1
|
Yang LJ, Wu Y, Murugan P, Liu P, Qiu ZY, Peng YL, Li ZF, Liu SY. Advancing Integration of Direct C-H Arylation-Derived Star-Shaped Oligomers as Second Acceptors for Ternary Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:26348-26359. [PMID: 38728664 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) could benefit from the ternary bulk heterojunction (BHJ), a method that allows for fine-tuning of light capture, cascade energy levels, and film shape, in order to increase their power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this work, the third components of PM6:Y6 and PM6:BTP-eC9 BHJs are a set of four star-shaped unfused ring electron acceptors (SSUFREAs), i.e., BD-IC, BFD-IC, BD-2FIC, and BFD-2FIC, that are facilely synthesized by direct C-H arylation. The four SSUFREAs all show complete complementary absorption with PM6, Y6, and BTP-eC9, which facilitates light harvesting and exciton collection. When BFD-2FIC is added as a third component, the PCEs of PM6:Y6 and PM6:BTP-eC9 binary BHJs are able to be improved from 15.31% to 16.85%, and from 16.23% to 17.23%, respectively, showing that BFD-2FIC is useful for most effective ternary OSCs in general, and increasing short circuit current (JSC) and better film morphology are two additional benefits. The ternary PM6:Y6:BFD-2FIC exhibits a 9.7% percentage of increase in PCE compared to the PM6:Y6 binary BHJ, which is one of the highest percentage increases among the reported ternary BHJs, showing the huge potential of BFD-2FIC for ternary BHJ OSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Jun Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing (IAMM), Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Pachaiyappan Murugan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Qiu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yu-Long Peng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zai-Fang Li
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing (IAMM), Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Shi-Yong Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen J, Zhou J, Li N, Ding Y, Ren S, Zeng M. Novel Divinyl-Flanked Diketopyrrolopyrrole Polymer, Based on a Dimerization Strategy for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4546. [PMID: 38232014 PMCID: PMC10707771 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In this communication, we report a novel acceptor structural unit, TVDPP, that can be distinguished from classical materials based on TDPP structures. By designing a synthetic route via retrosynthetic analysis, we successfully prepared this monomer and further prepared polymer P2TVDPP with high yield using a Stille-coupling polymerization reaction. The polymer showed several expected properties, such as high molecular weight, thermal stability, full planarity, small π-π stacking distance, smooth interface, and so on. The absorption spectra and energy levels of the polymer were characterized via photochemical and electrochemical analysis. The organic field-effect transistor (OFET), which is based on P2TVDPP, exhibited excellent carrier mobility and an on/off current ratio of 0.41 cm2 V-1 s-1 and ~107, respectively, which is an important step in expanding the significance of DPP-based materials in the field of optoelectronic devices and organic electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.)
| | - Jie Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.)
| | - Na Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.)
| | - Yubing Ding
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| | - Shiwei Ren
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| | - Minfeng Zeng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Monteiro-de-Castro G, Borges I. A Hammett's analysis of the substituent effect in functionalized diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) systems: Optoelectronic properties and intramolecular charge transfer effects. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:2256-2273. [PMID: 37496237 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) systems have promising applications in different organic electronic devices. In this work, we investigated the effect of 20 different substituent groups on the optoelectronic properties of DPP-based derivatives as the donor ( D )-material in an organic photovoltaic (OPV) device. For this purpose, we employed Hammett's theory (HT), which quantifies the electron-donating or -withdrawing properties of a given substituent group. Machine learning (ML)-basedσ m ,σ p ,σ m 0 ,σ p 0 ,σ p + ,σ p - ,σ I , andσ R Hammett's constants previously determined were used. Mono- (DPP-X1 ) and di-functionalized (DPP-X2 ) DPPs, where X is a substituent group, were investigated using density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent DFT (TDDFT), and ab initio methods. Several properties were computed using CAM-B3LYP and the second-order algebraic diagrammatic construction, ADC(2), an ab initio wave function method, including the adiabatic ionization potential ( I P A ), the electron affinity ( E A A ), the HOMO-LUMO gaps (E g ), and the maximum absorption wavelengths (λ max ), the first excited state transition 1 S0 → 1 S1 energies ( ∆ E ) (the optical gap), and exciton binding energies. From the optoelectronic properties and employing typical acceptor systems, the power conversion efficiency ( PCE ), open-circuit voltage (V OC ), and fill factor ( FF ) were predicted for a DPP-based OPV device. These photovoltaic properties were also correlated with the machine learning (ML)-based Hammett's constants. Overall, good correlations between all properties and the different types of σ constants were obtained, except for theσ I constants, which are related to