatalyst. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Dai Y, Ren P, Li Y, Lv D, Shen Y, Li Y, Niemantsverdriet H, Besenbacher F, Xiang H, Hao W, Lock N, Wen X, Lewis JP, Su R. Solid Base Bi24O31Br10(OH)δwith Active Lattice Oxygen for the Efficient Photo‐Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6265-6270. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Dai
- SynCat@BeijingSynfuels China Technology Co. Ltd. Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou District Beijing 101407 China
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO)Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Pengju Ren
- SynCat@BeijingSynfuels China Technology Co. Ltd. Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou District Beijing 101407 China
| | - Yaru Li
- SynCat@BeijingSynfuels China Technology Co. Ltd. Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou District Beijing 101407 China
| | - Dongdong Lv
- SynCat@DIFFERSyngaschem BV 6336 HH Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Yanbin Shen
- SynCat@BeijingSynfuels China Technology Co. Ltd. Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou District Beijing 101407 China
| | - Yongwang Li
- SynCat@BeijingSynfuels China Technology Co. Ltd. Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou District Beijing 101407 China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal ConversionInstitute of Coal Chemistry, CAS Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Hans Niemantsverdriet
- SynCat@BeijingSynfuels China Technology Co. Ltd. Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou District Beijing 101407 China
- SynCat@DIFFERSyngaschem BV 6336 HH Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Flemming Besenbacher
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO)Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Hongwei Xiang
- SynCat@BeijingSynfuels China Technology Co. Ltd. Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou District Beijing 101407 China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal ConversionInstitute of Coal Chemistry, CAS Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Weichang Hao
- Center of Materials Physics & ChemistryDepartment of PhysicsBeihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Nina Lock
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO)Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- SynCat@BeijingSynfuels China Technology Co. Ltd. Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou District Beijing 101407 China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal ConversionInstitute of Coal Chemistry, CAS Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - James P. Lewis
- State Key Laboratory of Coal ConversionInstitute of Coal Chemistry, CAS Taiyuan 030001 China
- Department of Physics and AstronomyWest Virginia University Morgantown WV 26506-6315 USA
| | - Ren Su
- SynCat@BeijingSynfuels China Technology Co. Ltd. Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou District Beijing 101407 China
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Zhao G, Busser GW, Froese C, Hu B, Bonke SA, Schnegg A, Ai Y, Wei D, Wang X, Peng B, Muhler M. Anaerobic Alcohol Conversion to Carbonyl Compounds over Nanoscaled Rh-Doped SrTiO 3 under Visible Light. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2075-2080. [PMID: 30973724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds on semiconductors provides a mild approach for organic synthesis and solar energy utilization. Herein, we identify the key points for the photocatalytic oxidation over Pt-loaded Rh-doped strontium titanate allowing the conversion of alcohols efficiently and selectively to aldehydes and ketones under anaerobic conditions and visible light with an apparent quantum efficiency of pure benzyl alcohol oxidation at 420 nm of ≤49.5%. Mechanistic investigations suggest that thermodynamically the controlled valence band edge position via Rh doping provides a suitable oxidation ability of photogenerated holes, avoiding the powerful hydroxyl radical intermediates prone to overoxidation resulting in high selectivity. Kinetically, oxygen vacancies induced by Rh3+ substitution in the SrTiO3 lattice not only favor the dissociative adsorption of alcohols yielding alkoxy species but also induce the weakening of the α-C-H bond facilitating its cleavage by the photogenerated holes. Pt nanoparticles deposited as a cocatalyst contribute to the final hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixia Zhao
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - G Wilma Busser
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Christian Froese
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , 44780 Bochum , Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Bin Hu
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , 44780 Bochum , Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Shannon A Bonke
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Alexander Schnegg
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Yuejie Ai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering , North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206 , P. R. China
| | - Dongli Wei
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering , North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206 , P. R. China
| | - Xiangke Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering , North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206 , P. R. China
| | - Baoxiang Peng
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , 44780 Bochum , Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Martin Muhler
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , 44780 Bochum , Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
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10
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Dai Y, Ren P, Li Y, Lv D, Shen Y, Li Y, Niemantsverdriet H, Besenbacher F, Xiang H, Hao W, Lock N, Wen X, Lewis JP, Su R. Solid Base Bi24O31Br10(OH)δwith Active Lattice Oxygen for the Efficient Photo‐Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Dai
- SynCat@BeijingSynfuels China Technology Co. Ltd. Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou District Beijing 101407 China
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO)Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Pengju Ren
- SynCat@BeijingSynfuels China Technology Co. Ltd. Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou District Beijing 101407 China
| | - Yaru Li
- SynCat@BeijingSynfuels China Technology Co. Ltd. Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou District Beijing 101407 China
| | - Dongdong Lv
- SynCat@DIFFERSyngaschem BV 6336 HH Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Yanbin Shen
- SynCat@BeijingSynfuels China Technology Co. Ltd. Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou District Beijing 101407 China
| | - Yongwang Li
- SynCat@BeijingSynfuels China Technology Co. Ltd. Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou District Beijing 101407 China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal ConversionInstitute of Coal Chemistry, CAS Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Hans Niemantsverdriet
- SynCat@BeijingSynfuels China Technology Co. Ltd. Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou District Beijing 101407 China
- SynCat@DIFFERSyngaschem BV 6336 HH Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Flemming Besenbacher
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO)Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Hongwei Xiang
- SynCat@BeijingSynfuels China Technology Co. Ltd. Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou District Beijing 101407 China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal ConversionInstitute of Coal Chemistry, CAS Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Weichang Hao
