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Le VD, Destouches N. Optical diffraction properties of three superimposed self-organized nanostructures induced by a laser process. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2024; 41:296-302. [PMID: 38437342 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.512414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the diffraction properties of materials over a large area holds great promise for a wide range of optical applications. Laser-based techniques have emerged as a viable solution to address this need. Here, we present the diffraction properties of laser-induced self-organized structures, which consist of three interlaced grating-like structures: self-organized nanoparticles, self-organized cracks, and laser marking lines. Under normal incidence external illumination, the sample exhibits an asymmetric diffraction pattern. However, when the incidence angle is tilted, circular diffraction patterns are observed in the plane perpendicular to both the sample and the incidence plane. These phenomena are attributed to the combination effect of the diffraction gratings. To elucidate the underlying physics of multiple diffraction, we use rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) and grating equations written in direction cosine space, extended to account for the presence of three superimposed gratings. Exploiting the laser-induced diffraction properties of these samples may have great potential for various industrial implementations, including security, display, and design.
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2
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Simpson NG, Broadhead EJ, Casto AM, Tibbetts KM. Enhancement of Metal Nanostructure Deposition on Silicon Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures by Galvanic Replacement. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:241-250. [PMID: 38113511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
We report a chemically motivated, single-step method to enhance metal deposition onto silicon laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) using reactive laser ablation in liquid (RLAL). Galvanic replacement (GR) reactions were used in conjunction with RLAL (GR-RLAL) to promote the deposition of Au and Cu nanostructures onto a Si LIPSS. To increase the deposition of Au, sacrificial metals Cu, Fe, and Zn were used; Fe and Zn also enhanced the deposition of Cu. We show that the deposited metal content, surface morphology, and metal crystallite size can be tuned based on the difference in electrochemical potentials of the deposited and sacrificial metal. Compared to the Au and Cu reference samples, GR more than doubled the metal content on the LIPSS and reduced metal crystallite sizes by up to 20%. The ability to tune the metal content and crystalline domain size simultaneously makes GR-RLAL a potentially useful approach in the manufacturing of functional metal-LIPSS materials such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Eric J Broadhead
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Addison M Casto
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Katharine Moore Tibbetts
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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Fan P, Jiang G, Hu X, Wang L, Zhang H, Zhong M. Localized in-situ deposition: a new dimension to control in fabricating surface micro/nano structures via ultrafast laser ablation. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2023; 16:36. [PMID: 37975937 PMCID: PMC10656395 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-023-00092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Controllable fabrication of surface micro/nano structures is the key to realizing surface functionalization for various applications. As a versatile approach, ultrafast laser ablation has been widely studied for surface micro/nano structuring. Increasing research efforts in this field have been devoted to gaining more control over the fabrication processes to meet the increasing need for creation of complex structures. In this paper, we focus on the in-situ deposition process following the plasma formation under ultrafast laser ablation. From an overview perspective, we firstly summarize the different roles that plasma plumes, from pulsed laser ablation of solids, play in different laser processing approaches. Then, the distinctive in-situ deposition process within surface micro/nano structuring is highlighted. Our experimental work demonstrated that the in-situ deposition during ultrafast laser surface structuring can be controlled as a localized micro-additive process to pile up secondary ordered structures, through which a unique kind of hierarchical structure with fort-like bodies sitting on top of micro cone arrays were fabricated as a showcase. The revealed laser-matter interaction mechanism can be inspiring for the development of new ultrafast laser fabrication approaches, adding a new dimension and more flexibility in controlling the fabrication of functional surface micro/nano structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixun Fan
- Laser Materials Processing Research Centre, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Guochen Jiang
- Laser Materials Processing Research Centre, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- Laser Materials Processing Research Centre, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lizhong Wang
- Laser Materials Processing Research Centre, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hongjun Zhang
- Laser Materials Processing Research Centre, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Minlin Zhong
