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Tollemeto M, Ursulska S, Welzen PLW, Thamdrup LHE, Malakpour Permlid A, Li Y, Soufi G, Patiño Padial T, Christensen JB, Hagner Nielsen L, van Hest J, Boisen A. Tailored Polymersomes for Enhanced Oral Drug Delivery: pH-Sensitive Systems for Intestinal Delivery of Immunosuppressants. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403640. [PMID: 38963162 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Ensuring precise drug release at target sites is crucial for effective treatment. Here, pH-responsive nanoparticles for oral administration of mycophenolate mofetil, an alternative therapy for patients with inflammatory bowel disease unresponsive to conventional treatments is developed. However, its oral administration presents challenges due to its low solubility in the small intestine and high solubility and absorption in the stomach. Therefore, this aim is to design a drug delivery system capable of maintaining drug solubility compared to the free drug while delaying absorption from the stomach to the intestine. Successful synthesis and assembly of a block copolymer incorporating a pH-responsive functional group is achieved. Dynamic light scattering indicated a significant change in hydrodynamic size when the pH exceeded 6.5, confirming successful incorporation of the pH-responsive group. Encapsulation and controlled release of mycophenolate mofetil are efficiently demonstrated, with 90% release observed at intestinal pH. In vitro cell culture studies confirmed biocompatibility, showing no toxicity or adverse effects on Caco-2 cells. In vivo oral rat studies indicated reduced drug absorption in the stomach and enhanced absorption in the small intestine with the developed formulation. This research presents a promising drug delivery system with potential applications in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tollemeto
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center IDUN, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Sintija Ursulska
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center IDUN, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Pascal L W Welzen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Lasse H E Thamdrup
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center IDUN, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Atena Malakpour Permlid
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center IDUN, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Yudong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Gohar Soufi
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center IDUN, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Tania Patiño Padial
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Jørn B Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thovaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Line Hagner Nielsen
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center IDUN, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Jan van Hest
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Boisen
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center IDUN, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
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2
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Hua C, Qiu L. Polymersomes for Therapeutic Protein and Peptide Delivery: Towards Better Loading Properties. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2317-2340. [PMID: 38476284 PMCID: PMC10929215 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s444910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapeutics based on proteins and peptides have profoundly transformed the landscape of treatment for diseases, from diabetes mellitus to cancers, yet the short half-life and low bioavailability of therapeutic proteins and peptides hinder their wide applications. To break through this bottleneck, biomolecules-loaded polymersomes with strong adjustability and versatility have attracted more and more attentions recently. Loading proteins or peptides into polymersomes is the first but extremely important step towards developing high-quality formulation products. However, increasing protein and peptide loading content is quite challenging due to the inherent nature of self-assembled vesicle formation mechanism and physiochemical characteristics of biomacromolecules. This review highlights the potential of polymersomes as the next-generation therapeutic proteins and peptides carrier and emphatically introduces novel approaches and recent progress to achieve satisfactory encapsulation capability of polymersomes for proteins and peptides. On the one hand, with the help of intermolecular interactions, such as electrostatic, lipid-protein, and hydrophobic interactions, the drug loading could be significantly improved. On the other hand, loading improvement could be attained through innovation of preparation methods, ranging from modified traditional film hydration techniques to the novel phase-guided assembly method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxu Hua
- Ministry of Educational (MOE) Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyan Qiu