- Center of Materials Physics & ChemistryDepartment of PhysicsBeihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Nina Lock
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO)Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- SynCat@BeijingSynfuels China Technology Co. Ltd. Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou District Beijing 101407 China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal ConversionInstitute of Coal Chemistry, CAS Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - James P. Lewis
- State Key Laboratory of Coal ConversionInstitute of Coal Chemistry, CAS Taiyuan 030001 China
- Department of Physics and AstronomyWest Virginia University Morgantown WV 26506-6315 USA
| | - Ren Su
- SynCat@BeijingSynfuels China Technology Co. Ltd. Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Yanqi Economic Development Zone C#, Huairou District Beijing 101407 China
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Ma D, Zhai S, Wang Y, Liu A, Chen C. TiO₂ Photocatalysis for Transfer Hydrogenation. Molecules 2019; 24:E330. [PMID: 30658472 PMCID: PMC6358817 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic transfer hydrogenation reactions, based on hydrogen sources other than gaseous H₂, are important processes that are preferential in both laboratories and factories. However, harsh conditions, such as high temperature, are usually required for most transition-metal catalytic and organocatalytic systems. Moreover, non-volatile hydrogen donors such as dihydropyridinedicarboxylate and formic acid are often required in these processes which increase the difficulty in separating products and lowered the whole atom economy. Recently, TiO₂ photocatalysis provides mild and facile access for transfer hydrogenation of C=C, C=O, N=O and C-X bonds by using volatile alcohols and amines as hydrogen sources. Upon light excitation, TiO₂ photo-induced holes have the ability to oxidatively take two hydrogen atoms off alcohols and amines under room temperature. Simultaneously, photo-induced conduction band electrons would combine with these two hydrogen atoms and smoothly hydrogenate multiple bonds and/or C-X bonds. It is heartening that practices and principles in the transfer hydrogenations of substrates containing C=C, C=O, N=O and C-X bond based on TiO₂ photocatalysis have overcome a lot of the traditional thermocatalysis' limitations and flaws which usually originate from high temperature operations. In this review, we will introduce the recent paragon examples of TiO₂ photocatalytic transfer hydrogenations used in (1) C=C and C≡C (2) C=O and C=N (3) N=O substrates and in-depth discuss basic principle, status, challenges and future directions of transfer hydrogenation mediated by TiO₂ photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongge Ma
- School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Shan Zhai
- School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Anan Liu
- Basic Experimental Center for Natural Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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Covalent Organic Frameworks: Promising Materials as Heterogeneous Catalysts for C-C Bond Formations. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8090404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are defined as highly porous and crystalline polymers, constructed and connected via covalent bonds, extending in two- or three-dimension. Compared with other porous materials such as zeolite and active carbon, the versatile and alternative constituent elements, chemical bonding types and characteristics of ordered skeleton and pore, enable the rising large family of COFs more available to diverse applications including gas separation and storage, optoelectronics, proton conduction, energy storage and in particular, catalysis. As the representative candidate of next-generation catalysis materials, because of their large surface area, accessible and size-tunable open nano-pores, COFs materials are suitable for incorporating external useful active ingredients such as ligands, complexes, even metal nanoparticles deposition and substrate diffusion. These advantages make it capable to catalyze a variety of useful organic reactions such as important C-C bond formations. By appropriate pore-engineering in COFs materials, even enantioselective asymmetric C-C bond formations could be realized with excellent yield and ee value in much shorter reaction time compared with their monomer and oligomer analogues. This review will mainly introduce and discuss the paragon examples of COFs materials for application in C-C bond formation reactions for the organic synthetic purpose.
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Abstract
Fulfilling the direct inert C–H bond functionalization of raw materials that are earth-abundant and commercially available for the synthesis of diverse targeted organic compounds is very desirable and its implementation would mean a great reduction of the synthetic steps required for substrate prefunctionalization such as halogenation, borylation, and metalation. Successful C–H bond functionalization mainly resorts to homogeneous transition-metal catalysis, albeit sometimes suffering from poor catalyst reusability, nontrivial separation, and severe biotoxicity. TiO2 photocatalysis displays multifaceted advantages, such as strong oxidizing ability, high chemical stability and photostability, excellent reusability, and low biotoxicity. The chemical reactions started and delivered by TiO2 photocatalysts are well known to be widely used in photocatalytic water-splitting, organic pollutant degradation, and dye-sensitized solar cells. Recently, TiO2 photocatalysis has been demonstrated to possess the unanticipated ability to trigger the transformation of inert C–H bonds for C–C, C–N, C–O, and C–X bond formation under ultraviolet light, sunlight, and even visible-light irradiation at room temperature. A few important organic products, traditionally synthesized in harsh reaction conditions and with specially functionalized group substrates, are continuously reported to be realized by TiO2 photocatalysis with simple starting materials under very mild conditions. This prominent advantage—the capability of utilizing cheap and readily available compounds for highly selective synthesis without prefunctionalized reactants such as organic halides, boronates, silanes, etc.—is attributed to the overwhelmingly powerful photo-induced hole reactivity of TiO2 photocatalysis, which does not require an elevated reaction temperature as in conventional transition-metal catalysis. Such a reaction mechanism, under typically mild conditions, is apparently different from traditional transition-metal catalysis and beyond our insights into the driving forces that transform the C–H bond for C–C bond coupling reactions. This review gives a summary of the recent progress of TiO2 photocatalytic C–H bond activation for C–C coupling reactions and discusses some model examples, especially under visible-light irradiation.
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Abstract
Synergistic utilization of TiO2-photo-generated holes and electrons is a potential protocol for catalytic C–C bond formation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongge Ma
- School of Science
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Anan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Shuhong Li
- School of Science
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Chichong Lu
- School of Science
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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15
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Meng S, Ning X, Chang S, Fu X, Ye X, Chen S. Simultaneous dehydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of aromatic alcohols in one reaction system via visible-light-driven heterogeneous photocatalysis. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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