- Laser Materials Processing Research Centre, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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4
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Shuleiko D, Zabotnov S, Sokolovskaya O, Poliakov M, Volkova L, Kunkel T, Kuzmin E, Danilov P, Kudryashov S, Pepelayev D, Kozyukhin S, Golovan L, Kashkarov P. Hierarchical Surface Structures and Large-Area Nanoscale Gratings in As 2S 3 and As 2Se 3 Films Irradiated with Femtosecond Laser Pulses. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4524. [PMID: 37444839 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Chalcogenide vitreous semiconductors (ChVSs) find application in rewritable optical memory storage and optically switchable infrared photonic devices due to the possibility of fast and reversible phase transitions, as well as high refractive index and transmission in the near- and mid-infrared spectral range. Formed on such materials, laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), open wide prospects for increasing information storage capacity and create polarization-sensitive optical elements of infrared photonics. In the present work, a possibility to produce LIPSSs under femtosecond laser irradiation (pulse duration 300 fs, wavelength 515 nm, repetition rate up to 2 kHz, pulse energy ranged 0.03 to 0.5 μJ) is demonstrated on a large (up to 5 × 5 mm2) area of arsenic sulfide (As2S3) and arsenic selenide (As2Se3) ChVS films. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopy revealed that LIPSSs with various periods (170-490 nm) and orientations can coexist within the same irradiated region as a hierarchical structure, resulting from the interference of various plasmon polariton modes generated under intense photoexcitation of nonequilibrium carriers within the film. The depth of the structures varied from 30 to 100 nm. The periods and orientations of the formed LIPSSs were numerically simulated using the Sipe-Drude approach. A good agreement of the calculations with the experimental data was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Shuleiko
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav Zabotnov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Sokolovskaya
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maksim Poliakov
- Institute of Nanotechnology of Microelectronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16A Nagatinskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lidiya Volkova
- Institute of Nanotechnology of Microelectronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16A Nagatinskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Kunkel
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy Per., 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Evgeny Kuzmin
- Lebedev Physical Institute, The Russian Academy of Science, 53 Leninsky Avenue, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Danilov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, The Russian Academy of Science, 53 Leninsky Avenue, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Kudryashov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, The Russian Academy of Science, 53 Leninsky Avenue, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Pepelayev
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies, National Research University of Electronic Technology, 1 Shokina Sq., 124498 Zelenograd, Russia
| | - Sergey Kozyukhin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Avenue, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Golovan
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Kashkarov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", 1 Akademika Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Beeram R, Vendamani VS, Soma VR. Deep learning approach to overcome signal fluctuations in SERS for efficient On-Site trace explosives detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 289:122218. [PMID: 36512965 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an improved Raman spectroscopy technique to identify the analyte under study uniquely. At the laboratory scale, SERS has realised a huge potential to detect trace analytes with promising applications across multiple disciplines. However, onsite detection with SERS is still limited, given the unwanted glitches of signal reliability and blinking. SERS has inherent signal fluctuations due to multiple factors such as analyte adsorption, inhomogeneous distribution of hotspots, molecule orientation etc. making it a stochastic process. Given these signal fluctuations, validating a signal as a representation of the analyte often relies on an expert's knowledge. Here we present a neural network-aided SERS model (NNAS) without expert interference to efficiently identify reliable SERS spectra of trace explosives (tetryl and picric acid) and a dye molecule (crystal violet). The model uses the signal-to-noise ratio approach to label the spectra as representative (RS) and non-representative (NRS), eliminating the reliability of the expert. Further, experimental conditions were systematically varied to simulate general variations in SERS instrumentation, and a deep-learning model was trained. The model has been validated with a validation set followed by out-of-sample testing with an accuracy of 98% for all the analytes. We believe this model can efficiently bridge the gap between laboratory and on-site detection using SERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Beeram
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - V S Vendamani
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Venugopal Rao Soma
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India.
