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Photo-chemical aspects of iron complexes exhibiting photo-activated chemotherapy (PACT). J Inorg Biochem 2023; 238:112055. [PMID: 36335746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Iron is the trace element of natural selection by the biological systems due to its versatile coordination chemistry, and is recently explored for medicinal and diagnostic applications. Photo-activated states of iron complexes exhibiting substitution, dissociation, isomerization reactions, intramolecular redox reactions or energy transfer to other molecules have attracted the attention across the globe for the potent applications in photo-chemotherapy. There is a significant advancement on the development of iron-based complexes for photochemotherapeutic applications. Here in we reviewed the photo-activated states and photochemistry of iron complexes, and recent advances made in the area of photochemotherapy of iron complexes relevant to the photochemistry of iron complexes.
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2
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Pal M, Ramu V, Musib D, Kunwar A, Biswas A, Roy M. Iron(III) Complex-Functionalized Gold Nanocomposite as a Strategic Tool for Targeted Photochemotherapy in Red Light. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6283-6297. [PMID: 33887143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Iron(III)-phenolate/carboxylate complexes exhibiting photoredox chemistry and photoactivated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation at their ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) bands have emerged as potential strategic tools for photoactivated chemotherapy. Herein, the synthesis, in-depth characterization, photochemical assays, and remarkable red light-induced photocytotoxicities in adenocarcinomic human immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and alveolar basal epithelial (A549) cells of iron(III)-phenolate/carboxylate complex of molecular formula, [Fe(L1)(L2)] (1), where L1 is bis(3,5 di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)glycine and L2 is 5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)-N-(1,10-phenanthroline-5-yl)pentanamide, and the gold nanocomposite functionalized with complex 1 (1-AuNPs) are reported. There was a significant red shift in the UV-visible absorption band on functionalization of complex 1 to the gold nanoparticles (λmax: 573 nm, 1; λmax: 660 nm, 1-AuNPs), rendering the nanocomposite an ideal candidate for photochemotherapeutic applications. The notable findings in our present studies are (i) the remarkable cytotoxicity of the nanocomposite (1-AuNPs) to A549 (IC50: 0.006 μM) and HaCaT (IC50: 0.0075 μM) cells in red light (600-720 nm, 30 J/cm2) while almost nontoxic (IC50 > 500 μg/mL, 0.053 μM) in the dark, (ii) the nontoxicity of 1-AuNPs to normal human diploid fibroblasts (WI-38) or human peripheral lung epithelial (HPL1D) cells (IC50 > 500 μg/mL, 0.053 μM) both in the dark and red light signifying the target-specific anticancer activity of the nanocomposite, (iii) localization of 1-AuNPs in mitochondria and partly nucleus, (iv) remarkable red light-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS: 1O2, •OH) in vitro, (v) disruption of the mitochondrial membrane due to enhanced oxidative stress, and (vi) caspase 3/7-dependent apoptosis. A similar cytotoxic profile of complex 1 was another key finding of our studies. Overall, our current investigations show a new red light-absorbing iron(III)-phenolate/carboxylate complex-functionalized gold nanocomposite (1-AuNPs) as the emerging next-generation iron-based photochemotherapeutic agent for targeted cancer treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maynak Pal
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol, Imphal West 795004, India
| | - Vanitha Ramu
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, CV Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Dulal Musib
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol, Imphal West 795004, India
| | - Amit Kunwar
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhaba Atomic Research Center, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Arunima Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol, Imphal West 795004, India
| | - Mithun Roy
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol, Imphal West 795004, India
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Ramu V, Kundu P, Kondaiah P, Chakravarty AR. Maloplatin-B, a Cisplatin-Based BODIPY-Tagged Mito-Specific "Chemo-PDT" Agent Active in Red Light. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6410-6420. [PMID: 33843212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Maloplatin-B, a cisplatin-based complex, namely [Pt(A-BOD)(NH3)2](NO3) (Pt-A-BOD) with a pendant boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) moiety, where HA-BOD is a methyl malonyl chloride derived monostyryl BODIPY ligand, was designed and developed as near-IR light (600-720 nm) organelle-targeting photodynamic therapy agent. The complex [Pt(acac)(NH3)2](NO3) (Pt-Ac) was used as a control. Pt-A-BOD displayed an absorption band at 616 nm (ε = 2.9 × 104 M-1 cm-1) in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide/Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMSO/DMEM, pH 7.2). This complex displayed a broad emission band within 650-850 nm with a λem value of 720 nm in 10% DMSO-DMEM (pH 7.2) upon excitation (λex) at 615 nm with a large Stokes shift. The fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) value for Pt-A-BOD is 0.032 and for the ligand HA-BOD is 0.24. The BODIPY complex and ligand showed the formation of singlet oxygen as the ROS (reactive oxygen species) on irradiation with near-IR red light of 660 nm, as evidenced from a 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) assay. The complex displayed remarkable apoptotic NIR light-induced PDT activity with half-maximum inhibitory concentration values (IC50) of 1.6-2.4 μM in A549 lung and HeLa cervical cancer cells, while it was less active in the dark. The cellular ROS generation by the complex in red light was ascertained by a DCFDA (2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate) assay. Cellular imaging showed its localization primarily in the mitochondria of A549 cancer cells. The JC1 and Annexin-V FITC/PI assays carried out for A549 cancer cells treated with the BODIPY complex showed the alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptotic cell death on near-IR red light (600-720 nm) irradiation, respectively.