- Ministry of Educational (MOE) Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Heuberger L, Messmer D, dos Santos EC, Scherrer D, Lörtscher E, Schoenenberger C, Palivan CG. Microfluidic Giant Polymer Vesicles Equipped with Biopores for High-Throughput Screening of Bacteria. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307103. [PMID: 38158637 PMCID: PMC10953582 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance is critical for the development of new therapeutics. Traditional methods for testing bacteria are often limited in their efficiency and reusability. Single bacterial cells can be studied at high throughput using double emulsions, although the lack of control over the oil shell permeability and limited access to the droplet interior present serious drawbacks. Here, a straightforward strategy for studying bacteria-encapsulating double emulsion-templated giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) is introduced. This microfluidic approach serves to simultaneously load bacteria inside synthetic GUVs and to permeabilize their membrane with the pore-forming peptide melittin. This enables antibiotic delivery or the influx of fresh medium into the GUV lumen for highly parallel cultivation and antimicrobial efficacy testing. Polymer-based GUVs proved to be efficient culture and analysis microvessels, as microfluidics allow easy selection and encapsulation of bacteria and rapid modification of culture conditions for antibiotic development. Further, a method for in situ profiling of biofilms within GUVs for high-throughput screening is demonstrated. Conceivably, synthetic GUVs equipped with biopores can serve as a foundation for the high-throughput screening of bacterial colony interactions during biofilm formation and for investigating the effect of antibiotics on biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Heuberger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 22Basel4002Switzerland
| | - Daniel Messmer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 22Basel4002Switzerland
| | - Elena C. dos Santos
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 22Basel4002Switzerland
| | - Dominik Scherrer
- IBM Research Europe–ZürichSäumerstrasse 4Rüschlikon8803Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Lörtscher
- IBM Research Europe–ZürichSäumerstrasse 4Rüschlikon8803Switzerland
- NCCR‐Molecular Systems EngineeringMattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1095Basel4058Switzerland
| | | | - Cornelia G. Palivan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 22Basel4002Switzerland
- NCCR‐Molecular Systems EngineeringMattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1095Basel4058Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute (SNI)University of BaselKlingelbergstrasse 82Basel4056Switzerland
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4
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Saunders C, Foote JEJ, Wojciechowski JP, Cammack A, Pedersen SV, Doutch JJ, Barriga HMG, Holme MN, Penders J, Chami M, Najer A, Stevens MM. Revealing Population Heterogeneity in Vesicle-Based Nanomedicines Using Automated, Single Particle Raman Analysis. ACS NANO 2023; 17:11713-11728. [PMID: 37279338 PMCID: PMC10311594 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic heterogeneity of many nanoformulations is currently challenging to characterize on both the single particle and population level. Therefore, there is great opportunity to develop advanced techniques to describe and understand nanomedicine heterogeneity, which will aid translation to the clinic by informing manufacturing quality control, characterization for regulatory bodies, and connecting nanoformulation properties to clinical outcomes to enable rational design. Here, we present an analytical technique to provide such information, while measuring the nanocarrier and cargo simultaneously with label-free, nondestructive single particle automated Raman trapping analysis (SPARTA). We first synthesized a library of model compounds covering a range of hydrophilicities and providing distinct Raman signals. These compounds were then loaded into model nanovesicles (polymersomes) that can load both hydrophobic and hydrophilic cargo into the membrane or core regions, respectively. Using our analytical framework, we characterized the heterogeneity of the population by correlating the signal per particle from the membrane and cargo. We found that core and membrane loading can be distinguished, and we detected subpopulations of highly loaded particles in certain cases. We then confirmed the suitability of our technique in liposomes, another nanovesicle class, including the commercial formulation Doxil. Our label-free analytical technique precisely determines cargo location alongside loading and release heterogeneity in nanomedicines, which could be instrumental for future quality control, regulatory body protocols, and development of structure-function relationships to bring more nanomedicines to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Saunders
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - James E. J. Foote
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Wojciechowski
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Cammack
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon V. Pedersen
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - James J. Doutch
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot OX11 ODE, United Kingdom
| | - Hanna M. G. Barriga
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margaret N. Holme
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jelle Penders
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Chami
- BioEM
Lab, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Najer