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6
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Dehariya D, Eswar K, Tarafdar A, Balusamy S, Rengan AK. Recent Advances of Nanobubble-based systems in Cancer Therapeutics: A Review. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ADVANCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2023.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
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Moram SSB, Byram C, Soma VR. Femtosecond laser patterned silicon embedded with gold nanostars as a hybrid SERS substrate for pesticide detection. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2620-2630. [PMID: 36741174 PMCID: PMC9844677 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07859g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed simple and cost-effective surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates for the trace detection of pesticide (thiram and thiabendazole) and dye (methylene blue and Nile blue) molecules. Surface patterns (micro/nanostructures) on silicon (Si) substrates were fabricated using the technique of femtosecond (fs) laser ablation in ambient air. Different surface patterns were achieved by tuning the number of laser pulses per unit area (4200, 8400, 42 000, and 84 000 pulses per mm2) on Si. Subsequently, chemically synthesized gold (Au) nanostars were embedded in these laser-patterned areas of Si to achieve a plasmonic active hybrid SERS substrate. Further, the SERS performance of the as-prepared Au nanostar embedded Si substrates were tested with different probe molecules. The as-prepared substrates allowed us to detect a minimum concentration of 0.1 ppm in the case of thiram, 1 ppm in the case of thiabendazole (TBZ), 1.6 ppb in the case of methylene blue (MB), and 1.8 ppb in case of Nile blue (NB). All these were achieved using a simple, field-deployable, portable Raman spectrometer. Additionally, the optimized SERS substrate demonstrated ∼21 times higher SERS enhancement than the Au nanostar embedded plain Si substrate. Furthermore, the optimized SERS platform was utilized to detect a mixture of dyes (MB + NB) and pesticides (thiram + TBZ). The possible reasons for the observed additional enhancement are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Satya Bharati Moram
- Advanced Centre for Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), DRDO Industry Academia–Centre of Excellence (DIA-COE), University of HyderabadProf. C. R. Rao RoadHyderabad 500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Chandu Byram
- Department of Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Dayton300 College ParkDaytonOhio 45469USA
| | - Venugopal Rao Soma
- Advanced Centre for Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), DRDO Industry Academia–Centre of Excellence (DIA-COE), University of HyderabadProf. C. R. Rao RoadHyderabad 500046TelanganaIndia
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8
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Kazemzadeh M, Martinez-Calderon M, Paek SY, Lowe M, Aguergaray C, Xu W, Chamley LW, Broderick NGR, Hisey CL. Classification of Preeclamptic Placental Extracellular Vesicles Using Femtosecond Laser Fabricated Nanoplasmonic Sensors. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1698-1711. [PMID: 35658424 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Placental extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an essential role in pregnancy by protecting and transporting diverse biomolecules that aid in fetomaternal communication. However, in preeclampsia, they have also been implicated in contributing to disease progression. Despite their potential clinical value, current technologies cannot provide a rapid and effective means of differentiating between healthy and diseased placental EVs. To address this, a fabrication process called laser-induced nanostructuring of SERS-active thin films (LINST) was developed to produce scalable nanoplasmonic substrates that provide exceptional Raman signal enhancement and allow the biochemical fingerprinting of EVs. After validating the performance of LINST substrates with chemical standards, placental EVs from tissue explant cultures were characterized, demonstrating that preeclamptic and normotensive placental EVs have classifiably distinct Raman spectra following the application of advanced machine learning algorithms. Given the abundance of placental EVs in maternal circulation, these findings encourage immediate exploration of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of EVs as a promising method for preeclampsia liquid biopsies, while this novel fabrication process will provide a versatile and scalable substrate for many other SERS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadrahim Kazemzadeh
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.,Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | | | - Song Y Paek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - MoiMoi Lowe
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1061, New Zealand
| | - Claude Aguergaray
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1061, New Zealand
| | - Weiliang Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.,Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Lawrence W Chamley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.,Hub for Extracellular Vesicle Investigations, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Neil G R Broderick
