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Kim J, Kadayat TM, Lee JE, Kwon S, Jung K, Hwang JS, Kwon OB, Kim YJ, Choi YK, Park KG, Hwang H, Cho SJ, Lee T, Jeon YH, Chin J. Discovery of the therapeutic potential of PPARδ agonist bearing 1,3,4- thiadiazole in inflammatory disorders. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 279:116856. [PMID: 39270454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
As a defense mechanism against deleterious stimuli, inflammation plays a vital role in the development of many disorders, including atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, septic and non-septic shock, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Despite the serious adverse effects of extended usage, traditional anti-inflammatory medications, such as steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs), are commonly used for alleviating symptoms of inflammation. The PPARδ subtype of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) has attracted interest because of its potential for reducing inflammation and related disorders. In this study, a series of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Compound 11 exhibited potent PPARδ agonistic activity with EC50 values 20 nM and strong selectivity over PPARα and PPARγ. Furthermore, compound 11 demonstrated favorable in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties. In vivo experiments using labeled macrophages and paw thickness measurements confirmed compound 11's potential to reduce macrophage infiltration and alleviate inflammation. These findings highlight compound 11 as a potent and promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of acute inflammatory diseases and warrant further investigation to explore various biological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Tara Man Kadayat
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Eon Lee
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sugyeong Kwon
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjin Jung
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Hwang
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Bin Kwon
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Kyung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Hwang
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taeho Lee
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungwook Chin
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea.
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Virendra SA, Kumar A, Chawla PA, Mamidi N. Development of Heterocyclic PPAR Ligands for Potential Therapeutic Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2139. [PMID: 36297575 PMCID: PMC9611956 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ) is a set of ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate different functions in the body. Whereas activation of PPARα is known to reduce the levels of circulating triglycerides and regulate energy homeostasis, the activation of PPARγ brings about insulin sensitization and increases the metabolism of glucose. On the other hand, PPARβ when activated increases the metabolism of fatty acids. Further, these PPARs have been claimed to be utilized in various metabolic, neurological, and inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, fertility or reproduction, pain, and obesity. A series of different heterocyclic scaffolds have been synthesized and evaluated for their ability to act as PPAR agonists. This review is a compilation of efforts on the part of medicinal chemists around the world to find novel compounds that may act as PPAR ligands along with patents in regards to PPAR ligands. The structure-activity relationship, as well as docking studies, have been documented to better understand the mechanistic investigations of various compounds, which will eventually aid in the design and development of new PPAR ligands. From the results of the structural activity relationship through the pharmacological and in silico evaluation the potency of heterocycles as PPAR ligands can be described in terms of their hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and other interactions with PPAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharma Arvind Virendra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Ankur Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja A. Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Narsimha Mamidi
- Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology, School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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Kadayat TM, Shrestha A, Jeon YH, An H, Kim J, Cho SJ, Chin J. Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Delta (PPARδ): A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10109-10134. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tara Man Kadayat
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Aarajana Shrestha
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongchan An
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwook Chin
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
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Saito M, Murakami S, Nanjo T, Kobayashi Y, Takemoto Y. Mild and Chemoselective Thioacylation of Amines Enabled by the Nucleophilic Activation of Elemental Sulfur. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8130-8135. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Sho Murakami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nanjo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiji Takemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Kim DS, Lee J, Londhe AM, Kadayat TM, Joo J, Hwang H, Kim KH, Pae AN, Chin J, Cho SJ, Kang H. Synthesis and evaluation of an orally available "Y"-shaped biaryl peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ agonist. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4382-4389. [PMID: 30054191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we designed and synthesized several novel "Y"-shaped biaryl PPARδ agonists. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies demonstrated that compound 3a was the most active agonist with an EC50 of 2.6 nM. We also synthesized and evaluated enantiospecific R and S isomers of compound 3a to confirm that R isomer (EC50 = 0.7 nM) shows much more potent activity than S isomer (EC50 = 6.1 nM). Molecular docking studies between the PPAR ligand binding domain and enantiospecific R and S isomers of compound 3a were performed. In vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) and in vivo PK profiles show that compound 3a possesses superior drug-like properties including good bioavailability. Our overall results clearly demonstrate that this orally administrable PPARδ agonist 3a is a viable drug candidate for the treatment of various PPARδ-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Su Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehwan Lee
- The Center for Marine Natural Products and Drug Discovery, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashwini M Londhe
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Tara Man Kadayat
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Joo
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Hwang
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwook Chin
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heonjoong Kang
- The Center for Marine Natural Products and Drug Discovery, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea.
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