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Ramu V, Kundu P, Upadhyay A, Kondaiah P, Chakravarty AR. Lysosome Specific Platinum(II) Catecholates with Photoactive BODIPY for Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy in Near‐IR Light. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanitha Ramu
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India
| | - Paramita Kundu
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India
| | - Aarti Upadhyay
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India
| | - Akhil R. Chakravarty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India
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Liang J, Liu J, Jin X, Yao S, Chen B, Huang Q, Hu J, Wan J, Hu Z, Wang B. Versatile Nanoplatform Loaded with Doxorubicin and Graphene Quantum Dots/Methylene Blue for Drug Delivery and Chemophotothermal/Photodynamic Synergetic Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7122-7132. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Liang
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaokang Jin
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shuting Yao
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Biling Chen
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qianwei Huang
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jinhua Hu
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Junmin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhiwen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Bouché M, Hognon C, Grandemange S, Monari A, Gros PC. Recent advances in iron-complexes as drug candidates for cancer therapy: reactivity, mechanism of action and metabolites. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:11451-11466. [PMID: 32776052 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02135k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this perspective, we discuss iron-complexes as drug candidates that are promising alternatives to conventional platinum-based chemotherapies owing to their broad range of reactivities and to the targeting of different biological systems. Breakthroughs in the comprehension of iron complexes' structure-activity relationship contributed to the clarification of their metabolization pathways, sub-cellular localization and influence on iron homeostasis, while enlightening the primary molecular targets of theses likely multi-target metallodrugs. Both the antiproliferative activity and elevated safety index observed among the family of iron complexes showed encouraging results as per their therapeutic potential and selectivity also with the aim of reducing chemotherapy side-effects, and facilitated more pre-clinical investigations. The purpose of this perspective is to summarize the recent advances that contributed in unveiling the intricate relationships between the structural modifications on iron-complexes and their reactivity, cellular trafficking and global mechanisms of action to broaden their use as anticancer drugs and advance to clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Bouché
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM UMR 7053, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Cécilia Hognon
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Antonio Monari
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Philippe C Gros
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM UMR 7053, F-54000 Nancy, France.