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1061, New Zealand
| | - Colin L Hisey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.,Hub for Extracellular Vesicle Investigations, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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9
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Rathod J, Byram C, Kanaka RK, Sree Satya Bharati M, Banerjee D, Akkanaboina M, Soma VR. Hybrid Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates for the Trace Detection of Ammonium Nitrate, Thiram, and Nile Blue. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15969-15981. [PMID: 35571848 PMCID: PMC9096967 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication and performance evaluation of hybrid surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates involving laser ablation and chemical routes for the trace-level detection of various analyte molecules. Initially, picosecond laser ablation experiments under ambient conditions were performed on pure silver (Ag) and gold (Au) substrates to achieve distinct nanosized features on the surface. The properties of the generated surface features on laser-processed portions of Ag/Au targets were systematically analyzed using UV-visible reflection and field emission scanning electron microscopy studies. Later, hybrid-SERS substrates were achieved by grafting the chemically synthesized Au nanostars on the plain and laser-processed plasmonic targets. Subsequently, we employed these as SERS platforms for the detection of a pesticide (thiram), a molecule used in explosive compositions [ammonium nitrate (AN)], and a dye molecule [Nile blue (NB)]. A comparative SERS study between the Au nanostar-decorated bare glass, silicon, Ag, Au, and laser-processed Ag and Au targets has been established. Our studies and the obtained data have unambiguously determined that laser-processed Ag structures have demonstrated reasonably good enhancements in the Raman signal intensities for distinct analytes among other substrates. Importantly, the fabricated hybrid SERS substrate of "Au nanostar-decorated laser-processed Ag" exhibited up to eight times enhancement in the SERS intensity compared to laser-processed Ag (without nanostars), as well as up to three times enhancement than the Au nanostar-loaded plain Ag substrates. Additionally, the achieved detection limits from the Au nanostar-decorated laser-processed Ag SERS substrate were ∼50 pM, ∼5 nM, and ∼5 μM for NB, thiram, and AN, respectively. The estimated enhancement factors accomplished from the Au nanostar-decorated laser-processed Ag substrate were ∼106, ∼106, and ∼104 for NB, thiram, and AN, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagannath Rathod
- Advanced
Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Chandu Byram
- Advanced
Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Kanaka
- School
of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Moram Sree Satya Bharati
- Advanced
Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Dipanjan Banerjee
- Advanced
Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | | | - Venugopal Rao Soma
- Advanced
Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
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10
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Vendamani VS, Beeram R, Nageswara Rao SVS, Pathak AP, Soma VR. Trace level detection of explosives and pesticides using robust, low-cost, free-standing silver nanoparticles decorated porous silicon. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:30045-30061. [PMID: 34614736 DOI: 10.1364/oe.434275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We report results from our extensive studies on the fabrication of ultra-thin, flexible, and cost-effective Ag nanoparticle (NP) coated free-standing porous silicon (FS-pSi) for superior molecular sensing. The FS-pSi has been prepared by adopting a simple wet-etching method. The deposition time of AgNO3 has been increased to improve the number of hot-spot regions, thereby the sensing abilities are improved efficiently. FESEM images illustrated the morphology of uniformly distributed AgNPs on the pSi surface. Initially, a dye molecule [methylene blue (MB)] was used as a probe to evaluate the sensing capabilities of the substrate using the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique. The detection was later extended towards the sensing of two important explosive molecules [ammonium nitrate (AN), picric acid (PA)], and a pesticide molecule (thiram) clearly demonstrating the versatility of the investigated substrates. The sensitivity was confirmed by estimating the analytical enhancement factor (AEF), which was ∼107 for MB and ∼104 for explosives and pesticides. We have also evaluated the limit of detection (LOD) values in each case, which were found to be 50 nM, 1 µM, 2 µM, and 1 µM, respectively, for MB, PA, AN, and thiram. Undeniably, our detailed SERS results established excellent reproducibility with a low RSD (relative standard deviation). Furthermore, we also demonstrate the reasonable stability of AgNPs decorated pSi by inspecting and studying their SERS performance over a period of 90 days. The overall cost of these substrates is attractive for practical applications on account of the above-mentioned superior qualities.