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Sztandera K, Gorzkiewicz M, Wang X, Boye S, Appelhans D, Klajnert-Maculewicz B. pH-stable polymersome as nanocarrier for post-loaded rose bengal in photodynamic therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112662. [PMID: 35785717 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is one of the best alternatives to chemo-, radio- or surgical therapy, as it is noninvasive and causes no severe side effects. The mechanism of photodynamic therapy involves activation of the drug (photosensitizer) with light of appropriate wavelength, which combined with molecular oxygen, leads to production of reactive oxygen species. This starts a cascade of reactions leading to cell death. Thus, the efficiency of this therapy is based mainly on the properties of a photosensitizer, including singlet oxygen yield and accumulation in the tumor area. Current research is aimed at applying nanosystems for the improvement of availability and photodynamic properties of photosensitizers. In order to improve the activity and increase photodynamic potential of rose bengal, one of the most promising drugs in anticancer photodynamic therapy, several drug delivery systems were developed. Among them, polymersomes represent a group of innovative polymeric vesicles mimicking membranous cell structures. Polymersomes are nanosystems made of amphiphilic block copolymers, possessing a spherical, liposome-like architecture. Within this study we present biophysical and in vitro biological characterization of this novel pH-stable nanosystem, which due to the improvement of singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by rose bengal is a good candidate for nanocarrier in photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sztandera
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - M Gorzkiewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - X Wang
- Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan 523059, PR China
| | - S Boye
- Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research Dresden, 6 Hohe St., 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - D Appelhans
- Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research Dresden, 6 Hohe St., 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - B Klajnert-Maculewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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6
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Dually Responsive Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam)-b-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-b-poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) Polymersomes for Controlled Delivery. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113485. [PMID: 35684423 PMCID: PMC9182360 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited tissue selectivity and targeting of anticancer therapeutics in systemic administration can produce harmful side effects in the body. Various polymer nano-vehicles have been developed to encapsulate therapeutics and prevent premature drug release. Dually responsive polymeric vesicles (polymersomes) assembled from temperature-/pH-sensitive block copolymers are particularly interesting for the delivery of encapsulated therapeutics to targeted tumors and inflamed tissues. We have previously demonstrated that temperature-responsive poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL)-b-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-b-PVCL polymersomes exhibit high loading efficiency of anticancer therapeutics in physiological conditions. However, the in-vivo toxicity of these polymersomes as biocompatible materials has not yet been explored. Nevertheless, developing an advanced therapeutic nanocarrier must provide the knowledge of possible risks from the material’s toxicity to support its future clinical research in humans. Herein, we studied pH-induced degradation of PVCL10-b-PDMS65-b-PVCL10 vesicles in-situ and their dually (pH- and temperature-) responsive release of the anticancer drug, doxorubicin, using NMR, DLS, TEM, and absorbance spectroscopy. The toxic potential of the polymersomes was evaluated in-vivo by intravenous injection (40 mg kg−1 single dose) of PVCL10-PDMS65-PVCL10 vesicles to mice. The sub-acute toxicity study (14 days) included gravimetric, histological, and hematological analyses and provided evidence for good biocompatibility and non-toxicity of the biomaterial. These results show the potential of these vesicles to be used in clinical research.
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7
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Safta DA, Bogdan C, Moldovan ML. Vesicular Nanocarriers for Phytocompounds in Wound Care: Preparation and Characterization. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050991. [PMID: 35631577 PMCID: PMC9147886 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The need to develop wound healing preparations is a pressing challenge given the limitations of the current treatment and the rising prevalence of impaired healing wounds. Although herbal extracts have been used for many years to treat skin disorders, due to their wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects, their efficacy can be questionable because of their poor bioavailability and stability issues. Nanotechnology offers an opportunity to revolutionize wound healing therapies by including herbal compounds in nanosystems. Particularly, vesicular nanosystems exhibit beneficial properties, such as biocompatibility, targeted and sustained delivery capacity, and increased phytocompounds’ bioavailability and protection, conferring them a great potential for future applications in wound care. This review summarizes the beneficial effects of phytocompounds in wound healing and emphasizes the advantages of their entrapment in vesicular nanosystems. Different types of lipid nanocarriers are presented (liposomes, niosomes, transferosomes, ethosomes, cubosomes, and their derivates’ systems), highlighting their applications as carriers for phytocompounds in wound care, with the presentation of the state-of-art in this field. The methods of preparation, characterization, and evaluation are also described, underlining the properties that ensure good in vitro and in vivo performance. Finally, future directions of topical systems in which vesicle-bearing herbal extracts or phytocompounds can be incorporated are pointed out, as their development is emerging as a promising strategy.