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Chanu SB, Raza MK, Musib D, Pal M, Pal M, Roy M. Potent Photochemotherapeutic Activity of Iron(III) Complexes on Visible Light-induced Ligand to Metal Charge Transfer. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Binita Chanu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Manipur, Langol 795004, Imphal (Manipur), India
| | - Md Kausar Raza
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bangalore-560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Dulal Musib
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Manipur, Langol 795004, Imphal (Manipur), India
| | - Mrityunjoy Pal
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Manipur, Langol 795004, Imphal (Manipur), India
| | - Maynak Pal
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Manipur, Langol 795004, Imphal (Manipur), India
| | - Mithun Roy
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Manipur, Langol 795004, Imphal (Manipur), India
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Sohtun WP, Khamrang T, Kannan A, Balakrishnan G, Saravanan D, Akhbarsha MA, Velusamy M, Palaniandavar M. Iron(III) bis‐complexes of Schiff bases of
S
‐methyldithiocarbazates: Synthesis, structure, spectral and redox properties and cytotoxicity. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Winaki P. Sohtun
- Department of ChemistryNorth Eastern Hill University Shillong 793022 India
| | - Themmila Khamrang
- Department of ChemistryNorth Eastern Hill University Shillong 793022 India
- Present Address: C. I. College, Bishnupur Manipur 795126 India
| | | | - Gowdhami Balakrishnan
- Mahatma Gandhi‐Doerenkamp Center for Alternatives to Use of Animals in Life Science EducationBharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli 620024 India
| | | | - Mohammad Abdulkader Akhbarsha
- Mahatma Gandhi‐Doerenkamp Center for Alternatives to Use of Animals in Life Science EducationBharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli 620024 India
| | - Marappan Velusamy
- Department of ChemistryNorth Eastern Hill University Shillong 793022 India
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Bhattacharyya U, Verma BK, Saha R, Mukherjee N, Raza MK, Sahoo S, Kondaiah P, Chakravarty AR. Structurally Characterized BODIPY-Appended Oxidovanadium(IV) β-Diketonates for Mitochondria-Targeted Photocytotoxicity. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:4282-4292. [PMID: 32149258 PMCID: PMC7057700 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-ligand oxidovanadium(IV) β-diketonates having NNN-donor dipicolylamine-conjugated to boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY in L1) and diiodo-BODIPY (in L2) moieties, namely, [VO(L1)(acac)]Cl (1), [VO(L2)(acac)]Cl (2), and [VO(L1)(dbm)]Cl (3), where acac and dbm are monoanionic O,O-donor acetylacetone and 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione, were prepared, characterized, and tested for their photoinduced anticancer activity in visible light. Complexes 1 and 2 were structurally characterized as their PF6 - salts (1a and 2a) by X-ray crystallography. They showed VIVN3O3 six-coordinate geometry with dipicolylamine base as the facial ligand. The non-iodinated BODIPY complexes displayed absorption maxima at ∼501 nm, while it is ∼535 nm for the di-iodinated 2 in 10% DMSO-PBS buffer medium (pH = 7.2). Complexes 1 and 3 being green emissive (λem, ∼512 nm; λex, 470 nm; ΦF, ∼0.10) in 10% aqueous DMSO were used for cellular imaging studies. Complex 3 localized primarily in the mitochondria of the cervical HeLa cells with a co-localization coefficient value of 0.7. The non-emissive diiodo-BODIPY complex 2 showed generation of singlet oxygen (ΦΔ ≈ 0.47) on light activation. Annexin-V assay showed singlet oxygen-mediated cellular apoptosis, making this complex a targeted PDT agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utso Bhattacharyya
- Department of Inorganic
and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Brijesh K. Verma
- Department
of Molecular Reproduction, Development and
Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Rupak Saha
- Department of Inorganic
and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Nandini Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic
and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Md Kausar Raza
- Department of Inorganic
and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Somarupa Sahoo
- Department of Inorganic
and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department
of Molecular Reproduction, Development and
Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
- E-mail: . Tel.: +91-80-22932688. Fax: +91-80-23600999 (P.K.)
| | - Akhil R. Chakravarty
- Department of Inorganic
and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
- E-mail: . Tel.: +91-80-22932533. Fax: +91-80-23600683 (A.R.C.)
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Bodio E, Denat F, Goze C. BODIPYS and aza-BODIPY derivatives as promising fluorophores for in vivo molecular imaging and theranostic applications. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery in 1968, the BODIPYs dyes (4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a, 4a diaza-s-indacene) have found an exponentially increasing number of applications in a large variety of scientific fields. In particular, studies reporting bioapplications of BODIPYs have increased dramatically. However, most of the time, only in vitro investigations have been reported. The in vivo potential of BODIPYs and aza-BODIPYs is more recent, but considering the number of in vivo studies with BODIPY and aza-BODIPY which have been reported in the last five years, we can now affirm that this family of fluorophores can be considered important as cyanine dyes for future in vivo and even clinical applications. This review aims to present representative examples of recent in vivo applications of BODIPYs or aza-BODIPYs, and to highlight the potential of these dyes for optical molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewen Bodio
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Avenue A. Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Franck Denat
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Avenue A. Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Christine Goze
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Avenue A. Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
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Nucleus targeting anthraquinone-based copper (II) complexes as the potent PDT agents: Synthesis, photo-physical and theoretical evaluation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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