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Borodaenko Y, Gurbatov S, Tutov M, Zhizhchenko A, Kulinich SA, Kuchmizhak A, Mironenko A. Direct Femtosecond Laser Fabrication of Chemically Functionalized Ultra-Black Textures on Silicon for Sensing Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020401. [PMID: 33557328 PMCID: PMC7914965 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present the single-step laser-assisted fabrication of anti-reflective hierarchical surface textures on silicon locally functionalized with a photoluminescent (PL) molecular nanolayer. Using femtosecond-laser ablation of commercial crystalline Si wafers placed under a layer of a solution containing rhodamine 6G (R6G) a triethoxysilyl derivative, we fabricated ordered arrays of microconical protrusions with self-organized nanoscale surface morphology. At the same time, the laser-induced temperature increase facilitated surface activation and local binding of the R6G derivative to the as-fabricated nanotextured surface. The produced dual-scale surface textures showed remarkable broadband (visible to near-IR) light-absorbing properties with an averaged reflectivity of around 1%, and the capping molecular nanolayer demonstrated a strongly enhanced PL yield. By performing a pH sensing test using the produced nanotextured substrate, we confirmed the retention of sensory properties of the molecules attached to the surface and validated the potential applicability of the high-performing liquid-assisted laser processing as a key technology for the development of innovative multifunctional sensing devices in which the textured substrate (e.g., ultra-black semiconductor) plays a dual role as a support and PL signal amplifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Borodaenko
- Far Eastern Federal University, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.B.); (M.T.); (S.A.K.)
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes FEB RAS, 5 Radio St., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (S.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Stanislav Gurbatov
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes FEB RAS, 5 Radio St., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (S.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Mikhail Tutov
- Far Eastern Federal University, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.B.); (M.T.); (S.A.K.)
- Institute of Chemistry FEB RAS, 159 Pr. 100-let Vladivostoka, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexey Zhizhchenko
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes FEB RAS, 5 Radio St., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (S.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Sergei A. Kulinich
- Far Eastern Federal University, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.B.); (M.T.); (S.A.K.)
- Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Aleksandr Kuchmizhak
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes FEB RAS, 5 Radio St., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (S.G.); (A.Z.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (A.M.); Tel.: +7-914-070-1626 (A.K.); +7-904-627-6060 (A.M.)
| | - Aleksandr Mironenko
- Institute of Chemistry FEB RAS, 159 Pr. 100-let Vladivostoka, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (A.M.); Tel.: +7-914-070-1626 (A.K.); +7-904-627-6060 (A.M.)
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12
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Marrapu H, Avasarala R, Soma VR, Balivada SK, Podagatlapalli GK. Silver nanoribbons achieved by picosecond ablation using cylindrical focusing and SERS-based trace detection of TNT. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41217-41228. [PMID: 35519204 PMCID: PMC9057809 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05942k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the fabrication of silver nanoribbons by picosecond laser ablation of bulk silver (Ag) targets submerged in double distilled water (DDW) using a cylindrical focusing geometry. The laser ablation was performed by ∼2 picosecond laser pulses and the corresponding light sheet engendered by a cylindrical lens of focal length ∼4.5 cm. The input pulse energies employed at a wavelength ∼800 nm in the experiments were ∼1000 μJ, ∼1200 μJ, and ∼1400 μJ. In contrast to the case of ablation with spherical lenses, cylindrical lens ablation produced nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructures (NSs) in 20% less time. The data obtained from the optical characterizations exemplify that localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) was observed at 406 nm, 408 nm, and 410 nm for the input energies of ∼1000 μJ, ∼1200 μJ, and ∼1400 μJ, respectively. Interestingly, it was observed that the ablation performed at an input energy of ∼1200 μJ demonstrated the fabrication of Ag nanoribbons rather than the formation of Ag NPs. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) data of the nanoribbons recorded revealed their crystalline phase and linear morphology. Ag nanomaterials (NPs and ribbons) synthesized in these experiments were employed to detect the explosive molecules of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) at a concentration 25 nM using the technique of surface enhanced Raman scattering. The enhancement factor in the case of Ag nanoribbons (width of ∼20-30 nm, length of ∼0.6-2 μm), obtained using the cylindrical focussing geometry at input pulse energies of ∼1200 μJ, was estimated to be ∼107 for the 1362 cm-1 mode, corresponding to the symmetric NO2 stretch of TNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haribabu Marrapu