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8
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Korpidou M, Maffeis V, Dinu IA, Schoenenberger CA, Meier WP, Palivan CG. Inverting glucuronidation of hymecromone in situ by catalytic nanocompartments. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:3916-3926. [PMID: 35485215 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00243d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glucuronidation is a metabolic pathway that inactivates many drugs including hymecromone. Adverse effects of glucuronide metabolites include a reduction of half-life circulation times and rapid elimination from the body. Herein, we developed synthetic catalytic nanocompartments able to cleave the glucuronide moiety from the metabolized form of hymecromone in order to convert it to the active drug. By shielding enzymes from their surroundings, catalytic nanocompartments favor prolonged activity and lower immunogenicity as key aspects to improve the therapeutic solution. The catalytic nanocompartments (CNCs) consist of self-assembled poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) diblock copolymer polymersomes encapsulating β-glucuronidase. Insertion of melittin in the synthetic membrane of these polymersomes provided pores for the diffusion of the hydrophilic hymecromone-glucuronide conjugate to the compartment inside where the encapsulated β-glucuronidase catalyzed its conversion to hymecromone. Our system successfully produced hymecromone from its glucuronide conjugate in both phosphate buffered solution and cell culture medium. CNCs were non-cytotoxic when incubated with HepG2 cells. After being taken up by cells, CNCs produced the drug in situ over 24 hours. Such catalytic platforms, which locally revert a drug metabolite into its active form, open new avenues in the design of therapeutics that aim at prolonging the residence time of a drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Korpidou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Viviana Maffeis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058, Basel, Switzerland. .,NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1095, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ionel Adrian Dinu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058, Basel, Switzerland. .,NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1095, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cora-Ann Schoenenberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058, Basel, Switzerland. .,NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1095, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang P Meier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058, Basel, Switzerland. .,NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1095, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia G Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058, Basel, Switzerland. .,NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1095, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Bariwal J, Ma H, Altenberg GA, Liang H. Nanodiscs: a versatile nanocarrier platform for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1702-1728. [PMID: 35156110 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01074c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapy is a significant challenge due to insufficient drug delivery to the cancer cells and non-selective killing of healthy cells by most chemotherapy agents. Nano-formulations have shown great promise for targeted drug delivery with improved efficiency. The shape and size of nanocarriers significantly affect their transport inside the body and internalization into the cancer cells. Non-spherical nanoparticles have shown prolonged blood circulation half-lives and higher cellular internalization frequency than spherical ones. Nanodiscs are desirable nano-formulations that demonstrate enhanced anisotropic character and versatile functionalization potential. Here, we review the recent development of theranostic nanodiscs for cancer mitigation ranging from traditional lipid nanodiscs encased by membrane scaffold proteins to newer nanodiscs where either the membrane scaffold proteins or the lipid bilayers themselves are replaced with their synthetic analogues. We first discuss early cancer detection enabled by nanodiscs. We then explain different strategies that have been explored to carry a wide range of payloads for chemotherapy, cancer gene therapy, and cancer vaccines. Finally, we discuss recent progress on organic-inorganic hybrid nanodiscs and polymer nanodiscs that have the potential to overcome the inherent instability problem of lipid nanodiscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Bariwal
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Hairong Ma
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Guillermo A Altenberg
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Hongjun Liang
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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10
