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Cohen E, Avram L, Poverenov E. Formation of Robust and Adaptive Biopolymers via Non-Covalent Supramolecular Interactions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200579. [PMID: 36153845 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Biomass-originated materials are the future's next-tier polymers. This work suggests improving mechanical and barrier properties of nature-sourced polymers using non-covalent supramolecular interactions. Polysaccharide chitosan is modified with amino acids via an esterification pathway using a systematic variation of hydrogen bond and aromatic domains (Degrees of substitution 12-49%). These controlled modifications improve stability due to non-covalent interactions, resulting in biopolymers with tailored thermal (decomposition temperature 232-275 °C), mechanical (Young's modulus 540-2667 MPa), and surface properties (roughness 4-40 nm). Chitosan and natural amino acids that are already manufactured at scale are purposely selected. The facile synthesis, controlled properties, stimuli-responsive potential, and inexhaustible origin of the raw materials provide the presented findings with the potential to become the method for the formation of high-performance biodegradable alternatives to petroleum-based polymers that can be used in packaging, food, agriculture, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erez Cohen
- Agro-Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Center, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMacabim Road, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel.,Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 229 Herzl Street, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Liat Avram
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Elena Poverenov
- Agro-Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Center, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMacabim Road, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
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Sporopollenin-inspired design and synthesis of robust polymeric materials. Commun Chem 2022; 5:110. [PMID: 36697794 PMCID: PMC9814627 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00729-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporopollenin is a mechanically robust and chemically inert biopolymer that constitutes the outer protective exine layer of plant spores and pollen grains. Recent investigation of the molecular structure of pine sporopollenin revealed unique monomeric units and inter-unit linkages distinct from other previously known biopolymers, which could be harnessed for new material design. Herein, we report the bioinspired synthesis of a series of sporopollenin analogues. This exercise confirms large portions of our previously proposed pine sporopollenin structural model, while the measured chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the synthetic sporopollenins constitute favorable attributes of a new kind of robust material. This study explores a new design framework of robust materials inspired by natural sporopollenins, and provides insights and reagents for future elucidation and engineering of sporopollenin biosynthesis in plants.
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Cohen Y, Mwangi E, Tish N, Xu J, Vaze ND, Klingbell T, Fallik E, Luo Y, Demokritou P, Rodov V, Poverenov E. Quaternized chitosan as a biopolymer sanitizer for leafy vegetables: synthesis, characteristics, and traditional vs. dry nano-aerosol applications. Food Chem 2022; 378:132056. [PMID: 35030463 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of quaternary dimethyl-(alkyl)-ammonium chitosan derivatives (QACs) was synthesized and studied for physicochemical properties and bioactivity. The QACs tended to spontaneously self-assembly into nanoaggregates. Antimicrobial activity was examined in vitro on Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Listeria innocua (L. innocua) bacteria as well as phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. The hexyl chain-substituted QAC-6 demonstrated the highest potency causing 3.0- and 4.5-log CFU mL-1 reduction of E. coli and L. innocua, respectively. QAC-6 was tested for antimicrobial activity on stainless steel coupons and fresh spinach leaves. A traditional 'wet' application (spray) and dry Engineered Water Nanostructure (EWNS) approach were used for spinach decontamination. With both approaches, significant reduction of microbial load on the treated produce was achieved. The wet application showed a greater reduction of microbial load, while the advantages of EWNS were reaching the antimicrobial effect with miniscule dose of active agent leaving treated surface visibly dry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Cohen
- Agro-Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Center, Department of Food Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Herzl Street P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Esther Mwangi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Herzl Street P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Nimrod Tish
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Department of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Max ve-Anna Webb, 5290002, Israel
| | - Jie Xu
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology. Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nachiket D Vaze
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology. Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tal Klingbell
- Agro-Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Center, Department of Food Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Herzl Street P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Elazar Fallik
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Yaguang Luo
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology. Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Victor Rodov
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Elena Poverenov
- Agro-Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Center, Department of Food Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
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Arnon-Rips H, Cohen Y, Saidi L, Porat R, Poverenov E. Covalent linkage of bioactive volatiles to a polysaccharide support as a potential approach for preparing active edible coatings and delivery systems for food products. Food Chem 2020; 338:127822. [PMID: 32810813 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a potential of covalent linkage approach for developing active edible coatings was examined. Vanillin and trans-cinnamaldehyde were bound to chitosan by Schiff base reaction and reductive amination. The modified polysaccharides were comprehensively characterized and applied as active coatings on fresh-cut melon. The covalent linkage allowed overcoming solubility problems with the lipophilic vanillin and cinnamaldehyde and neutralizing their volatility, producing well-adhered coatings that enhanced fruit quality and storability without sensorial impairment. The attached hydrophobic moieties also provided new polysaccharides with self-assembling ability. Their aggregates were loaded with antimicrobial citral and added to mandarin juice, resulting in up to 6 log CFU/mL microbial count reduction. Thus, the covalent linkage concept offers several advantages, especially when hydrophobic or volatile active agents are used. Further developed, it may become a safe and effective tool for the formation of advanced active edible coatings and delivery vehicles for direct applications on food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Arnon-Rips
- Agro-Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Center, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Yael Cohen
- Agro-Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Center, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Lilah Saidi
- Agro-Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Center, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ron Porat
- Agro-Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Center, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
| | - Elena Poverenov
- Agro-Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Center, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
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Rutenberg R, Galaktionova D, Golden G, Cohen Y, Levi-Kalisman Y, Cohen G, Král P, Poverenov E. Omniphilic Polysaccharide-Based Nanocarriers for Modular Molecular Delivery in a Broad Range of Biosystems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:36711-36720. [PMID: 30285412 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Self-adjusting omniphilic nanocarriers (OPNs) with a multisolvent aptitude were prepared via a Schiff base reaction between chitosan, a natural polysaccharide, and bioactive aldehydes. Experimental studies supported by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations revealed these OPNs can encapsulate insoluble molecular cargo, transport them in aqueous or lipid environments, and deliver them through cross-phase barriers. N-imine dynamic covalent bonds have been incorporated to endow the OPNs with pH responsiveness, also allowing the amplification of their bioactivity, as demonstrated in vitro with the ability to delay fungal proliferation in wheat grains. The reported OPNs hold remarkable potential as biocompatible nanocarriers for the effective delivery of active agents in agriculture, medicine, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roi Rutenberg
- Postharvest and Food Science Institute , Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center , Rishon LeZion 50250 , Israel
| | - Daria Galaktionova
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago 60607 , Illinois , United States
| | - Gilad Golden
- Postharvest and Food Science Institute , Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center , Rishon LeZion 50250 , Israel
| | - Yael Cohen
- Postharvest and Food Science Institute , Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center , Rishon LeZion 50250 , Israel
| | - Yael Levi-Kalisman
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and the Silberman Institute for Life Sciences , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
| | - Guy Cohen
- The Skin Research Institute , Dead Sea & Arava Science Center , Masada 86910 , Israel
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago 60607 , Illinois , United States
- Departments of Physics and Biopharmaceutical Sciences , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago 60607 , Illinois , United States
| | - Elena Poverenov
- Postharvest and Food Science Institute , Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center , Rishon LeZion 50250 , Israel
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