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Dutta M, Banerjee S, Mandal M, Bhattacharjee M. A self-healable metallohydrogel for drug encapsulations and drug release. RSC Adv 2023; 13:15448-15456. [PMID: 37223407 PMCID: PMC10201648 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00930k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A self-healable metallohydrogel (MOG) of Mn(ii) has been prepared using a low molecular weight gelator, Na2HL {H3L = l-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-benzyl)amino aspartic acid}. The MOG has been characterized by MALDI TOF mass spectrometry, rheological studies, IR spectroscopy, and microscopic techniques. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), indomethacin (IND) and anti-cancer drug gemcitabine (GEM) were encapsulated into the metallohydrogel. The GEM-loaded metallogel (MOG_GEM) shows better delivery and more adverse cytotoxicity than the drug against breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-468 and 4T1. The anti-cancer property was evaluated with in vitro MTT cytotoxic assay, live-dead assay and cell migration assay. In vitro cytotoxicity assay against RAW 264.7 cell line with the treatment of MOG_IND shows the improved anti-inflammatory response in the case of MOG_IND compared to the drug alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mita Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Shreya Banerjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302 India
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2
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McNulty RC, Penston K, Amin SS, Stal S, Lee JY, Samperi M, Pérez‐García L, Cameron JM, Johnson LR, Amabilino DB, Newton GN. Self-Assembled Surfactant-Polyoxovanadate Soft Materials as Tuneable Vanadium Oxide Cathode Precursors for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216066. [PMID: 36637995 PMCID: PMC10962574 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The mixing of [V10 O28 ]6- decavanadate anions with a dicationic gemini surfactant (gem) leads to the spontaneous self-assembly of surfactant-templated nanostructured arrays of decavanadate clusters. Calcination of the material under air yields highly crystalline, sponge-like V2 O5 (gem-V2 O5 ). In contrast, calcination of the amorphous tetrabutylammonium decavanadate allows isolation of a more agglomerated V2 O5 consisting of very small crystallites (TBA-V2 O5 ). Electrochemical analysis of the materials' performance as lithium-ion intercalation electrodes highlights the role of morphology in cathode performance. The large crystallites and long-range microstructure of the gem-V2 O5 cathode deliver higher initial capacity and superior capacity retention than TBA-V2 O5 . The smaller crystallite size and higher surface area of TBA-V2 O5 allow faster lithium insertion and superior rate performance to gem-V2 O5 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory C. McNulty
- Nottingham Applied Materials and Interfaces (NAMI) GroupSchool of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
- The Faraday Institution, Quad OneHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOX11 0RAUK
| | - Keir Penston
- Nottingham Applied Materials and Interfaces (NAMI) GroupSchool of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
| | - Sharad S. Amin
- Nottingham Applied Materials and Interfaces (NAMI) GroupSchool of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
| | - Sandro Stal
- Nottingham Applied Materials and Interfaces (NAMI) GroupSchool of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
| | - Jie Yie Lee
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistrySchool of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
| | - Mario Samperi
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistrySchool of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
- CNR-ITAEVia Salita Santa Lucia Sopra Contesse 598126MessinaItaly
| | - Lluïsa Pérez‐García
- Departament de Farmacologia i Química TerapèuticaUniversitat de BarcelonaAv. Joan XXIII, 27–3108028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Jamie M. Cameron
- Nottingham Applied Materials and Interfaces (NAMI) GroupSchool of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
| | - Lee R. Johnson
- Nottingham Applied Materials and Interfaces (NAMI) GroupSchool of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
- The Faraday Institution, Quad OneHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOX11 0RAUK
| | - David B. Amabilino
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistrySchool of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasCampus Universitari de Bellaterra8193Cerdanyola del VallèsSpain
| | - Graham N. Newton
- Nottingham Applied Materials and Interfaces (NAMI) GroupSchool of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
- The Faraday Institution, Quad OneHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOX11 0RAUK
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3