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Zartner L, Maffeis V, Schoenenberger CA, Dinu IA, Palivan CG. Membrane protein channels equipped with a cleavable linker for inducing catalysis inside nanocompartments. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:9012-9022. [PMID: 34623367 PMCID: PMC8580015 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01463c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Precisely timed initiation of reactions and stability of the catalysts are fundamental in catalysis. We introduce here an efficient closing-opening method for nanocompartments that contain sensitive catalysts and so achieve a controlled and extended catalytic activity. We developed a chemistry-oriented approach for modifying a pore-forming membrane protein which allows for a stimuli-responsive pore opening within the membrane of polymeric nanocompartments. We synthesized a diol-containing linker that selectively binds to the pores, blocking them completely. In the presence of an external stimulus (periodate), the linker is cleaved allowing the diffusion of substrate through the pores to the nanocompartment interior where it sets off the in situ enzymatic reaction. Besides the precise initiation of catalytic activity by opening of the pores, oxidation by periodate guarantees the cleavage of the linker under mild conditions. Accordingly, this kind of responsive nanocompartment lends itself to harboring a large variety of sensitive catalysts such as proteins and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Zartner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Viviana Maffeis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
- NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, BPR1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cora-Ann Schoenenberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
- NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, BPR1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ionel Adrian Dinu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
- NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, BPR1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia G Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
- NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, BPR1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Mertz M, Castiglione K. Increased Protein Encapsulation in Polymersomes with Hydrophobic Membrane Anchoring Peptides in a Scalable Process. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7134. [PMID: 34281201 PMCID: PMC8268381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hollow vesicles made from a single or double layer of block-copolymer molecules, called polymersomes, represent an important technological platform for new developments in nano-medicine and nano-biotechnology. A central aspect in creating functional polymersomes is their combination with proteins, especially through encapsulation in the inner cavity of the vesicles. When producing polymersomes by techniques such as film rehydration, significant proportions of the proteins used are trapped in the vesicle lumen, resulting in high encapsulation efficiencies. However, because of the difficulty of scaling up, such methods are limited to laboratory experiments and are not suitable for industrial scale production. Recently, we developed a scalable polymersome production process in stirred-tank reactors, but the statistical encapsulation of proteins resulted in fairly low encapsulation efficiencies of around 0.5%. To increase encapsulation in this process, proteins were genetically fused with hydrophobic membrane anchoring peptides. This resulted in encapsulation efficiencies of up to 25.68%. Since proteins are deposited on the outside and inside of the polymer membrane in this process, two methods for the targeted removal of protein domains by proteolysis with tobacco etch virus protease and intein splicing were evaluated. This study demonstrates the proof-of-principle for production of protein-functionalized polymersomes in a scalable process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathrin Castiglione
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany;
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12
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Quattrini F, Berrecoso G, Crecente-Campo J, Alonso MJ. Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation as a multifunctional technique for the characterization of polymeric nanocarriers. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:373-395. [PMID: 33521866 PMCID: PMC7987708 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The importance of polymeric nanocarriers in the field of drug delivery is ever-increasing, and the accurate characterization of their properties is paramount to understand and predict their behavior. Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) is a fractionation technique that has gained considerable attention for its gentle separation conditions, broad working range, and versatility. AF4 can be hyphenated to a plurality of concentration and size detectors, thus permitting the analysis of the multifunctionality of nanomaterials. Despite this potential, the practical information that can be retrieved by AF4 and its possible applications are still rather unfamiliar to the pharmaceutical scientist. This review was conceived as a primer that clearly states the "do's and don'ts" about AF4 applied to the characterization of polymeric nanocarriers. Aside from size characterization, AF4 can be beneficial during formulation optimization, for drug loading and drug release determination and for the study of interactions among biomaterials. It will focus mainly on the advances made in the last 5 years, as well as indicating the problematics on the consensus, which have not been reached yet. Methodological recommendations for several case studies will be also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Quattrini
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, Singular Research Centers, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Germán Berrecoso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, Singular Research Centers, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), IDIS Research Institute, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Crecente-Campo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, Singular Research Centers, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), IDIS Research Institute, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - María José Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, Singular Research Centers, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), IDIS Research Institute, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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13
