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Das S, Nigam S, Sharma P, Majumder C. Evolution of the atomic and electronic structures of CuO clusters: a comprehensive study using the DFT approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:11506-11515. [PMID: 38586893 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06235j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
One of the most fundamental aspects of cluster science is to understand the structural evolution at the atomic scale. In this connection, here we report a comprehensive study of the atomic and electronic structures of (CuO)n clusters for n = 1 to 12 using DFT-based formalisms. Both the plane wave-based pseudo-potential approach and LCAO-MO-based method have been employed to obtain the ground state geometries of neutral, cation and anion copper oxide clusters. The results reveal that neutral copper oxide clusters favor a planar ring structure up to heptamer and from octamer onwards they adopt a three-dimensional motif with (CuO)9 and (CuO)12 forming a barrel-shaped layered structure. Detailed electronic structure analysis reveals that the transition of the atomic structure from 2D to 3D is guided by the energy balance of the Cu-O (d-p) and Cu-Cu (d-d) bonds. The removal of one electron from the cluster (cation) results in slightly stretched bonds while the addition of one electron (anion) showed compression in the overall geometries. The thermodynamic and electronic stability of these clusters has been analyzed by estimating their binding energy, ionization energy and electron affinity as a function of size. Remarkably, among these clusters, the octamer (CuO)8 and dodecamer (CuO)12 show higher binding energy and electron affinity (∼6.5 eV) with lower ionization energy (5.5-6.0 eV). This unique feature of the octamer and dodecamer indicates that they are very promising candidates for both oxidizing and reducing agents in different important chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Das
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India.
| | - Sandeep Nigam
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India.
| | - Pramod Sharma
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India.
| | - Chiranjib Majumder
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India.
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Warren LR, Rowell A, McMaster P, Pulham CR, Morrison CA. Accounting for super-, plateau- and mesa-rate burning by lead and copper-based ballistic modifiers in double-base propellants: a computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:23995-24003. [PMID: 37646274 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03197g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a first-principles computational study to understand the action of lead and copper-based ballistic modifiers in the combustion of double-base propellants (DBPs). We show that lead oxide clusters are easily broken down upon addition of small amounts of carbon and the resulting graphitic matrix, dispersed with weakly bound and exposed Pb sites, acts as a Lewis acid to bind small molecule Lewis bases such as NO2 and CH2O that form in the combustion flame. This accounts for super-rate burning, where the fuel burn rate is enhanced. We also show how carbon availability accounts for the plateau- and mesa-rate burning effects, where the fuel burn rate is suppressed. In contrast, cluster integrity on binding carbon to copper oxide is retained, and interaction with NO2 and CH2O is essentially negligible. Carbon binds more strongly to copper oxide, however, and we therefore propose that when carbon levels start to fall this results in the lead oxide clusters being starved of carbon, which leads to plateau and mesa burning. Taken together, the calculations support a general model that accounts for the super-, plateau- and mesa-rate ballistic modifier burning effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette R Warren
- EaSTCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Aaron Rowell
- EaSTCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | | | - Colin R Pulham
- EaSTCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Carole A Morrison
- EaSTCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
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Misao Y, Nagata T, Nakano M, Ohshimo K, Misaizu F. Structural assignments of yttrium oxide cluster cations studied by ion mobility mass spectrometry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:11096-11103. [PMID: 35474247 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05929g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The geometric structures of yttrium oxide cluster ions, YnOm+ (n = 3-11), were experimentally assigned for stable compositions by ion mobility mass spectrometry combined with theoretical calculations. The stable compositions were firstly determined by collision induced dissociation experiments in mass spectrometry as YO(Y2O3)x+ and YO2(Y2O3)x+ for odd numbers of Y atoms (n = 2x + 1) and (Y2O3)x+ and O(Y2O3)x+ for even numbers of Y atoms (n = 2x). The structures of the ions with the above compositions were assigned by comparing the collision cross sections obtained in the ion mobility measurement with those obtained by theoretical calculations. The assigned structures have the following two characteristic features. Firstly, metal-metal or oxygen-oxygen bonds were rarely observed, and most of the oxygen atoms bridge two Y atoms, which is due to the ionic bonding nature between Y3+ and O2- ions. Secondly, common Y-atom frameworks were obtained for the ions with the same number of Y atoms n. For example, for the clusters with even numbers of Y atoms, one atomic oxygen radical anion (O-) in the most stable structures of (Y2O3)x+ was replaced with a superoxide ion (O2-) to form the most stable structures of O(Y2O3)x+ ions, keeping the Y-atom framework geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotaro Misao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Nagata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Motoyoshi Nakano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Keijiro Ohshimo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Fuminori Misaizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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Xin K, Chen Y, Zhang L, Wang X, Wang G. Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of Mass-Selected Cu 2O 2(CO) n+ Clusters in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:3859-3864. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xin
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yinjuan Chen
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Luning Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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