inductive effects. This scenario suggests that resonance is the main factor controlling electron donation and withdrawal effects. We found that substituent groups with large σ values can produce higher photovoltaic efficiencies. It was also found that electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) reducedE g and ∆ E considerably compared to the unsubstituted DPP-H. Moreover, for every decrease (increase) in the values of a given optoelectronic property of DPP-X1 systems, a more significant decrease (increase) in the same values was observed for the DPP-X2 , thus showing that the addition of the second substituent results in a more extensive influence on all electronic properties. For the exciton binding energies, an unsupervised machine learning algorithm identified groups of substituents characterized by average values (centroids) of Hammett's constants that can drive the search for new DDP-derived materials. Our work presents a promising approach by applying HT on molecular engineering DPP-based molecules and other conjugated molecules for applications on organic optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Itamar Borges
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Defesa, Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ramar P, Raghavendra V, Murugan P, Samanta D. Immobilization of Polymers to Surfaces by Click Reaction for Photocatalysis with Recyclability. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:13344-13357. [PMID: 36286240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A surface-bound photocatalyst offers advantages of reusability and recyclability with ease. While it can be immobilized by spin coating or drop-casting, a more reliable and durable method involves the formation of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on a suitable surface using designer molecules. In this paper, we report devising a practical, durable, and recyclable photocatalytic surface using immobilized polytriazoles of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP). While the SAM formation techniques were utilized for superior results, conventional coatings of polymers on surfaces were performed for comparison. Different methods confirmed efficient immobilization and high grafting density for the SAM technique. Computational models suggested favorable energy parameters for active materials. Photocatalytic studies were performed using both immobilized polymers and polymers in solution for comparison. These findings are important for understanding various physicochemical characteristics of polytriazole-functionalized surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Periyamuthu Ramar
- Polymer Science & Technology Department, CSIR-CLRI, Chennai 600020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Venkatraman Raghavendra
- Centre for High Computing, CSIR-CLRI, Chennai 600020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | | | - Debasis Samanta
- Polymer Science & Technology Department, CSIR-CLRI, Chennai 600020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ramar P, Aishwarya BV, Samanta D. A photocatalytic chip inspired from the photovoltaics of polymer-immobilized surfaces: self-assembly and other factors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12964-12967. [PMID: 34792062 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04381a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymers and carbon nanomaterials for bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices have been used to develop an efficient reusable photocatalytic chip. Interestingly, it is highly effective when the materials are self-assembled in a particular pattern at a particular concentration ratio (Movies in the ESI).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Periyamuthu Ramar
- Polymer Science and Technology Department, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute Chennai, India. .,Academy of Scientific and innovative research, Ghaziabad, Uttarpradesh, India
| | - B V Aishwarya
- Polymer Science and Technology Department, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute Chennai, India.
| | - Debasis Samanta
- Polymer Science and Technology Department, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute Chennai, India. .,Academy of Scientific and innovative research, Ghaziabad, Uttarpradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Murugan P, Ramar P, Mandal AB, Samanta D. Investigating the Photocatalytic Performances of Nanocomposites Containing Narrow‐band‐gap Copolymers and ZnO†. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pachaiyappan Murugan
- Polymer Science & Technology DivisionCSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar Chennai- 600020 India
| | - P. Ramar
- Polymer Science & Technology DivisionCSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar Chennai- 600020 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Rafi Marg, New Delhi India
| | - Asit Baran Mandal
- Polymer Science & Technology DivisionCSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar Chennai- 600020 India
- CSIR-CGCRI, Kolkata India
| | - Debasis Samanta
- Polymer Science & Technology DivisionCSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar Chennai- 600020 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Rafi Marg, New Delhi India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Raychev D, Méndez López RD, Kiriy A, Seifert G, Sommer JU, Guskova O. Copolymers of Diketopyrrolopyrrole and Benzothiadiazole: Design and Function from Simulations with Experimental Support. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jens-Uwe Sommer
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 17, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|