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Zhao T, Fu Y, Jang MS, Sun XS, Wu T, Lee JH, Li Y, Lee DS, Yang HY. A pH-activated charge convertible quantum dot as a novel nanocarrier for targeted protein delivery and real-time cancer cell imaging. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 118:111449. [PMID: 33255037 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapid developments of nanocarriers based on quantum dots (QDs) have been confirmed to show substantial promise for drug delivery and bioimaging. However, optimal QDs-based nanocarriers still need to have their controlled behavior in vitro and in vivo and decrease heavy metal-associated cytotoxicity. Herein, a pH-activated charge convertible QD-based nanocarrier was fabricated by capping multifunctional polypeptide ligands (mPEG-block-poly(ethylenediamine-dihydrolipoic acid-2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride)-L-glutamate, PEG-P(ED-DLA-DMA)LG) onto the surface of core/multishell CdSe@ZnS/ZnS QD by means of a ligand exchange strategy, followed by uploading of cytochrome C (CC) (CC-loaded QD-PEG-P(ED-DLA-DMA)LG) via electrostatic interactions, in which QDs that were water-soluble and protein-loading were perfectly integrated. That is, the CC-loaded QD-PEG-P(ED-DLA-DMA)LG inherited excellent fluorescence properties from CdSe@ZnS/ZnS QD for real-time imaging, as well as tumor-microenvironment sensitivities from PEG-P(ED-DLA-DMA)LG for enhanced cellular uptake and CC release. Experimental results verified that the QD-PEG-P(ED-DLA-DMA)LG showed enhanced internalization, rapid endo/lysosomal escape, and supplied legible real-time imaging for lung carcinoma cells. Furthermore, pH-triggered charge-convertible ability enabled the QD-PEG-P(ED-DLA-DMA)LG-CC to effectively kill cancer cells better than did the control groups. Hence, constructing smart nanocomposites by facile ligand-exchange strategy is beneficial to QD-based nanocarrier for tumor-targeting cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City 132022, People's Republic of China; College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun City 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Fu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City 132022, People's Republic of China
| | - Moon-Sun Jang
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine and Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Xin Shun Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City 132022, People's Republic of China
| | - Tepeng Wu
- Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center and School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Lee
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine and Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Li
- Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center and School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Sung Lee
- Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center and School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Yu Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City 132022, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Moreno S, Boye S, Lederer A, Falanga A, Galdiero S, Lecommandoux S, Voit B, Appelhans D. Avidin Localizations in pH-Responsive Polymersomes for Probing the Docking of Biotinylated (Macro)molecules in the Membrane and Lumen. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:5162-5172. [PMID: 33180486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To mimic organelles and cells and to construct next-generation therapeutics, asymmetric functionalization and location of proteins for artificial vesicles is thoroughly needed to emphasize the complex interplay of biological units and systems through spatially separated and spatiotemporal controlled actions, release, and communications. For the challenge of vesicle (= polymersome) construction, the membrane permeability and the location of the cargo are important key characteristics that determine their potential applications. Herein, an in situ and post loading process of avidin in pH-responsive and photo-cross-linked polymersomes is developed and characterized. First, loading efficiency, main location (inside, lumen, outside), and release of avidin under different conditions have been validated, including the pH-stable presence of avidin in polymersomes' membrane outside and inside. This advantageous approach allows us to selectively functionalize the outer and inner membranes as well as the lumen with several bio(macro)molecules, generally suited for the construction of asymmetrically functionalized artificial organelles. In addition, a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect was used to study the permeability or uptake of the polymersome membrane against a broad range of biotinylated (macro)molecules (different typology, sizes, and shapes) under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Moreno
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Boye
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Albena Lederer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.,School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Annarita Falanga
- Department of Pharmacy, CiRPEB, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, CiRPEB, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Sébastien Lecommandoux
- Universite de Bordeaux, ENSCPB, 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, Cedex, France.,CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymeres Organiques, UMR, 5629 Pessac, France
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.,Organic Chemistry of Polymers, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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15