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Bhavya P, Soundarajan K, Malecki JG, Mohan Das T. Sugar-Based Phase-Selective Supramolecular Self-Assembly System for Dye Removal and Selective Detection of Cu 2+ Ions. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39310-39324. [PMID: 36340083 PMCID: PMC9631723 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Simple, effective, and eco-friendly sugar-based phase-selective gelators were synthesized at a low cost. They showed high gelling ability toward a wide range of solvents at lower concentrations (minimum gelation concentration ∼0.3%). Preliminary tests reveal that these low molecular weight organogelators can immediately and phase-selectively gel benzene, toluene, petrol, and kerosene in water at room temperature. We also identified G13 in toluene as the good gelator, and the corresponding organogel proficiently removes water-soluble dyes from their concentrated aqueous solutions. This efficient removal of toxic organic solvents and dyes from water suggests promising applications in removing organic substances from contaminated water resources. The thermoreversible gel exhibits effective rechargeability up to five cycles of burning and gelation, which imply the flame stability of the gel. Interestingly, these compounds had a high detection ability toward Cu2+ ions with a state change from gel to the solution. The physical justification for gelation mechanisms and the molecular interaction with metal ions were further confirmed by computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panichiyil
Valiyaveetil Bhavya
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Thiruvarur 610 005, India
| | - Kamalakannan Soundarajan
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Thiruvarur 610 005, India
| | - Jan Grzegorz Malecki
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Ninth Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Thangamuthu Mohan Das
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Thiruvarur 610 005, India
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4
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Chambers LI, Yufit DS, Musa OM, Steed JW. Understanding the Interaction of Gluconamides and Gluconates with Amino Acids in Hair Care. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:6190-6200. [PMID: 36217417 PMCID: PMC9542698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A hair care mixture formed from a gluconamide derivative and 3-hydroxypropyl ammonium gluconate is known to strengthen hair fibers; however, the mechanism by which the mixture affects hair is unknown. To give insight into the aggregation of the target gluconamide and potential interactions between the gluconate-derived mixture and hair fibers, a range of systems were characterized by X-ray crystallography namely two polymorphic forms of the target gluconamide and three salts of 3-hydroxypropylammonium with sulfuric acid, methane sulfonic acid, and oxalic acid. The gluconamide proves to aggregate and becomes a supramolecular gelator in aniline and benzyl alcohol solution. The resulting gels were characterized by rheology, scanning electron microscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke I. Chambers
- Department
of Chemistry, Lower Mountjoy, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Dmitry S. Yufit
- Department
of Chemistry, Lower Mountjoy, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Osama M. Musa
- Ashland
LLC, 1005 Route 202/206, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Jonathan W. Steed
- Department
of Chemistry, Lower Mountjoy, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
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5
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Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Pranoprofen Using a Thermo-Reversible Hydrogel Loaded with Lipid Nanocarriers for the Treatment of Local Inflammation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:ph15010022. [PMID: 35056079 PMCID: PMC8778151 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A biocompatible topical thermo-reversible hydrogel containing Pranoprofen (PF)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) was studied as an innovative strategy for the topical treatment of skin inflammatory diseases. The PF-NLCs-F127 hydrogel was characterized physiochemically and short-time stability tests were carried out over 60 days. In vitro release and ex vivo human skin permeation studies were carried out in Franz diffusion cells. In addition, a cytotoxicity assay was studied using the HaCat cell line and in vivo tolerance study was performed in humans by evaluating the biomechanical properties. The anti-inflammatory effect of the PF-NLCs-F127 was evaluated in adult male Sprague Daw-ley® rats using a model of inflammation induced by the topical application of xylol for 1 h. The developed PF-NLCs-F127 exhibited a heterogeneous structure with spherical PF-NLCs in the hydrogel. Furthermore, a thermo-reversible behaviour was determined with a gelling temperature of 32.5 °C, being close to human cutaneous temperature and thus favouring the retention of PF. Furthermore, in the ex vivo study, the amount of PF retained and detected in human skin was high and no systemic effects were observed. The hydrogel was found to be non-cytotoxic, showing cell viability of around 95%. The PF-NLCs-F127 is shown to be well tolerated and no signs of irritancy or alterations of the skin's biophysical properties were detected. The topical application of PF-NLCs-F127 hydrogel was shown to be efficient in an inflammatory animal model, preventing the loss of stratum corneum and reducing the presence of leukocyte infiltration. The results from this study confirm that the developed hydrogel is a suitable drug delivery carrier for the transdermal delivery of PF, improving its dermal retention, opening the possibility of using it as a promising candidate and safer alternative to topical treatment for local skin inflammation and indicating that it could be useful in the clinical environment.