- Department of Electronics & Physics, GIS, GITAM deemed to be University Visakhapatnam 530045 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Ravikiran Avasarala
- Department of Electronics & Physics, GIS, GITAM deemed to be University Visakhapatnam 530045 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Venugopal Rao Soma
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad Hyderabad 500046 Telangana India
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Broadhead EJ, Tibbetts KM. Fabrication of Gold-Silicon Nanostructured Surfaces with Reactive Laser Ablation in Liquid. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10120-10129. [PMID: 32787031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Laser processing is an emerging technique capable of synthesizing metal-silicon composite surfaces for various applications. However, little is known about the chemical composition of these laser-processed surfaces, and the reaction mechanisms leading to their formation are poorly understood. In this work, we report the formation of gold-silicon nanostructured surfaces through reactive laser ablation in liquid. Silicon wafers were immersed in pH-controlled solutions of KAuCl4 and processed with ultrashort laser pulses. Gold deposition on the silicon wafers was found to depend on the pH of the precursor solution: neutral solutions (pH ∼6.3) resulted in much higher gold deposition than acidic or basic solutions. Laser processing of silicon wafers in water followed by immersion in the KAuCl4 solution resulted in lower gold deposition. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and depth profiling showed the existence of both gold (Au0) and gold-silicide (AuxSi) phases on the surfaces. Under both types of processing conditions, the gold atomic fraction and gold-silicide content increased with depth to at least 150 nm into the surface of the silicon wafer, although significantly more gold and gold-silicide were formed when the silicon was ablated in KAuCl4 solution as compared to immersion in KAuCl4 after ablation in water. Based on these data and existing literature on laser processing of silicon, we propose mechanisms that explain the observed gold penetration depth and its deposition dependence on solution pH. The mechanistic understanding gained in this work may be useful for synthesizing a variety of metal-silicon composite surfaces through laser processing to prepare functional materials such as catalysts and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Broadhead
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Katharine Moore Tibbetts
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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Zhu G, Cheng L, Liu G, Zhu L. Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticle Stabilized on Silicon Nanocrystal Containing Polymer Microspheres as Effective Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Substrates. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10081501. [PMID: 32751785 PMCID: PMC7466634 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Developing ideal surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates is significant in biological detection. Compared with free non-aggregated noble metal nanoparticles, loading metal nanoparticles on a large matrix can achieve a higher SERS effect due to the existence of many “hot spots”. A novel SERS substrate with intense “hot spots” was prepared through reducing gold ions with silicon nanocrystal containing polymer microspheres. The substrate exhibits high SERS sensitivity with an enhancement factor of 5.4 × 107. By applying 4-mercaptopyridine as a Raman reporter, the developed SERS substrate can realize measurement of pH values. The intensity ratio of 1574 to 1607 cm−1 of 4-mercaptopyridine showed excellent pH sensitivity, which increased as the surrounding pH increased. With good stability and reliability, the pH sensor is promising in the design of biological detection devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixian Zhu
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China; (L.C.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lin Cheng
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China; (L.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Gannan Liu
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China; (L.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Lianqing Zhu
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China; (L.C.); (G.L.)
- School of Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (L.Z.)