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Intracellular delivery of cytochrome C using hypoxia-responsive polypeptide micelles for efficient cancer therapy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 114:111069. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Iqbal S, Blenner M, Alexander-Bryant A, Larsen J. Polymersomes for Therapeutic Delivery of Protein and Nucleic Acid Macromolecules: From Design to Therapeutic Applications. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1327-1350. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Iqbal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Mark Blenner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Angela Alexander-Bryant
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Jessica Larsen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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17
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Sabourian P, Ji J, Lotocki V, Moquin A, Hanna R, Frounchi M, Maysinger D, Kakkar A. Facile design of autogenous stimuli-responsive chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles for efficient small molecules to protein delivery. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:7275-7287. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00772b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is functionalized with oxidative stress-sensitive thioketal entities in a one-pot methodology, and self-assembled into drugs or protein loaded dual stimuli responsive nanoparticles, which kill glioblastoma cells and increase nerve outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Sabourian
- Department of Chemistry
- McGill University
- Montréal
- Canada
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
| | - Jeff Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics
- McGill University
- Montréal
- Canada
| | | | - Alexandre Moquin
- Department of Chemistry
- McGill University
- Montréal
- Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics
| | - Ramez Hanna
- Department of Chemistry
- McGill University
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Masoud Frounchi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
- Sharif University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics
- McGill University
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry
- McGill University
- Montréal
- Canada
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18
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Abstract
From drug delivery to nanoreactors and protocells, polymersomes have gained considerable interest from researchers due to their novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Lefley
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
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19
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Yang HY, Li Y, Jang MS, Fu Y, Wu T, Lee JH, Lee DS. Green preparation of pH-responsive and dual targeting hyaluronic acid nanogels for efficient protein delivery. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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21
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Venkataprasanna KS, Prakash J, Vignesh S, Bharath G, Venkatesan M, Banat F, Sahabudeen S, Ramachandran S, Devanand Venkatasubbu G. Fabrication of Chitosan/PVA/GO/CuO patch for potential wound healing application. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 143:744-762. [PMID: 31622704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a common issue in our day to day life. Our immune system repairs the damaged tissue by itself and its a time-consuming process. The GO/CuO nanocomposite (NC) was synthesized through the sol-gel method. XRD, FT-IR, Raman, and TEM analysis were used to analysis the physico-chemical properties of the sample. The GO/CuO patches were prepared using chitosan (Cs)/poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) due to its biocompatibility and biodegradable nature. The obtained patches showed better antimicrobial and wound healing property than recently reported materials. The GO/CuO NC plays a major part in angiogenesis process and in the synthesis, stabilization of extracellular matrix skin proteins. Thus, GO/CuO NC enhance the wound healing mechanism by increasing cell proliferation, antimicrobial property and rapid initiation of inflammatory. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of CuO, GO, GO/CuO and GO/CuO patch were tested against bacteria causing wound infections. Cs/PVA patch and Cs/PVA/GO/CuO patch were analyzed for swelling, evaporation and degradation behavior. Increase in cell viability and migration of NIH3t3 cells by NC patch shows a potential way for wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Venkataprasanna
- Department of Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram Dist, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
| | - J Prakash
- Department of Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram Dist, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
| | - S Vignesh
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram Dist, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Bharath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Manigandan Venkatesan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research Education, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - S Sahabudeen
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram Dist, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Ramachandran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research Education, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Devanand Venkatasubbu
- Department of Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram Dist, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India.