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6
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Samperi M, Bdiri B, Sleet CD, Markus R, Mallia AR, Pérez-García L, Amabilino DB. Light-controlled micron-scale molecular motion. Nat Chem 2021; 13:1200-1206. [PMID: 34635814 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The micron-scale movement of biomolecules along supramolecular pathways, mastered by nature, is a remarkable system requiring strong yet reversible interactions between components under the action of a suitable stimulus. Responsive microscopic systems using a variety of stimuli have demonstrated impressive relative molecular motion. However, locating the position of a movable object that travels along self-assembled fibres under an irresistible force has yet to be achieved. Here, we describe a purely supramolecular system where a molecular 'traveller' moves along a 'path' over several microns when irradiated with visible light. Real-time imaging of the motion in the solvated state using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy shows that anionic porphyrin molecules move along the fibres of a bis-imidazolium gel upon irradiation. Slight solvent changes mean movement and restructuring of the fibres giving microtoroids, indicating control of motion by fibre mechanics with solvent composition. The insight provided here may lead to the development of artificial travellers that can perform catalytic and other functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Samperi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry, GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Istituto di Tecnologie Avanzate per l'Energia "Nicola Giordano" - CNR-ITAE, Messina, Italy
| | - Bilel Bdiri
- School of Chemistry, GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte D Sleet
- School of Chemistry, GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Markus
- SLIM Imaging Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ajith R Mallia
- School of Chemistry, GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lluïsa Pérez-García
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David B Amabilino
- School of Chemistry, GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
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7
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Khoeini D, Scott TF, Neild A. Microfluidic enhancement of self-assembly systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1661-1675. [PMID: 33949588 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic, kinetically-controlled, self-assembly processes are commonly observed in nature and are capable of creating intricate, functional architectures from simple precursors. However, notably, much of the research into molecular self-assembly has been performed using conventional bulk techniques where the resultant species are dictated by thermodynamic stability to yield relatively simple assemblies. Whereas, the environmental control offered by microfluidic systems offers methods to achieve non-equilibrium reaction conditions capable of increasingly sophisticated self-assembled structures. Alterations to the immediate microenvironment during the assembly of the molecules is possible, providing the basis for kinetically-controlled assembly. This review examines the key mechanism offered by microfluidic systems and the architectures required to access them. The mechanisms include diffusion-led mixing, shear gradient alignment, spatial and temporal confinement, and structural templates in multiphase systems. The works are selected and categorised in terms of the microfluidic approaches taken rather than the chemical constructs which are formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Khoeini
- Laboratory for Micro Systems, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Timothy F Scott
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Adrian Neild
- Laboratory for Micro Systems, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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El Moussaoui S, Fernández-Campos F, Alonso C, Limón D, Halbaut L, Garduño-Ramirez ML, Calpena AC, Mallandrich M. Topical Mucoadhesive Alginate-Based Hydrogel Loading Ketorolac for Pain Management after Pharmacotherapy, Ablation, or Surgical Removal in Condyloma Acuminata. Gels 2021; 7:8. [PMID: 33498627 PMCID: PMC7838868 DOI: 10.3390/gels7010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Condyloma acuminata is an infectious disease caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) and one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. It is manifested as warts that frequently cause pain, pruritus, burning, and occasional bleeding. Treatment (physical, chemical, or surgical) can result in erosion, scars, or ulcers, implying inflammatory processes causing pain. In this work, a biocompatible topical hydrogel containing 2% ketorolac tromethamine was developed to manage the painful inflammatory processes occurring upon the removal of anogenital condylomas. The hydrogel was physically, mechanically, and morphologically characterized: it showed adequate characteristics for a topical formulation. Up to 73% of ketorolac in the gel can be released following a one-phase exponential model. Upon application on human skin and vaginal mucosa, ketorolac can permeate through both of these and it can be retained within both tissues, particularly on vaginal mucosa. Another advantage is that no systemic side effects should be expected after application of the gel. The hydrogel showed itself to be well tolerated in vivo when applied on humans, and it did not cause any visible irritation. Finally, ketorolac hydrogel showed 53% anti-inflammatory activity, suggesting that it is a stable and suitable formulation for the treatment of inflammatory processes, such as those occurring upon chemical or surgical removal of anogenital warts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima El Moussaoui
- Departament de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisicoquímica, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.E.M.); (L.H.); (A.C.C.)