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Moram SSB, Shaik AK, Byram C, Hamad S, Soma VR. Instantaneous trace detection of nitro-explosives and mixtures with nanotextured silicon decorated with Ag-Au alloy nanoparticles using the SERS technique. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1101:157-168. [PMID: 32029107 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of recyclable surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based sensors has been in huge demand for trace level explosives detection. A simple, hybrid Silicon (Si) nanotextured target-based SERS platform is fabricated through patterning micro square arrays (MSA) on Si using femtosecond (fs) laser ablation technique at different fluences. Using the hybrid target Si MSA substrate loaded/decorated with Ag-Au alloy NPs (obtained using femtosecond ablation in liquids) we demonstrate the trace level detection of organic nitro-explosives [picric acid (PA), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), and 1, 3, 5-trinitroperhydro-1, 3, 5-triazine (RDX)] and their mixtures. The microstructures/nanostructures of MSA fabricated at an input fluence of 9.55 J/cm2, and decorated with Ag-Au alloy NPs, exhibited exceptional SERS enhancement factors (EFs) up to ∼1010 for MB, ∼106 for PA, and ∼104 for RDX with the detection limits obtained being ∼5 pM, ∼36 nM, and ∼400 nM for MB, PA and RDX respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate these SERS substrates possess good reproducibility (RSD values < 15%) and a superior performance compared to a commercial Ag substrate (SERSitive, Poland). Three binary mixtures, i.e. MB-PA, MB-DNT, PA-DNT at different concentrations, were also investigated using the same SERS substrate to test the efficacy. Further, the SERS spectra of dyes, explosives, and complex mixtures were utilized for discrimination/classification using principal component analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Satya Bharati Moram
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Abdul Kalam Shaik
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Chandu Byram
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Syed Hamad
- The Guo China-US Photonics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Venugopal Rao Soma
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India.
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Feedback-Driven Plasmonic-Thermal Route to Femtosecond-Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures in Silicon Indicated by Pump-Probe Scattering and Diffraction. SURFACES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/surfaces2020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The self-organized formation of nanoscale laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) is still not fully understood with respect to the dynamics and interplay of contributing complex mechanisms. The transition from randomness to order and the specific role of nano-feedback are of fundamental interest because of their general aspects. In our study, the very first steps of the surface reconfiguration are demonstrated by analyzing the topology of evolving nano-crater maps. The evolution of spatial frequencies and directional arrangement indicate a feedback-driven adaptation of k-vectors to the required excitation conditions of elementary dipoles in the linearly polarized laser field. The time-dependent structure formation was studied by pump-probe diffraction and scattering experiments. The ratio of the contributions of characteristic light patterns enables plasmonic and non-plasmonic mechanisms to be distinguished, which subsequently act at distinctly different time scales. Recently developed multistage models for the dynamics of material modification are confirmed. The influence of accumulation effects is clearly demonstrated by characteristic changes in scattering and diffraction with an increasing number of preceding pulses. It is assumed that the thermal and plasmonic contributions to accumulation are coupled and thus generate spatially variable modifications.
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Byram C, Moram SSB, Soma VR. SERS based detection of multiple analytes from dye/explosive mixtures using picosecond laser fabricated gold nanoparticles and nanostructures. Analyst 2019; 144:2327-2336. [PMID: 30768076 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01276h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a cutting edge analytical tool for trace analyte detection due to its highly sensitive, non-destructive and fingerprinting capability. Herein, we report the detection of multiple analytes from various mixtures using gold nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructures (NSs) as SERS platforms. NPs and NSs were achieved through the simple approach of laser ablation in liquids (LAL) and their morphological studies were conducted with a UV-Visible absorption spectrometer, a high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The fabricated NPs/NSs allowed the sensitive and selective detection of different mixed compounds containing (i) rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) and methylene blue (MB), (ii) crystal violet (CV) and malachite green (MG), (iii) picric acid (explosive) and MB (dye), (iv) picric acid and 3-nitro-1,2,4- triazol-5-one (explosive, NTO) and (v) picric acid and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (explosive, DNT) using a portable Raman spectrometer. Thus, the obtained results demonstrate the capability of fabricated SERS substrates in identifying explosives and dyes from various mixtures. This could pave a new way for simultaneous detection of multiple analytes in real field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandu Byram
- Advanced Centre for Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India.
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