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22
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Kozlovskaya V, Liu F, Yang Y, Ingle K, Qian S, Halade GV, Urban VS, Kharlampieva E. Temperature-Responsive Polymersomes of Poly(3-methyl- N-vinylcaprolactam)- block-poly( N-vinylpyrrolidone) To Decrease Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3989-4000. [PMID: 31503464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite being one of the most potent chemotherapeutics, doxorubicin (DOX) facilitates cardiac toxicity by irreversibly damaging the cardiac muscle as well as severely dysregulating the immune system and impairing the resolution of cardiac inflammation. Herein, we report synthesis and aqueous self-assembly of nanosized polymersomes from temperature-responsive poly(3-methyl-N-vinylcaprolactam)-block-poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PMVC-PVPON) diblock copolymers and demonstrate their potential to minimize DOX cardiotoxicity compared to liposomal DOX. RAFT polymerization of vinylpyrrolidone and 3-methyl-N-vinylcaprolactam, which are structurally similar monomers but have drastically different hydrophobicity, allows decreasing the cloud point of PMVCm-PVPONn copolymers below 20 °C. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the PMVC58-PVPONn copolymer varied from 19.2 to 18.6 and to 15.2 °C by decreasing the length of the hydrophilic PVPONn block from n = 98 to n = 65 and to n = 20, respectively. The copolymers assembled into stable vesicles at room temperature when PVPON polymerization degrees were 65 and 98. Anticancer drug DOX was entrapped with high efficiency into the aqueous PMVC58-PVPON65 polymersomal core surrounded by the hydrophobic temperature-sensitive PMVC shell and the hydrophilic PVPON corona. Unlike many liposomal, micellar, or synthetic drug delivery systems, these polymersomes exhibit an exceptionally high loading capacity of DOX (49%) and encapsulation efficiency (95%) due to spontaneous loading of the drug at room temperature from aqueous DOX solution. We also show that C57BL/6J mice injected with the lethal dose of DOX at 15 mg kg-1 did not survive the 14 day treatment, resulting in 100% mortality. The DOX-loaded PMVC58-PVPON65 polymersomes did not cause any mortality in mice indicating that they can be used for successful DOX encapsulation. The gravimetric analyses of the animal organs from mice treated with liposome-encapsulated DOX (Lipo-DOX) and PMVC58-PVPON65 polymersomes (Poly-DOX) revealed that the Lipo-DOX injection caused some toxicity manifesting as decreased body weight compared to Poly-DOX and saline control. Masses of the left ventricle of the heart, lung, and spleen reduced in the Lipo-DOX-treated mice compared to the nontoxic saline control, while no significant decrease of those masses was observed for the Poly-DOX-treated mice. Our results provide evidence for superior stability of synthetic polymersomes in vivo and show promise for the development of next-generation drug carriers with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shuo Qian
- Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | | | - Volker S Urban
- Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
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23
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Maysinger D, Ji J. Nanostructured Modulators of Neuroglia. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:3905-3916. [PMID: 31512994 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190912163339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Biological and synthetic nanostructures can influence both glia and neurons in the central nervous system. Neurons represent only a small proportion (about 10%) of cells in the brain, whereas glial cells are the most abundant cell type. Non-targeted nanomedicines are mainly internalized by glia, in particular microglia, and to a lesser extent by astrocytes. Internalized nanomedicines by glia indirectly modify the functional status of neurons. The mechanisms of biochemical, morphological and functional changes of neural cells exposed to nanomedicines are still not well-understood. This minireview provides a cross-section of morphological and biochemical changes in glial cells and neurons exposed to different classes of hard and soft nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3AOG4, Canada
| | - Jeff Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3AOG4, Canada
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24
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Moquin A, Sturn J, Zhang I, Ji J, von Celsing R, Vali H, Maysinger D, Kakkar A. Unraveling Aqueous Self-Assembly of Telodendrimers to Shed Light on Their Efficacy in Drug Encapsulation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:4515-4526. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Moquin
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jessica Sturn
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Issan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jeff Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Richard von Celsing
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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