| | | | - Cristina Alonso
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia-CSIC (IQAC-CSIC), 18-26 Jordi Girona St, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - David Limón
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lyda Halbaut
- Departament de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisicoquímica, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.E.M.); (L.H.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Maria Luisa Garduño-Ramirez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado, de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Ana Cristina Calpena
- Departament de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisicoquímica, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.E.M.); (L.H.); (A.C.C.)
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Mallandrich
- Departament de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisicoquímica, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.E.M.); (L.H.); (A.C.C.)
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Samperi M, Pérez-García L, Amabilino DB. Quantification of energy of activation to supramolecular nanofibre formation reveals enthalpic and entropic effects and morphological consequence. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10256-10266. [PMID: 32015821 PMCID: PMC6968731 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03280k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We show a self-assembly process leading to fibres from a system that starts far from equilibrium because of fast solvent - anti-solvent mixing and analyse the activation energies associated with the aggregation. It is in some ways reminiscent of diverse natural fibrous materials that have kinetic behaviour dominated by a rate limiting induction period followed by rapid growth. A full thermodynamic rationale for these systems and related synthetic ones is required for a full understanding of the driving force of their non-equilibrium self-assembly. Here we determine quantitatively the enthalpy and entropy of activation for the processes leading to the growth of fibres of this type, that contrasts with analysis of other systems where final energetic states are analysed. A dramatic effect is revealed whereby comparatively small changes in temperature or solvent composition (the ratio of water to ethanol) lead to alterations in the relative importance of enthalpy and entropy of activation and massive changes in the speed of fibre formation. The characteristics of the kinetic model adopted show a correlation with the fibre morphology of the self-assembled materials, which are isostructural according to diffraction experiments: the control of growth can lead to fibres only two bilayers thick. The crossover in behaviour is characteristic of the solvent mixture and the thermodynamic analysis points to the origins of this effect where different assembly routes are viable under only marginally different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Samperi
- School of Pharmacy , University of Nottingham , University Park , NG7 2RD , UK
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Triumph Road , NG7 2TU , UK .
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , NG7 2RD , UK
| | - Lluïsa Pérez-García
- School of Pharmacy , University of Nottingham , University Park , NG7 2RD , UK
| | - David B Amabilino
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Triumph Road , NG7 2TU , UK .
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , NG7 2RD , UK
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10
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Xu Y, Yuan T, Nour HF, Fang L, Olson MA. Bis‐Bipyridinium Gemini Surfactant‐Based Supramolecular Helical Fibers and Solid State Thermochromism. Chemistry 2018; 24:16558-16569. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
| | - Tianyu Yuan
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University 3255, TAMU College Station TX 77840 USA
| | - Hany F. Nour
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
- National Research Centre Chemical Industries Research Division, Department of Photochemistry 33 El Buhouth Street, P.O. Box 12622 Giza Egypt
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University 3255, TAMU College Station TX 77840 USA
| | - Mark A. Olson
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
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